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THE APPLICABILITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXCEPTIONS OF THE GATT TO CHINA＇S WTO-PLUS OBLIGATIONS -- WTO PANELAND APPELLATE BODY RULINGS ON THE CHINESE EXPORT RESTRICTIONS OF RARE EARTHS, TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM

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Frontiers of law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第2期10卷 211-244页

作者： Marian Paschke SHI Cheng Professor of law at School of Law University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany. Ph.D candidate at School of Law University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany.

On March 26, 2014, a panel established circulated its final report regarding the China by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body, -- Rare Earths ease to WTO Members. This dispute concerns China＇s export restrictions on rare earths, tungsten, and molybdenum. In its report, the panel agreed with the findings of another dispute, the China -- Raw Materials case. It concluded that the environmental exceptions under Article XX GATT 1994 cannot be applied to China＇s actions. This conclusion is reconfirmed in the latest appellate body＇s report of China -- Rare Earths on August 7, 2014. Therefore, China was not able to justify the violation of their WTO-plus obligation to eliminate all export duties, contained in paragraph 11.3 of China＇s Accession Protocol As a consequence of the panel＇s decision, it seems impossible for China to justify trade barriers with environmental interests and to invoke any exceptions. Such findings are subject to a fundamental controversy within the WTO multilateral trade system, trying to solve the tensions between environmental protection and trade liberalization.

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Enhancing Image Description Generation through Deep Reinforcement Learning:Fusing Multiple Visual Features and Reward Mechanisms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2469-2489页

作者： Yan Li Qiyuan Wang Kaidi Jia school of Cyber Security Gansu University of Political Science and LawLanzhou730070China

Image description task is the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing,and it has important prospects,including helping computers understand images and obtaining information for the visually *** study presents an innovative approach employing deep reinforcement learning to enhance the accuracy of natural language descriptions of *** method focuses on refining the reward function in deep reinforcement learning,facilitating the generation of precise descriptions by aligning visual and textual features more *** approach comprises three key ***,it utilizes Residual Network 101(ResNet-101)and Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)to extract average and local image features,respectively,followed by the implementation of a dual attention mechanism for intricate feature ***,the Transformer model is engaged to derive contextual semantic features from textual ***,the generation of descriptive text is executed through a two-layer long short-term memory network(LSTM),directed by the value and reward *** with the image description method that relies on deep learning,the score of Bilingual Evaluation Understudy(BLEU-1)is 0.762,which is 1.6%higher,and the score of BLEU-4 is ***-based Image Description Evaluation(CIDEr)scored 0.998,Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation(ROUGE)scored 0.552,the latter improved by 0.36%.These results not only attest to the viability of our approach but also highlight its superiority in the realm of image *** research can explore the integration of our method with other artificial intelligence(AI)domains,such as emotional AI,to create more nuanced and context-aware systems.

关键词： Image description deep reinforcement learning attention mechanism

On the Legal Status of Towns and Townships

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学术界 2019年第3期 199-210页

作者： Li Xintian law school South China University of Technology

As the most basic political power in China,the township government is the regime that contacts most directly with the grassroots people and deals most frequently with grassroots affairs. Through historical investigations,however,town and townships have lacked the stability in terms of their administrative level,organizational structure and functions,which have severely affected their service and have led to the confusion of the scope of township management and the boundaries of responsibilities. Therefore,it is necessary to explore the origin of towns and townships to determine the appropriate role of towns and townships in the national governance system. Based on the current Constitution,the Organic law and related specifications,the legal status of China’s towns and townships was defined. Furthermore,this paper explored ways to achieve the stabilities of administrative order and management at the township level with the improvement of corresponding specifications.

关键词： towns and townships grassroots political power legal status

Approaches to Legalize Higher Education Administration System in China

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学术界 2015年第2期 292-297页

作者： Gong Yuehong Xu Guodong law school Nanjing University of Finance & Economics

The higher education administration system in China has been a central theme in the reform and development of our country's higher education. In the past two decades,deviation from reform goals, absence of reform participants, vagueness of reform approaches and other problems have occurred despite the significant effects gained through constant innovations in the reform under the guidance of government policies. For the purpose of better reforming the higher education administration system, the concept of ruling by law, or that of managing the university by law, should be applied. The key is to rationalize the relationship between government and higher institutions as well as to fully exercise the autonomous management of universities and colleges in order to achieve an overall reform of higher education administration system that is conducted from within and without.

关键词：教育管理体制中国高等教育改革合法化教育管理系统政府政策依法治国自主管理

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The Authority Structure of Environmental Regulation under the Codification of Environmental law

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学术界 2020年第11期 193-202页

作者： Chen Demin Zhou Xian school of law Chongqing University Chongqing 400045

When developing and integrating a new environmental legal system under the Environmental Code,the joint regulation of ecology and environment,natural resources and an energy beyond the sphere of mere environmental concerns can be achieved;the semantic expression of environmental regulation can be ***,through the codification of environmental law,a revolutionary path for the structure of authority can be *** codification dictates a method for clarification of the boundaries and relations of environmental management *** the theory of Holistic Governance and in the codification process,the reform of environmental regulation authority should be concluded from both vertical and horizontal dimensions,through organizing,integrating,separating,classifying and finally,by establishing a synergy between the central and local governments and their *** can break down structural barriers to communication and cooperation of the ecological regulation and resource management authority and help establish uniformity of environmental regulation.

关键词： coordination uniformity Holistic Governance Environmental Code authority structure

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Fusion of Spiral Convolution-LSTM for Intrusion Detection Modeling

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2315-2329页

作者： Fei Wang Zhen Dong school of Cyberspace Security Gansu University of Political Science and LawLanzhou73000China

Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and slow convergence speed of current intrusion detection models,SpiralConvolution is combined with Long Short-Term Memory Network to construct a new intrusion detection *** dataset is first preprocessed using solo thermal encoding and normalization *** the spiral convolution-Long Short-Term Memory Network model is constructed,which consists of spiral convolution,a two-layer long short-term memory network,and a *** is shown through experiments that the model is characterized by high accuracy,small model computation,and fast convergence speed relative to previous deep learning *** model uses a new neural network to achieve fast and accurate network traffic intrusion *** model in this paper achieves 0.9706 and 0.8432 accuracy rates on the NSL-KDD dataset and the UNSWNB-15 dataset under five classifications and ten classes,respectively.

关键词： Intrusion detection deep learning spiral convolution long and short term memory networks 1D-spiral convolution

THE LEGAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CREATIVITY IN CHINA:A PERSPECTIVE OF VENTURE CAPITAL

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Frontiers of law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2020年第4期15卷 452-480页

作者： ZHANG Lin AN Jingjing Faculty of law The University of Hong KongHong KongChina school of law Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China school of law and Economics Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000China school of law Korea UniversitySeoulKorea school of law Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000China

A new concept of“legal infrastructure”has recently been emerging and becoming increasingly popular in *** concept offers a novel analytical framework to explore China’s existing legal organism for *** this academic mission,the perspective of venture capital is developed by this article in that it has been already been convincingly demonstrated by extant studies that venture capital is an indispensable catalyst for the output level of a country’s *** findings of this article are that the current legal infrastructure in China impedes the life cycle of venture capital,to some degree,and in turn impairs the capability of creativity in China’s economy.

关键词： legal infrastructure creativity venture capital(VC) China

THE KOLMAR V. SUTEX CASE ON RECIPROCITY IN FOREIGN JUDGMENTS ENFORCEMENT IN CHINA： A WELCOME DEVELOPMENT OR STILL ON THE WRONG TRACK？

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Frontiers of law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第2期13卷 202-217页

作者： ZHU Lei Lecturer in law Institute of Intemational Law Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China EU Competition law Law School Bangor University Wales

In December 2016, the Nanjing Intermediate People＇s Court in China issued its ruling in the Kolmar vo Sutex case, where a monetary judgment from Singapore was recognized and enforced against a local textile company. The case confirms that once a foreign country has taken the initiative, Chinese courts will follow up to enforce judgments from that country reciprocally. This is the doctrine of de facto reciprocity adopted by some Chinese courts. The paper surveys the judicial practice of Chinese courts and finds that this area of law is full of confusion and uncertainties due to the lack of applicable rules. Recent developments suggest that China may move away from this approach and adopt a relaxed version of reciprocity, which is worthy of close attention.

关键词： recognition and enforcement of foreign judgment reciprocity de facto reciprocity obligation doctrine

Coordination Mechanism of the Legal Protection of Resource Security with Its Relative laws

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第3期6卷 21-26页

作者： Chen Demin Wang Huabing law school Chongqing University Chongqing 400045 China

The basis of the legal protection of resource security is its relative laws, which have four main characteristics, which are foundational, divergent, comprehensive and of long-term social benefits in view. The coordination mechanism of the legal protection of resource security with its relative laws meets the needs of the sustainable development of the economy, society and environment. It also facilitates and is facilitated by the modern transformation of the legal system in China, and upholds the legal system as a logically self-perfecting entity. Furthermore, this coordination bears scientific feasibility.

关键词： resource security legal protection relative laws mechanism

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