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Flow behavior and deposition study of pollen-shape carrier particles in an idealized inhalation path model

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Particuology 2010年第1期8卷 51-59页

作者： Meer Saiful Hassan Raymond Lau School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering (scbe) Nanyang Technological University (NTU)

Pollen-shape （spiked sphere） hydroxyapatite （HA） particles for drug carrier application are studied. The particle shape and size effect on flow characteristics and deposition are assessed. The pollen-shape HA particles are synthesized to have comparable size as typical carrier particles with mean diameter of 30-50 μm and effective density less than 0.3 g/cm^3. The flow behaviors of HA and commonly used lactose （LA） carrier particles are characterized by the Carr＇s compressibility index （CI）. The HA particles have lower CI than the LA particles for the same size range. The flow fields of HA and LA carrier particles are measured in an idealized inhalation path model using particle image velocimetry （PLY） technique. The particle streamlines indicate that a large portion of particles may deposit at the bending section due to inertial impaction and gravitational deposition. The flow field result shows that HA particles give smaller separation regions than the LA particles for the same size range. The pollen-shape HA particles are found to be able to follow the gas flow in the model and minimize undesired deposition. Deposition result confirms the bending section to have the most deposition. Deposition is found to be a function of particle properties. An empirical correlation is derived for the deposition efficiency of the pollen-shape particles as a function of particles Stokes number.

关键词： Aerosol Fluid mechanics Multiphase flow Particle Powder technology Pulmonary drug delivery

Role of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation along the liver-brain axis in animal models with obesity-induced neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1069-1076页

作者： Evridiki Asimakidou Eka Norfaishanty Saipuljumri Chih Hung Lo Jialiu Zeng Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK School of Applied Science Republic PolytechnicSingaporeSingapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

The interaction between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is central to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s ***-related conditions like type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease exacerbate this *** lipid accumulation,particularly in the liver,initiates a cascade of inflammatory processes that extend to the brain,influencing critical metabolic regulatory *** and palmitate,key lipid components,along with lipid transporters lipocalin-2 and apolipoprotein E,contribute to neuroinflammation by disrupting blood–brain barrier integrity and promoting *** insulin resistance further exacerbates brain insulin resistance and *** interventions targeting peripheral lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathways have shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation in animal ***,translating these findings to clinical practice requires further investigation into human *** conclusion,metabolic dysfunction,peripheral inflammation,and insulin resistance are integral to neuroinflammation and *** these complex mechanisms holds potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease inflammatory cytokines insulin resistance lipid

Determination of the archaeal and bacterial communities in two-phase and single-stage anaerobic systems by 454 pyrosequencing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第10期27卷 121-129页

作者： Yogananda Maspolim Yan Zhou Chenghong Guo Keke Xiao Wun Jern Ng Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre (AEBC) Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI)Nanyang Technological University (NTU) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University (NTU)

2-Phase anaerobic digestion（AD）, where the acidogenic phase was operated at 2 day hydraulic retention time（HRT） and the methanogenic phase at 10 days HRT, had been evaluated to determine if it could provide higher organic reduction and methane production than the conventional single-stage AD（also operated at 12 days HRT）. 454 pyrosequencing was performed to determine and compare the microbial communities. The acidogenic reactor of the 2-phase system yielded a unique bacterial community of the lowest richness and diversity, while bacterial profiles of the methanogenic reactor closely followed the single-stage reactor. All reactors were predominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens, mainly Methanolinea. Unusually, the acidogenic reactor contributed up to 24%of total methane production in the 2-phase system. This could be explained by the presence of Methanosarcina and Methanobrevibacter, and their activities could also help regulate reactor alkalinity during high loading conditions through carbon dioxide production. The enrichment of hydrolytic and acidogenic Porphyromonadaceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae and unclassified Bacteroidetes in the acidogenic reactor would have contributed to the improved sludge volatile solids degradation, and ultimately the overall 2-phase system＇s performance. Syntrophic acetogenic microorganisms were absent in the acidogenic reactor but present in the downstream methanogenic reactor, indicating the retention of various metabolic pathways also found in a single-stage system. The determination of key microorganisms further expands our understanding of the complex biological functions in AD process.

关键词： Sewage sludge 2-Phase anaerobic digestion Microbial community 454 pyrosequencing Methanogen

Distributed Fault-Tolerant Control of Uncertain Multi-Agent Systems with Connectivity Maintenance

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 40-62页

作者： XING Xueyan HU Guoqiang Continental-ntu Corporate Lab Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Continental-ntu Corporate Lab and the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

In this paper,a distributed cooperative control protocol is presented to deal with actuator failures of multi-agent systems in the presence of connectivity *** the developed strategy,each agent can track the reference trajectory of the leader in the presence of actuator failures,disturbances and *** connectivity of the multi-agent system can always be ensured during the control *** achieve the aforementioned control objectives,a potential function is introduced to the distributed adaptive fault-tolerant control algorithm to preserve the initial connected network among the *** uncertainty of the multi-agent system,which is allowed to be described by discontinuous functions,is approximated and compensated using the fuzzy logic *** asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is demonstrated through the use of Cellina’s approximate selection theorem of nonsmooth *** to the developed adaptive laws,the upper bound of the disturbance is allowed to be uncertain,which facilitates the implementation of the control ***,simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

关键词： Actuator failure connectivity maintenance coordination control uncertainties

Nash equilibrium seeking with prescribed performance

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Control Theory and Technology 2023年第3期21卷 437-447页

作者： Chao Sun Guoqiang Hu Continental-ntu Corporate Lab Nanyang Technological University639798 NanyangSingapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University639798 NanyangSingapore

In this work,we study a Nash equilibrium(NE)seeking problem for strongly monotone non-cooperative games with prescribed *** general NE seeking algorithms,the proposed prescribed-performance NE seeking laws ensure that the convergence error evolves within a predefined ***,the settling time,convergence rate,and maximum overshoot of the algorithm can be ***,we develop a second-order Newton-like algorithm that can guarantee prescribed performance and asymptotically converge to the NE of the ***,we develop a first-order gradient-based *** remove some restrictions on this first-order algorithm,we propose two discontinuous dynamical system-based algorithms using tools from non-smooth analysis and adaptive *** study the special case in optimization ***,we investigate the robustness of the *** can be proven that the proposed algorithms can guarantee asymptotic convergence to the Nash equilibrium with prescribed performance in the presence of bounded ***,we consider a second-order dynamical system *** simulation results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithms,in terms of their convergence rate and disturbance rejection ability.

关键词： Nash equilibrium seeking Non-cooperative games Prescribed performance Disturbance rejection

Discussion on Relevance and Studies of Prescription Compatibility in Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第10期27卷 788-793页

作者： Loh Cheng Toa Steven Goh Xin Yi ntu Chinese Medicine Clinic Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore(637551)

With Chinese medicine(CM)gaining popularity in recent years,researchers and clinicians have put in much interest and effort into the makings and effects of it,especially after the recent announcement of World Health Orgnitation's incorporation of CM into mainstream medical *** herb has complex properties,coming from its pharmacological properties and the Chinese medical principles of organ-directed,taste and dynamic orientational *** use of individual herb in CM is rare,where various herbs/ingredients are mostly found in a prescribed *** fully reveal the effects of CM is a great *** complexity of various herbs in combined effect,the absorption and utility rate by the body,uniqueness of individual physique,sub-types of pathological behaviors and time-line progression of the healing process add on to the complication of understanding the full effect of *** theories such as pathophysiology guidance,pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic compatibility method,and Global Systems Biology for Integrative Genomics,Proteomics and Metabolomics,which interactively provide a wider scope,more details,with the consideration of development time-line,may shed more light to revealing the full picture of the effects of compatibility prescription.

关键词： Chinese medicine integrative effects methodologies prescription compatibility

From Two-Phase to Three-Phase: The New Electrochemical Interface by Oxide Electrocatalysts

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第1期10卷 74-76页

作者： Zhichuan J.Xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Solar Fuels Lab Nanyang Technological University Energy Research Institute ntu (ERIN) Nanyang Technological University

Electrochemical reactions typically occur at the interface between a solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte. The charge exchange behaviour between these two phases determines the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. In the past few years, significant advances have been made in the development of metal oxide electrocatalysts for fuel cell and electrolyser reactions. However, considerable gaps remain in the fundamental understanding of the charge transfer pathways and the interaction between the metal oxides and the conducting substrate on which they are located. In particular, the electrochemical interfaces of metal oxides are significantly different from the traditional(metal) ones, where only a conductive solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte are considered. Oxides are insulating and have to be combined with carbon as a conductive *** electrode configuration results in a three-phase electrochemical interface, consisting of the insulating oxide, the conductive carbon, and the liquid electrolyte. To date, the mechanistic insights into this kind of non-traditional electrochemical interface remain unclear. Consequently conventional electrochemistry concepts, established on classical electrode materials and their two-phase interfaces, are facing challenges when employed for explaining these new electrode materials.

关键词： Electrochemistry Interface Oxides Carbon Electrocatalyst

Bio-inspired functional coacervates

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Aggregate 2022年第6期3卷 86-98页

作者： Shujun Chen Qi Guo Jing Yu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University(NTU)Singapore Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science Nanyang Technological University(NTU)Singapore

Many functional coacervates have been identified in biological systems,which have attracted widespread *** is a liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)process in which a macromolecule-enriched liquid phase is formed together with a macromolecule-depleted ***-inspired coacervates possess excellent features such as underwater delivery,low interface energy,shear thinning,and excellent *** also serve as good delivery platforms for different types of *** this review,we briefly discuss some important extracellular coacervate systems,including mussel adhesives,sandcastle worm glue,squid beak,and *** then provide an overview of the recent development of bio-inspired functional coacervates for various biomedical applications,including medical adhesives,drug delivery,and tissue ***-inspired functional coacervates offer a promising material platform for developing new materials for biomedical applications.

关键词： bio-inspired materials coacervates phase separation

Peptide asparaginyl ligases——renegade peptide bond makers

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第3期63卷 296-307页

作者： James P.Tam Ning-Yu Chan Heng Tai Liew Shaun J.Tan Yu Chen School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637551Singapore Synzymes and Natural Products Center Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637551Singapore ntu Institute of Structural Biology Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 636921Singapore

Making peptide bonds is tightly controlled by genetic code and machinery which includes cofactors,ATP,and *** this regard,the stand-alone and genetic-code-independent peptide ligases constitute a new family of renegade peptide-bond makers.A prime example is butelase-1,an Asn/Asp(Asx)-specific ligase that structurally belongs to the asparaginyl endopeptidase ***-1 specifically recognizes a C-terminal Asx-containing tripeptide motif,Asn/Asp-Xaa-Yaa(Xaa and Yaa are any amino acids),to form a site-specific Asn-Xaa peptide bond either intramolecularly as cyclic proteins or intermolecularly as modified *** work in the past five years has validated that butelase-1 is a potent and versatile *** we review the advances in ligases,with a focus on butelase-1,and their applications in engineering bioactive peptides and precision protein modifications,antibody-drug conjugates,and live-cell labeling.

关键词： asparaginyl endopeptidase Asn-specific ligation bioorthogonal ligation butelase chemoenzymatic ligation live-cell labeling protein engineering protein modification site-specific labeling tandem ligation