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Kerogen Kinetic Distributions and Simulations Provide Insights into Petroleum Transformation Fraction (TF) Profiles of Organic-Rich Shales

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 747-757页

作者： David A.Wood DWA Energy limited Lincoln LN59JPUnited Kingdom

Two hundred and fifty single first-order Arrhenius reactions are simulated to generate S2 pyrograms at three heating rates 25,15,and 5°C·*** activation energy(E)and pre-exponential factor(A)of the reactions simulated follow a long-established trend of those variable values displayed by shales and *** characteristics of the transformation fraction(TF)profiles(product generation window temperatures)of the simulated single reactions are compared to the TF profiles of recorded shale pyrograms generated by multiple reactions with different E-A values lying near the defined E-A *** similarities and differences are observed between the TF profile values of the two *** similarities support the spread of E-A values involved in shale pyrogram best *** differences are most likely explained by the complexity of the multiple kerogen first-order and second-order reactions contributing to the recorded shale pyrograms versus the simplicity and crispness of the single first-order reactions *** results also justify the validity of using the previously described“variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method”of multi-heating-rate shale pyrograms enabling optimizers to choose multiple reactions from an unlimited range of E-A *** contrast,further doubt is cast on the validity of the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method used by the Easy%Ro technique,in that a distribution of reactions with a single A value is unlikely to represent the complex variety of kerogen macerals observed in shale *** profiles generated by the variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method lie close to the established E-A trend and are likely to provide more realistic TF generation window temperatures than TF profiles generated by the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method.

关键词： transformation fraction profiles simulated S2 pyrograms multiple heating rates kerogen/shale kinetics S2 pyrogram fitting techniques kerogen petroleum research.

Application of fluid modulus inversion to complex lithology reservoirs in deep-water areas

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 153-161页

作者： Zhaoming Chen Huaxing Lyu Zhongtao Zhang Yanhui Zhu Baojun Liu CNOOC Deepwater Development limited ShenzhenGuangdong518054China

It has been a challenge to distinguish between seismic anomalies caused by complex lithology and hydrocarbon reservoirs using conventional fluid identification techniques,leading to difficulties in accurately predicting hydrocarbon-bearing properties and determining oil-water contacts in *** this study,we built a petrophysical model tailored to the deep-water area of the Baiyun Sag in the eastern South China Sea based on seismic data and explored the feasibility of the tri-parameter direct inversion method in the fluid identification of complex lithology reservoirs,offering a more precise alternative to conventional *** research found that the fluid modulus can successfully eliminate seismic amplitude anomalies caused by lithological ***,the seismic databased direct inversion for fluid modulus can remove the cumulative errors caused by indirect inversion and the influence of *** discovered that traditional methods using seismic amplitude anomalies were ineffective in detecting fluids,determining gas-water contacts,or delineating high-quality ***,the fluid factor Kf,derived from solid-liquid decoupling,proved to be sensitive to the identification of hydrocarbon-bearing properties,distinguishing between high-quality and poor-quality gas *** findings confirm the value of the fluid modulus in fluid identification and demonstrate that the tri-parameter direct inversion method can significantly enhance hydrocarbon exploration in deep-water areas,reducing associated risks.

关键词： Fluid identification Seismic fluid factor Solid-liquid decoupling Deep-water area Complex lithology reservoir

Prediction of net energy of feeds for broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 241-250页

作者： Aye-Cho Tay-Zar Manoosak Wongphatcharachai Pairat Srichana Pierre-André Geraert Jean Noblet Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company limited (CPF) Adisseo France S.A.S. INRAE

Net energy(NE) enables the prediction of more accurate feed energy values by taking into account the heat increment which is approximately 25% of apparent metabolizable energy(AME) in ***, application of NE in poultry industry has not been practiced widely. To predict the NE values of broiler diets, 23 diets were prepared by using 13 major ingredients(wheat, corn, paddy rice,broken rice, cassava pellets, full-fat soybean, soybean meal, canola meal, animal protein, rice bran, wheat bran, palm kernel meal and palm kernel oil). The diets were formulated in order to meet the birds' requirements and get a wide range of chemical compositions(on DM basis; 33.6% to 55.3% for starch;20.8% to 28.4% for CP, 2.7% to 10.6% for ether extract [EE] and 7.0% to 17.2% for NDF), with low correlations between these nutrients and low correlations between the inclusion levels of ingredients allowing for the calculation of robust prediction equations of energy values of diets or ingredients. These diets were fed to Ross 308 broilers raised in 12 open-circuit respiratory chambers from 18 to 23 d of age(4 birds per cage) and growth performance, diet AME content and heat production were measured, and dietary NE values were calculated. The trial was conducted on a weekly basis with 12 diets measured each week(1per chamber), 1 of the 23 diets(reference diet) being measured each week. Each diet was tested at least 8times. In total, 235 energy balance data values were available for the final calculations. Growth performance, AME(15.3 MJ/kg DM on average) and AME/GE(79.4% on average) values were as expected. The NE/AME value averaged 76.6% and was negatively influenced by CP and NDF and positively by EE in connection with efficiencies of AME provided by CP, EE and starch for NE of 73%, 87% and 81%,respectively. The best prediction equation was: NE =(0.815 × AME)—(0.026 × CP) +(0.020 × EE)—(0.024 × NDF) with NE and AME as MJ/kg DM, and CP, EE and NDF as % of DM. The NE prediction

关键词： Net energy Broiler Poultry Feed evaluation Energy system

Fracture behavior and mechanism of highly fragmented steel cylindrical shell under explosive loading

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 122-132页

作者： Kang Wang Peng Chen Xingyun Sun Yufeng Liu Jiayu Meng Xiaoyuan Li Xiongwei Zheng Chuan Xiao Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065China Shanxi Jiangyang Chemical Company limited Taiyuan 030051China Central Iron&Steel Research Institute Company limited Beijing 100081China China Research and Development Academy of Machinery Equipment Beijing 100089China

An in-depth understanding of the fracture behavior and mechanism of metallic shells under internal explosive loading can help develop material designs for warheads and regulate the quantity and mass distribution of the fragments *** study investigated the fragmentation performance of a new high-carbon silicon-manganese(HCSiMn)steel cylindrical shell through fragment recovery *** with the conventional 45Cr steel shell,the number of small mass fragments produced by the HCSi Mn steel shell was significantly increased with a scale parameter of 0.57 g fitted by the Weibull distribution *** fragmentation process of the HCSi Mn shell exhibited more brittle tensile fracture characteristics,with the microcrack damage zone on the outer surface being the direct cause of its high *** the one hand,the doping of alloy elements resulted in grain refinement by forming metallographic structure of tempered sorbite,so that microscopic intergranular fracture reduces the characteristic mass of the fragments;on the other hand,the distribution of alloy carbides can exert a"pinning"effect on the substrate grains,causing more initial cracks to form and propagate along the brittle carbides,further improving the shell *** the killing power radius for light armored vehicles was slightly reduced by about 6%,the dense killing radius of HCSiMn steel projectile against personnel can be significantly increased by about 26%based on theoretical *** results provided an experimental basis for high fragmentation warhead design,and to some extent,revealed the correlation mechanism between metallographic structure and shell fragmentation.

关键词： Projectile fragmentation Fragment mass distribution Fracture mode Metallographic structure Damage power

Identification and Characteristics Analysis of Micro-Seismic Signals in the Haima Seep Area

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 288-291页

作者： Xiangchun Wang Bing Nie Zhiyu Wu Weiwei Wang Hua Chen China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083China CNOOC China limited Shenzhen BranchShenzhen 518000China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Guangzhou 511458China CNOOC China limited Shanghai BranchShanghai 200335China

*** recent years,with the steady development of offshore energy exploration technology,submarine gas seepage sites,and their products are gradually being identified and *** submarine cold seep is a seepage phenomenon in which hydrocarbon gases stored deep in the seafloor are transported to seawater by gushing or seepage under the action of tectonic compression(Roy et al.,2019;Tinivella and Giustiniani,2016).

关键词： submarine Seismic offshore

Development and performance evaluation of high temperature resistant strong adsorption rigid blocking agent

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2650-2662页

作者： Zhe Xu Jin-Sheng Sun Jing-Ping Liu Kai-He Lv Xiao-Dong Dong Zong-Lun Wang Tai-Feng Zhang Yuan-Wei Sun Zhi-Wen Dai School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company limited

As drilling wells continue to move into deep ultra-deep layers, the requirements for temperature resistance of drilling fluid treatments are getting higher and higher. Among them, blocking agent, as one of the key treatment agents, has also become a hot spot of research. In this study, a high temperature resistant strong adsorption rigid blocking agent(QW-1) was prepared using KH570 modified silica,acrylamide(AM) and allyltrimethylammonium chloride(TMAAC). QW-1 has good thermal stability,average particle size of 1.46 μm, water contact angle of 10.5., has a strong hydrophilicity, can be well dispersed in water. The experimental results showed that when 2 wt% QW-1 was added to recipe A(4 wt% bentonite slurry+0.5 wt% DSP-1(filtration loss depressant)), the API filtration loss decreased from 7.8to 6.4 m L. After aging at 240.C, the API loss of filtration was reduced from 21 to 14 m L, which has certain performance of high temperature loss of filtration. At the same time, it is effective in sealing 80-100mesh and 100-120 mesh sand beds as well as 3 and 5 μm ceramic sand discs. Under the same conditions,the blocking performance was superior to silica(5 μm) and calcium carbonate(2.6 μm). In addition, the mechanism of action of QW-1 was further investigated. The results show that QW-1 with amide and quaternary ammonium groups on the molecular chain can be adsorbed onto the surface of clay particles through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction to form a dense blocking layer, thus preventing further intrusion of drilling fluid into the formation.

关键词： High adsorption Rigid microsphere High temperature resistance Blocking performance

Development of a DFN-based probabilistic block theory approach for bench face angle design in open pit mining

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3047-3062页

作者： Jianhua Yan Xiansen Xing Zhihai Li Weida Ni Liuyuan Zhao Chun Zhu Yuanyuan He School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China POWERCHINA Huadong Engineering Corporation limited Hangzhou311122China Zhejiang Huadong Construction Corporation limited Hangzhou310004China The Seventh Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau Yichang443000China

In open pit mining,uncontrolled block instabilities have serious social,economic and regulatory consequences,such as casualties,disruption of operation and increased regulation *** this reason,bench face angle,as one of the controlling parameters associated with block instabilities,should be carefully designed for sustainable *** study introduces a discrete fracture network(DFN)-based probabilistic block theory approach for the fast design of the bench face angle.A major advantage is the explicit incorporation of discontinuity size and spatial distribution in the procedure of key blocks *** proposed approach was applied to a granite mine in ***,DFN models were generated from a multi-step modeling procedure to simulate the complex structural characteristics of pit ***,a modified key blocks searching method was applied to the slope faces modeled,and a cumulative probability of failure was obtained for each ***,a bench face angle was determined commensurate with an acceptable risk level of *** simulation results have shown that the number of hazardous traces exposed on the slope face can be significantly reduced when the suggested bench face angle is adopted,indicating an extremely low risk of uncontrolled block instabilities.

关键词： Open pit mine Bench face angle Block theory Probabilistic approach Discrete fracture network modeling Fractured rock slope

A multichannel thermal bubble-actuated impedance flow cytometer with on-chip TIA based on CMOS-MEMS

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 41-49页

作者： Shengxun Cai Jianqing Nie Kun Wang Yimin Guan Demeng Liu School of Microelectronics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 201800China Shanghai AURE Technology limited Company Shanghai 201800China

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)flow cytometry offers the advantages of speed,affordability,and portability in cell analysis and cytometry ***,the integration challenges of microfluidic and EIS read-out circuits hinder the downsizing of cytometry *** address this,we developed a thermal-bubble-driven impedance flow cytometric application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC).The thermal-bubble micropump avoids external piping and equipment,enabling high-throughput *** a total of 36 cell counting channels,each measuring 884×220μm^(2),the chip significantly enhances the throughput of flow *** cell counting channel incorporates a differential trans-impedance amplifier(TIA)to amplify weak biosensing *** eliminating the parasitic parameters created at the complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor transistor(CMOS)-micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)interface,the counting accuracy can be *** on-chip TIA can adjust feedback resistance from 5 to 60 kΩto accommodate solutions with different *** chip effectively classifies particles of varying sizes,demonstrated by the average peak voltages of 0.0529 and 0.4510 mV for 7 and 14μm polystyrene beads,***,the counting accuracies of the chip for polystyrene beads and MSTO-211H cells are both greater than 97.6%.The chip exhibits potential for impedance flow cytometer at low cost,high-throughput,and miniaturization for the application of point-of-care diagnostics.

关键词： EIS flow cytometry CMOS-MEMS thermal bubble lab-on-chip

Naive-LSTM enabled service identification of edge computing in power internet of things

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2024年

作者： Bai Huifeng Huo Chao Zhang Ganghong Yin Zhibin Beijing SmartChip Microelectronics Technology Company limited

Great challenges and demands are presented by increasing edge computing services for current Power Internet of Things (Power IoT) to deal with serious diversity and complexity of these services. To improve the matching degree between edge computing and complex services， the services identification function is necessary for Power IoT. This article proposes a naive long short-term memory (Naive-LSTM) based services identification scheme of edge computing devices in the Power IoT， where the Naive-LSTM model makes full use of the most simplified structure and conducts discretization of the LSTM model. Moreover， the Naive-LSTM based services identification scheme can generate the probability output result to determine the task schedule police of Power IoT. After well learning operation， these Naive-LSTM classification engine module in edge computing devices of Power IoT can perform services identification， by obtaining key characteristics from various services traffics. Testing results show that the Naive-LSTM based services identification scheme is feasible and efficient in improving the edge computing ability of the Power IoT.

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