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Reaction characteristics and kinetics of gallium in chlorination roasting of copper tailings using calcium chloride

Rare Metals 2022年第3期41卷 1063-1070页

作者： Chang Lei Tao Chen Bo Yan Xian-Ming Xiao State Key Laboratory of Organic geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100082China

The mineral composition of copper tailings was examined, and the phase analysis of gallium was conducted for recovery of the rare scattered metal gallium from copper tailings. The reaction characteristics and kinetics of gallium in the chlorination roasting of copper tailings were investigated in a tube furnace apparatus under different conditions, including roasting temperature, quantity of chlorination agent,roasting time, and airflow. Calcium chloride was chosen for the chlorination reaction because it is highly effective for volatilization of metals. The results show that gallium mainly exists in limonites in the form of oxides, and increases in roasting temperature, quantity of chlorination agent, and roasting time are conducive to increasing the chloridizing volatilization rate of gallium. The tailings gradually melt when the roasting temperature exceeds 900℃, resulting in a decrease in the chloridizing volatilization rate of gallium. The chloridizing volatilization rate of gallium reaches 78.86%at roasting temperature of 900℃ for 40 min, airflow of 0.1 m^(3)·h^(-1), and calcium content of 33.33 wt%. Study of the reaction kinetics of gallium in chlorination roasting shows that the values of activation energy both for chemically controlled anddiffusion-controlled reactionsare44.64and11.93 kJ·mol^(-1), respectively. This indicates that the chemical reaction serves an important function in the chlorination volatilization of gallium. Taken together, the results reveal the usefulness of tailings as a source of rare metals and provide a basis for gallium recovery and environmentally friendly disposal of copper tailings.

关键词： Copper tailings Gallium recovery Chlorination roasting Calcium chloride Kinetics

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Crust-mantle interaction and its contribution to the Shizhuyuan superlarge tungsten polymetallic mineralization

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Science China Earth Sciences 2001年第3期44卷 266-276页

作者：赵振华包志伟张伯友熊小林 1. guangzhou institute of geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 510640 Guangzhou China

The Qianlishan granite, which is closely related to theShizhuyuan tungsten polymetallic mineralization, is aluminous alkali-type granite. The intimate temporal and spatial association among the basaltic, syenite and granitic rocks in the mining area, and their major and trace ele-ments, and Nd, Pb, Sr, O isotopic compositions indicate that the crustal-mantle interaction probably was an important constraint on, and participated in, the formation of the superlarge ore deposit.

关键词： Shizhuyuan superlarge deposit crustal-mantle interaction aluminous alkali granite

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Pyrolysates of raw vitrinites and their residues after CS_2-NMP solvent extraction and its significance for petroleum geology

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第17期51卷 2103-2109页

作者： LIU Dayong PENG Ping'an State Key Laboratory of Organic geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Binary solvent (CS2-NMP) has extreme high extraction ability to coals, and it can extract most bitumens out of coals and vitrinites. And large amount of messages on side chains and their distri- bution character in vitrinites should be acquired through flash pyrolysis before and after binary solvent (CS2-NMP) extraction. A few low maturated coals have been selected and vitrinites are handpicked from coals. Then vitrinites have been extracted using different solvents in the order of polarity. Flash pyro- lysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrum has been applied to samples. The result shows that CS2-NMP is efficient for the extraction of vitirnites, giving much higher extraction yield than common solvents. Pro- duction ratio of liquid hydrocarbons in pyrolysates of vitrinites extracted with CS2-NMP is lower than that of raw vitrinites. And relative ratio of each component in pyrolysates has changed apparently. Production ratio of aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially those long chain aliphatics have decreased much after mixed solvent extraction. It shows that bitumens extracted with CS2-NMP have largely contributed to pyrolysates, especially those aliphatics in pyrolysates.

关键词：镜质组 CS2-NMP 干馏物溶剂萃取石油地质学

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Sorption and desorption of 1,4-dichlorobenzene on peat

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第S1期45卷 47-52页

作者： RAN Yong LIN Zheng WANG Xili MIN Yushun SHENG Guoying FU Jiamo State Key Laboratory of Organic geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

Sorption and desorption of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) on peat (>92% organic matter) display large-scale hysteresis and nonlinearity. The magnitude of desorption hysteresis decreases in the order: untreated Pahokee peat (P)> acid treated peat (FP)> humin (TP). The desorption percentages are lower than 28% of the sorbed 1, 4-DCB after desorbing for 6 days. The sorption and desorption isotherms are well fitted to Freundlich equation, whose parameter 1/n ranges from 0.055 to 0.527. Moreover, the parameter 1/n of the desorption isotherm is significantly lower than that of the sorption isotherm, but the parameter logK increases on contrary to 1/n. The desorption isotherms are very well fitted to Langmuir equation, whose Qm decreases in the order: TP>FP> P. The apparent partition coefficients (Kp) increase with increasing sorption time or decreasing aqueous equilibrium concentration of DCB. And Kp of P is significantly higher than that of FP or TP.

关键词： 1 4-dichlorobenze sorption desorption natural organic matter isothermal equation.

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GEOCHRONOLOGY OF WANYANGSHAN-ZHUGUANGSHAN GRANITOID BATHOLITH:IMPLICATION FOR THE CRUST DEVELOPMENT

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第5期34卷 620-629页

作者：李献华 guangzhou Branch Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica Guangzhou 510640 PRC

Single-grain zircon U-Pb analyses, combined with Sm--Nd, Rb--Sr, K--Ar and ^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar datingresults, suggest that there are four magmatic periods in Wanyangshan--Zhuguangshan granitoidbatholith, i.e. late Caledonian (414--434 Ma), Indosinian (220 Ma), middle Yanshanian (155 Ma)and late Yanshanian (105 Ma). The tectonic movement characterized by the unconformablecontact between Mid--Devonian and Pre--Devonian occurred about 380 Ma ago. Magmation istightly related to the regional crustal movement.

关键词： granitoid rocks isotope geochronology crust

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Sequential extraction and compositional analysis of oil-bearing fluid inclusions in reservoir rocks from Kuche Depression, Tarim Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第S1期45卷 60-66页

作者： PAN Changchun FU Jiamo SHENG Guoying Stale Key Laboratory of Organic geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

The free oils, adsorbed oils and oil-bearing fluid inclusions have been extracted separately and analyzed by GC and GC-MS in reservoir rock samples collected from the Kuche Depression. The results demonstrate that the molecular compositions of oil-bearing fluid inclusions are significantly different from those of the free oils (the current oils). Compared with the current oil, the oil-bearing fluid inclusions are characterized by relatively high values of parameters Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18, low values of Pr/Ph, hopanes/steranes, C30-diahopane/C30-hopane and Ts/Tm, low content of C29Ts terpane and high maturities as indicated by C29 steranes 20S/(20R+20S). In addition, the oil-bearing fluid inclusions correlate very well with the oils in northern and central Tarim Basin, which were derived from Cambrian-Ordovician marine source rocks. The adsorbed oils appear to be an intermediate type between free oils and oil-bearing fluid inclusions. The above analytical data indicate that there are at least two

关键词： oil-bearing fluid inclusions adsorbed oils sequential extraction Kuche depression Tarim Basin.

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First-order character of the displacive structural transition in BaWO_4

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第8期21卷 365-373页

作者：谭大勇肖万生周微陈鸣熊小林宋茂双 Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

Nearly all displacive transitions have been considered to be continuous or second order, and the rigid unit mode （RUM） provides a natural candidate for the soft mode. However, in-situ X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements show clearly the first-order evidences for the scheelite-to-fergusonite displacive transition in SaWO4： a 1.6% volume collapse, coexistence of phases, and hysteresis on release of pressure. Such first-order signatures are found to be the same as the soft modes in BaWO4, which indicates the scheelite-to-fergusonite displacive phase transition hides a deeper physical mechanism. By the refinement of atomic displacement parameters, we further show that the first-order character of this phase transition stems from a coupling of large compression of soft BaOs polyhedrons to the small displacive distortion of rigid WO4 tetrahedrons. Such a coupling will lead to a deeper physical insight in the phase transition of the common scheelite-structured compounds.

关键词： BaWO4 pressure-induced phase transitions X-ray diffraction Raman scattering

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Carbon isotope kinetics of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from different kinds of vitrinites

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第S1期49卷 72-78页

作者： LIU Dayong LIU Jinzhong PENG Ping’an SHUAI Yanhua State Key Laboratory of Organic geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

Kinetics study of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from vitrinites based on pyrolysis of gold tube closed system shows that the activation energies of methane generated from telocollinite are higher than that from desmocol-linite due to structure differences. But carbon isotope ratios of generated methane in pyrolysates of vitrinites at the same temperature points are similar. Carbon isotope ratio of methane may decrease in the early stage of gas generation and then increase in the later stage. But at higher temperature, δ13C1 decreases slightly or almost keeps stable with increasing temperature. Since it is known that carbon isotope distillation is controlled by time, temperature and carbon isotope ratio of bulk organic matter, the character of side chains connected to macromolecule of vitrinite and distribution of activation energies have no obvious effect on carbon isotope fraction. Decreasing trend of δ13C1 in the early stage may be caused by contagious structure of vitrinite or differences of

关键词： vitrinite closed system gaseous hydrocarbons activation energy carbon isotope fraction.

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Strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions of detrital sediment of NS90-103 from South China Sea: Variations and their paleoclimate implication

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Science China Earth Sciences 2000年第6期43卷 596-604页

作者：韦刚健桂训唐李献华陈毓蔚于津生 guangzhou institute of geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Strontium, neodymium isotopic compositions and trace elements of the detrital sediments of Core NS90-103 from South China Sea were analyzed. The results show that the87Sr/86Sr ratios of the detritus during the last glacial range from 0.722 4 to 0.723 0. They are significantly higher than those during the Holocene and the maximum of the last interglacial, which range from 0.721 0 to 0.721 7. This indicates stronger continental weathering during the last glacial. On the other hand, the143Nd/144Nd ratios of these detritus are higher during the last glacial too, similar to the variation of the87Sr/86Sr ratios. The trace element geochemistry of these detritus indicates that more authigenic sediments, such as ferromanganese, during the last glacial may partly contribute to the increase of143Nd/144Nd ratios. Furthermore, much more detritus from continent of South China to the north of the South China Sea may probably contribute to143Nd/144Nd ratios increase during the last glacial, which was the result of the enhancement of northeast monsoon.

关键词： Nansha Islands detrital sediments strontium and neodymium isotopes paleoclimate.

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Biomineralization of phototrophic microbes in silica-enriched hot springs in South China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第3期52卷 367-379页

作者： PENG XiaoTong ZHOU HuaiYang WU ZhiJun JIANG Lei TANG Song YAO HuiQiang guangzhou institute of geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Microbial mats in two hot springs in South China were sampled for the research of mineralization of microbes and its mechanism by the methods of geology and modern biology. The results show that hot spring microbes have the key capability for enrichment of Si, Al, Fe, Ca and other elements, and the microbes are also crucial for the formation of SiO2, CaCO3, clay and so on. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play important roles in the process of mineralization of hot spring microbes, which mainly takes place in the layer of EPS outside cell wall or sheath of cyanobacteria. The sheath outside cell wall, which keeps the normal metabolism of cyanobacteria during the process of mineralization on its surface, is also considerable for the biomineralization of cyanobacteria. According to structure and mineralization characteristics of two microbial mats, the process of mineralization can be divided into three stages, namely, early surface mineralization, middle degradation mineralization, and late des- quamation of mineral. The above conclusions are significant for comprehension of the process of mineralization, the process of deposition and the preservation of microfossil in modern and ancient extreme environments.

关键词：华南地区富硅温泉光养微生物生物矿化作用藻青菌

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