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980 nm Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Using All-Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals Doped with Ytterbium Ions

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 207-215页

作者： Zhenglan Ye Taoran Liu Dan Chen Yazhou Yang Jiayi Li Yaqing Pang Xiangquan Liu Yuhua Zuo Jun Zheng Zhi Liu Buwen Cheng State Key Laboratory on Integrated optoelectronics Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Center of Materials Science and optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China intelligent Network Research institute Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China

All-inorganic perovskite(CsPbX3)nanocrystals(NCs)have recently been widely investigated as versatile solution-processable light-emitting *** to its wide-bandgap nature,the all-inorganic perovskite NC Light-Emitting Diode(LED)is limited to the visible region(400-700 nm).A particularly difficult challenge lies in the practical application of perovskite NCs in the infrared-spectrum *** this work,a 980 nm NIR all-inorganic perovskite NC LED is demonstrated,which is based on an efficient energy transfer from wide-bandgap materials(CsPbCl3 NCs)to ytterbium ions(Yb3+)as an NIR emitter doped in perovskite *** optimized CsPbCl3 NC with 15 mol%Yb3+doping concentration has the strongest 980 nm photoluminescence(PL)peak,with a PL quantum yield of 63%.An inverted perovskite NC LED is fabricated with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/poly-TPD/CsPbCl3:15 mol%Yb3+NCs/TPBi/LiF/*** LED has an External Quantum Efficiency(EQE)of 0.2%,a Full Width at Half Maximum(FWHM)of 47 nm,and a maximum luminescence of 182 cd/m?.The introduction of Yb3+doping in perovskite NCs makes it possible to expand its working wavelength to near-infrared band for next-generation light sources and shows potential applications for optoelectronic integration.

关键词： perovskite nanocrystals rare-earth doping Light-Emitting Diode(LED) near-infrared optical interconnection

Fabrication and performance of 3C–SiC photocathode materials for water splitting

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第1期34卷 12-25页

作者： Haojie Li Zidong Zhou Xiuhua Cao Zhilan Du Wei Yan Jiawen Li Altaf Mujear Yinfei Shao Jing Chen Xuesong Wang Guohua Gao Yuxin Zhang Yongfeng Mei Zhihao Bao Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University Yiwu Research institute of Fudan University Department of Materials Science&State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of intelligent optoelectronics and Perception Institute of Optoelectronics Fudan University International institute of intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems Fudan University

Since high-performance catalysts play a vital role in energy conversion efficiency during photocatalytic hydrogen evolution(PHE), they are indispensable for clean energy production and environmental sustainability. Though a lot of semiconductor materials have been developed as catalysts for PHE by water splitting, many of them(e.g.,oxides, sulfides, and phosphides) suffer from low stability and unsuitable energy band structures. In contrast, the energy band structure of cubic silicon carbide(3C–SiC) ideally spans the water redox potential, and its suitable band gap(2.36 eV) can effectively utilize most of the available sunlight. Therefore, 3C–SiC exhibits unique advantages in PHE. In this review, to aid researchers in preparing an appropriate photocatalytic material for hydrogen evolution, a thorough examination of the preparation methods of 3C–SiC is offered. The modification methods of 3C–SiC and their recent advances in enhancing its efficiency of PHE are summarized. They include morphology control, heterostructure construction, doping, and loaded co-catalysts. A deep discussion of the relationship among the photocatalytic effect, its energy band structure, and modification methods of 3C–SiC is presented. Finally, the benefits and drawbacks of various modifications for PHE are emphasized, as is the outlook for future research.

关键词： Cubic silicon carbide Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution Photocatalytic mechanism Preparation methods Improving strategies

Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 1-35页

作者： Sourav Dutta Seungmin Noh Roger Sanchis Gual Xiangzhong Chen Salvador Pané Bradley J.Nelson Hongsoo Choi Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea DGIST‑ETH Microrobotics Research Center DGISTDaegu 42988Republic of Korea Multi‑Scale Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland institute of optoelectronics State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and TechnologyShanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and PerceptionFudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China

Synthetic micromotor has gained substantial attention in biomedicine and environmental ***-based degradable micromotor composed of magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)have promise due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion,favorable biocompatibility,and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable metallic micromotor have shown their fast movement in complex biological media,efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocompatibility.A noteworthy number of degradable metal-based micromotors employ bubble propulsion,utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen *** novel feature has projected degradable metallic micromotors for active in vivo drug delivery *** addition,understanding the degradation mechanism of these micromotors is also a key parameter for their design and *** propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall performance of a degradable metallic *** we review the design and recent advancements of metallic degradable ***,we describe the controlled degradation,efficient in vivo drug delivery,and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable micromotors with versatile biomedical ***,we discuss micromotors’efficacy in detecting and destroying environmental ***,we address the limitations and future research directions of degradable metallic micromotors.

关键词： Magnesium Zinc Iron Biodegradable microrobot Biomedical Environmental

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ess Enhanced photothermoelectric conversion in selfrolled tellurium photodetector with geometryinduced energy localization

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1545-1556页

作者： Jiayuan Huang Chunyu You Binmin Wu Yunqi Wang Ziyu Zhang Xinyu Zhang Chang Liu Ningge Huang Zhi Zheng Tingqi Wu Suwit Kiravittaya Yongfeng Mei Gaoshan Huang Department of Materials Science&State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Yiwu Research institute of Fudan University Yiwu 322000 ZhejiangChina International institute of intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China ShanghaiTech Quantum Device Lab ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 200120China Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of intelligent optoelectronics and Perception Institute of OptoelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Photodetection has attracted significant attention for information *** the implementation relies primarily on the photonic detectors,they are predominantly constrained by the intrinsic bandgap of active *** the other hand,photothermoelectric(PTE)detectors have garnered substantial research interest for their promising capabilities in broadband detection,owing to the self-driven photovoltages induced by the temperature *** get higher performances,it is crucial to localize light and heat energies for efficient ***,there is limited research on the energy conversion in PTE detectors at micro/nano *** this study,we have achieved a twoorder-of-magnitude enhancement in photovoltage responsivity in the self-rolled tubular tellurium(Te)photodetector with PTE *** illumination,the tubular device demonstrates a maximum photovoltage responsivity of 252.13 VW^(-1)and a large detectivity of 1.48×10^(11)*** disclose the mechanism of the PTE conversion in the tubular structure with the assistance of theoretical *** addition,the device exhibits excellent performances in wide-angle and polarization-dependent *** work presents an approach to remarkably improve the performance of photodetector by concentrating light and corresponding heat generated,and the proposed self-rolled devices thus hold remarkable promises for next-generation on-chip photodetection.

关键词： illumination energy primarily

Model architecture level privacy leakage in neural networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 20-32页

作者： Yan LI Hongyang YAN Teng HUANG Zijie PAN Jiewei LAI Xiaoxue ZHANG Kongyang CHEN Jin LI institute of Artificial intelligent and Blockchain Guangzhou University Pazhou Lab

Privacy leakage is one of the most critical issues in machine learning and has attracted growing interest for tasks such as demonstrating potential threats in model attacks and creating model *** recent years, numerous studies have revealed various privacy leakage risks(e.g., data reconstruction attack, membership inference attack, backdoor attack, and adversarial attack) and several targeted defense approaches(e.g., data denoising, differential privacy, and data encryption). However, existing solutions generally focus on model parameter levels to disclose(or repair) privacy threats during the model training and/or model interference process, which are rarely applied at the model architecture level. Thus, in this paper, we aim to exploit the potential privacy leakage at the model architecture level through a pioneer study on neural architecture search(NAS) paradigms which serves as a powerful tool to automate a neural network *** investigating the NAS procedure, we discover two attack threats in the model architecture level called the architectural dataset reconstruction attack and the architectural membership inference attack. Our theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation reveal that an attacker may leverage the output architecture of an ongoing NAS paradigm to reconstruct its original training set, or accurately infer the memberships of its training set simply from the model architecture. In this work, we also propose several defense approaches related to these model architecture attacks. We hope our work can highlight the need for greater attention to privacy protection in model architecture levels(e.g., NAS paradigms).

关键词： neural architecture search data reconstruction attack membership inference attack

Controllable split polarization singularities for ultra-precise displacement sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1478-1484页

作者： JIAKANG ZHOU HAIXIANG MA SHUOSHUO ZHANG WU YUAN CHANGJUN MIN XIAOCONG YUAN YUQUAN ZHANG Nanophotonics Research Centre Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics&State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Research Center for Humanoid Sensing Research Institute of Intelligent SensingZhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The topic of optical precise displacement measurement has garnered significant attention and generated widespread interest recently. The use of optical singularity offers a potential solution for this purpose, although effectively manipulating the singularity in an ideal manner remains challenging. In this work, we propose a theoretical approach to achieve controllable position modulation of the C-point in the focal plane, whose spatial position can be easily modulated by adjusting the relative offset factor β and the offset angle α of an azimuthal polarization beam(APB), while the interval and orientation of the C-points can be flexibly regulated. Notably, the chiral polarization state undergoes a distinct reversal along the link-line connecting the two C-points, thereby providing a promising approach for accurate displacement sensing. To evaluate its sensing characteristics, the varying pattern of the scattered field intensity is monitored when sweeping a gold helix and nanoparticle along the link-line. The results of simulation quality index Q verify that the equilibrium factor of the scattering field possesses an obvious linear relationship with the displacement, signifying a precise sub-nanometric *** research introduces new methods for the flexible control of polarization singularities in tightly focused fields,thereby enhancing the utilization of circular polarization properties near C-points for displacement *** findings not only enrich the field of nanometer measurement technology but also pave the way for new avenues of research in this domain.

关键词： polarization displacement precise

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Hybrid Strategy of Partitioned and Monolithic Methods for Solving Strongly Coupled Analysis of Inverse and Direct Piezoelectric and Circuit Coupling

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1371-1386页

作者： Daisuke Ishihara Syunnosuke Nozaki Tomoya Niho Naoto Takayama Department of intelligent and Control Systems Kyushu Institute of TechnologyFukuokaJapan

The inverse and direct piezoelectric and circuit coupling are widely observed in advanced electro-mechanical systems such as piezoelectric energy *** strongly coupled analysis methods based on direct numerical modeling for this phenomenon can be classified into partitioned or monolithic *** formulation has its advantages and disadvantages,and the choice depends on the characteristics of each coupled *** study proposes a new option:a coupled analysis strategy that combines the best features of the existing formulations,namely,the hybrid partitioned-monolithic *** analysis of inverse piezoelectricity and the monolithic analysis of direct piezoelectric and circuit interaction are strongly coupled using a partitioned iterative hierarchical *** a typical benchmark problem of a piezoelectric energy harvester,this research compares the results from the proposed method to those from the conventional strongly coupled partitioned iterative method,discussing the accuracy,stability,and computational *** proposed hybrid concept is effective for coupled multi-physics problems,including various coupling conditions.

关键词： Structure-piezoelectric-circuit interaction energy harvesting partitioned method monolithic method hybrid method

A survey of decision making in adversarial games

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 85-112页

作者： Xiuxian LI Min MENG Yiguang HONG Jie CHEN College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai Research institute for intelligent Autonomous Systems

In many practical applications, such as poker, chess, drug interdiction, cybersecurity, and national defense, players often have adversarial stances, i.e., the selfish actions of each player inevitably or intentionally inflict loss or wreak havoc on other players. Therefore, adversarial games are important in realworld applications. However, only special adversarial games, such as Bayesian games, are reviewed in the literature. In this respect, this study aims to provide a systematic survey of three main game models widely employed in adversarial games, i.e., zero-sum normal-form and extensive-form games, Stackelberg(security) games, and zero-sum differential games, from an array of perspectives, including basic knowledge of game models,(approximate) equilibrium concepts, problem classifications, research frontiers,(approximate) optimal strategy-seeking techniques, prevailing algorithms, and practical applications. Finally, promising future research directions are also discussed for relevant adversarial games.

关键词： adversarial games zero-sum games Stackelberg games differential games Nash equilibrium correlated equilibrium regret

CCM-FL:Covert communication mechanisms for federated learning in crowd sensing IoT

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 597-608页

作者： Hongruo Zhang Yifei Zou Haofei Yin Dongxiao Yu Xiuzhen Cheng institute of intelligent Computing School of Computer Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China

The past decades have witnessed a wide application of federated learning in crowd sensing,to handle the numerous data collected by the sensors and provide the users with precise and customized ***,how to protect the private information of users in federated learning has become an important research *** with the differential privacy(DP)technique and secure multiparty computation(SMC)strategy,the covert communication mechanism in federated learning is more efficient and energy-saving in training the ma-chine learning *** this paper,we study the covert communication problem for federated learning in crowd sensing Internet-of-Things *** from the previous works about covert communication in federated learning,most of which are considered in a centralized framework and experimental-based,we firstly proposes a centralized covert communication mechanism for federated learning among n learning agents,the time complexity of which is O(log n),approximating to the optimal ***,for the federated learning without parameter server,which is a harder case,we show that solving such a problem is NP-hard and prove the existence of a distributed covert communication mechanism with O(log logΔlog n)times,approximating to the optimal solution.Δis the maximum distance between any pair of learning *** analysis and nu-merical simulations are presented to show the performance of our covert communication *** hope that our covert communication work can shed some light on how to protect the privacy of federated learning in crowd sensing from the view of communications.

关键词： Covert communications Federated learning Crowd sensing SINR model