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China petroleum processing & Petrochemical Technology 2022年第1期24卷 90-99页

作者： Ding Shi Ge Panzhu Zhang Rui Xi Yuanbing Zhang Le Li Dadong Nie Hong SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Beijing 100083

The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)on the stability of the hydrogenation catalyst for production of ultra-low sulfur diesel was studied in a pilot plant using Ni-Mo-W/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)catalyst.The mechanisms of catalyst deactivation were analyzed by the methods of elemental analysis,nitrogen adsorption-desorption,thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry(TG-MS)technology,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).The results demonstrated that PAHs had little effect on the activity of catalyst at the beginning of operation,during which the reaction temperature was increased by only 1-4℃.However,the existence of PAHs significantly accelerated the deactivation of catalyst and weakened the stability of catalyst.This phenomenon could be explained by the reason that the catalyst deactivation is not only related to the formation of carbon deposit,but is also closely related to the loss of pore volume and the decrease of Ni-W-S phase ratio after adding PAHs.

关键词： ultra-low sulfur diesel catalyst deactivation polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Influence of Ethanol Addition on the Spray Auto-ignition Properties of Gasoline and Its Relationship with Octane Number

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China petroleum processing & Petrochemical Technology 2022年第2期24卷 68-75页

作者： Wang Jun Yang He Hu Xiaoming Song Haiqing Zhang Ran Tian Huayu SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Beijing 100083

In this study,the spray auto-ignition properties of binary primary reference fuels(PRFs)of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and n-heptane with different research octane numbers(RONs)were measured according to the industry standard NB/SH/T 6035 to determine their ignition delay times at various initial temperatures.Furthermore,the auto-ignition properties were investigated after blending the PRFs with various amounts of ethanol.The results revealed a very good correlation between the derived cetane number and the RON for the PRFs in both the presence and absence of ethanol.In addition,a concept of ignition delay sensitivity was developed for ethanol-containing fuels that exhibited a close relationship with the octane sensitivity,which is defined as the RON minus the motor octane number(MON).Finally,the developed method was applied to conveniently estimate the RON and MON values of several ethanol-containing fuels by simply measuring their auto-ignition properties.

关键词： ethanol spray auto-ignition ignition delay octane number sensitivity

Tetralin Hydrocracking Reaction Network to Single-Ring Aromatics on Bifunctional Catalysts

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China petroleum processing & Petrochemical Technology 2022年第2期24卷 14-22页

作者： Ju Xueyan Huang Zhen Zhang Rui Wang Lixin Hu zhihai Li Dadong SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Beijing 100083

Conversion of LCO(light cycle oil)to BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)is an economically valuable method for refineries.However,this approach still faces difficulties as the main reactions are not clearly understood.Here we study the detailed hydrocracking pathway of typical reactants,1-methylnaphthalene and tetralin,through molecular simulations and experiments to improve our understanding of the conversion process of LCO to BTX.Molecular simulations demonstrate that the rate-determining step is the isomerization pathway of six-membered ring to five-membered ring in tetralin as its activation energy(ΔEa)is the highest among all the reactions and the order ofΔEa of reactions is isomerization>ring-opening≈side-chain cleavage.The results of experiments show that with the increase in reaction depth,i.e.,through a high temperature(350-370℃)and low LHSV(4.5-6.0 h^(−1)),isomerization,ring-opening,and side-chain cleavage reactions occurred,thus improving the selectivity and yield of alkyl aromatics.

关键词： tetralin hydrocracking network single-ring aromatics

A sustainable integration of removing CO_(2)/NO_(x) and producing biomass with high content of lipid/protein by microalgae

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第10期31卷 13-25,I0002页

作者： Junying Zhu Baowen Guo Fengxiang Qie Xu Li Xikang Zhao Junfeng Rong Baoning Zong research Centre of Renewable Energy Research Institute of Petroleum ProcessingSINOPECBeijing 100083China

Due to the boost of CO_(2)/NO_(x)emissions which cause environmental pollution,processes that remove such pollutants from flue gas have attracted increasing attention in recent years.Among these technologies,biological CO_(2)/NO_(x)emission reduction has received more interest.Microalgae,a kind of photosynthetic microorganism,offer great promise to convert CO_(2)/NO_(x)to biomass with high content of lipid and protein,which can be used as feedstock for various products such as biodiesel,health products,feedstuff and biomaterials.In this paper,biological CO_(2)/NO_(x)removing technologies by microalgae,together with the products(such as biofuel and protein)and their economic viability are discussed.Although commercial applications of microalgae for biodiesel and protein products are hampered by the high production cost of biomass,the use of CO_(2)/NO_(x)from flue gas as carbon and nitrogen sources can reduce the cost of biomass production,which makes these technologies more competent for real-life applications.Moreover,it is projected that the increasing in CO_(2)allowances will lead to further reduction in the cost of biomass production,which especially favors related products with lower values such as biodiesel.Furthermore,by combining various process optimization and integration,biorefinery is proposed and considered as the crucial component for the sustainable and economically feasible bulk applications of microalgae biomass.

关键词： Microalgae Greenhouse gas NO_(x) Biodiesel Protein

Discussion on the Mechanism of Boric Acid and Phosphoric Acid to Improve the Hardening of Complex Calcium Lubricating Grease

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China petroleum processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第4期21卷 112-118页

作者： Zheng Hui Sun Hongwei He Yifeng Su Shuo Zhuang Minyang Liu Xinyang SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing

In order to solve the hardening problem of complex calcium lubricating grease, the water absorption test of several calcium salts was carried out, and it was found that calcium 12-hydroxystearate did not absorb water, and calcium acetate, calcium phosphate and calcium borate had different degrees of water absorption. Calcium acetate has the highest water absorption rate, while calcium phosphate and calcium borate show comparable water absorption rates. Upon using the molecular simulation technology, it is found that in the complex calcium grease system, calcium phosphate and calcium borate tend to combine with water, which inhibits the water absorption of calcium acetate and alleviate the hardening problem.

关键词： lubricating grease complex calcium hardening

Catalytic Cracking Characteristics of Plant Oil for Producing Light Olefins and Light Aromatics

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China petroleum processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第1期21卷 55-61页

作者： Cheng Xiaojie SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing

Catalyst containing shape selective zeolite is used to investigate the catalytic cracking characteristics of palm oil and three types of hydrocarbon VGOs on a fixed fluidized bed(FFB) unit. The advantage of producing light olefins and light aromatics by catalytic cracking of plant oil is discussed. Results indicate that the hydrocarbyl group of the plant oil molecule is quite readily crackable; the C_6—C_8 aromatics yield is well above and the light olefins yield is about the same with the hydrocarbon feeds, while the yields of low value products are lower; the hydrocarbyl group of the plant oil molecule has strong tendency of aromatization, and can enter the zeolite pores to selectively form C_6—C_8 aromatics; during catalytic cracking of plant oil and fatty acids, a portion of the oxygen is removed in the form of water through hydrogen transfer reaction, while olefins are prevented from being saturated, which can ensure proper yields of both low-carbon olefins and light aromatics.

关键词： plant oil catalytic cracking hydrogen-transfer light olefins light aromatics

Numerical Simulation of Optimization of Mixing Tank for Residue Upgrading Reactor

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China petroleum processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第2期21卷 110-117页

作者： Bao Di Tang Xiaojin Zhu Zhenxing SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing

For studying the mixing tank for RMAC (residue upgrading to maximize asphaltene conversion) reactor, the CFD simulation was employed to simulate the flow field in the mixing tank. The dispersion of liquid-liquid phase in the mixing tank and the power of turbines were investigated. The simulation results showed that compared with the original doublelayer propeller, the A310-swept double-layer impellers could reduce the liquid heterogeneous degree by 27.5% and the stirring power by 3.25%. The influence of rotation speed on the heterogeneous degree and stirring power was investigated, and the critical rotation speed was obtained. The optimal rotation speed was determined to be 240 r/min. The heterogeneous degree was 0.19 and the minimum stirring power was 10.89 W. By optimizing the impeller selection and process conditions, the overall performance of the mixing tank could be significantly improved.

关键词： liquid-liquid mixing impellers numerical simulation critical rotation speed

Enhanced Anti-Wear Property of Low Viscosity Engine Oil for Sequence IVB Engine Test Meeting the GF-6 Specification

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China petroleum processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第2期21卷 95-102页

作者： Xie Xin Jia Qiulian Zhang Jianrong SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing

The purpose of this research is to determine the anti-wear capability of new advanced low viscosity engine oil to meet the Sequence IVB requirement of ILSAC GF-6 specification, which envisages that the first certification will be realized in 2020. The anti-wear performance of the aged candidate GF-6 engine oils was evaluated using the laboratory bench test rigs such as the Falex Pin & Vee Block test machine and the high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The worn surfaces were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The remarkable anti-wear performance of the developed GF-6 engine oil was also confirmed in the Sequence IVB test. The results indicate that by appropriately selecting and balancing the calcium detergent additives the wear loss of cam and tappet determined in the Sequence IVB test at low temperature could be significantly reduced. The time for occurrence of the intersection of the base and acid values corresponds well with the increase of wear of cam tappet of the IVB engine test.

关键词： engine oil GF-6 Sequence IVB anti-wear valvetrain wear

NO_x Removal by Oxidation on Alumina Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts Followed by Alkaline Absorption

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China petroleum processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第3期21卷 1-9页

作者： Yang Xue Sun Min Liu Bo Lin Wei SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing

NO oxidation is the key reaction for the oxidative NO x removal process.In this work,the catalytic NO oxidation performance of the Al2O3 supported metal oxide catalysts(M-Al2O3,M=V,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni and Ce)is evaluated.The oxidation product is absorbed by the alkaline solution for NO x removal.The NO oxidation activity increases in the following order:V<

关键词： NOx removal NO oxidation M-Al2O3 catalysts alkaline absorption

Modeling of Continuous Cross-flow Microfiltration Process in an Airlift External-loop Slurry Reactor

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China petroleum processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第1期21卷 117-122页

作者： Zheng Bo Tang Xiaojin Zhang Zhanzhu Zong Baoning SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing

New modified combination mathematical models including the pores blocking models and the cake layer models were developed to describe the continuous cross-flow microfiltration in an airlift external loop slurry reactor. The pores blocking models were created based on the standard blocking law and the intermediate blocking law, and then the cake layer models were developed based on the hydrodynamic theory in which the calculation method of porosity of cake layer was newly corrected. The Air-Water-FCC equilibrium catalysts cold model experiment was used to verify the relevant models.Results showed that the calculated values fitted well with experimental data with a relative error of less than 10%.

关键词： airlift external-loop slurry reactor cross-flow microfiltration filtration resistance mathematical model