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Role of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A review

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第6期2卷 172-193页

作者： Robbie SR Woods Esther M O'Regan Susan Kennedy Cara Martin John J O'Leary Conrad Timon Department of Otolaryn-gology Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Department of Histopa-thology St. James’s Hospital Department of Histopathology Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Molecular Pathology Research Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital

Human papillomavirus(HPV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. As a result, traditional paradigms in relation to the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been changing. Research into HPVrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is rapidly expanding, however many molecular pathological and clinical aspects of the role of HPV remain uncertain and are the subject of ongoing investigation. A detailed search of the literature pertaining to HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was performed and information on the topic was gathered. In this article, we present an extensive review of the current literature on the role of HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in relation to epidemiology, risk factors, carcinogenesis, biomarkers and clinicalimplications. HPV has been established as a causative agent in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and biologically active HPV can act as a prognosticator with better overall survival than HPV-negative tumours. A distinct group of younger patients with limited tobacco and alcohol exposure have emerged as characteristic of this HPV-related subset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis are not completely understood and further studies are needed to assist development of optimal prevention and treatment modalities.

关键词： Human papillomavirus Human papillomavirus Oropharynx Oropharyngeal Squamous cell carcinoma Head and neck Oncology

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Corrosive injury to upper gastrointestinal tract: Still a major surgical dilemma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第32期12卷 5223-5228页

作者： Siew Min Keh Nzewi Onyekwelu Kieran McManus Jim McGuigan The royal National Nose Throat & ear hospital LondonUnited Kingdom Thoracic Surgical Unit royal victoria hospital BelfastUnited Kingdom

In the developed and developing countries, corrosive injury to the gastrointestinal system as a consequence of either accidental ingestion or as a result of self-harm has become a less common phenomenon compared to decades ago. This could partly be attributed to the tighter legislation imposed by the government in these countries on detergents and other corrosive products and general public awareness. Most busy upper gastrointestinal surgical units in these countries, especially in the developed countries will only encounter a small number of cases per year. Up to date knowledge on the best management approach is lacking. In this article, we present our experience of two contrasting cases of corrosive injury to the upper gastrointestinal tract in our thoracic unit in the last 2 years and an up-to-date Medline literature search has been carried out to highlight the areas of controversies in the management of corrosive injuries of the upper gastrointestinal tract. We concluded that the main principle in managing such patients requires a good understanding of the pathophysiology of corrosive injury in order to plan both acute and future management. Each patient must be evaluated individually as the clinical picture varies widely. Signs and symptoms alone are an unreliable guide to injury.

关键词： K Acid Alkali Oesophageal stricture Endoscopy Steroids Oesophageal and gastric carcinoma

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Alcohol delamination of the corneal epithelium for recurrent corneal erosion syndrome

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第7期11卷 1129-1131页

作者： Aine Ni Mhealoid Taylor Lukasik William Power Conor C.Murphy Education and Research Centre Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Dublin D02XK51 Ireland School of Medicine RCSI School of Medicine Dublin D02VN51 Ireland Ophthalmology Department Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital Dublin D02XK51 Ireland

AIM： To evaluate the outcomes of alcohol delamination（ALD） of the corneal epithelium for the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome（RCES） and to implement a standardized treatment protocol for this condition utilizing evidence based practice and the findings of an internal audit. METHODS： A retrospective analysis of 42 eyes of 40 patients diagnosed with RCES who were treated with ALD between January 2006 and March 2016 was conducted. Patients had 20% alcohol applied to the cornea with the use of a well for 40 s. Patients were reviewed one week later in the Outpatient Department. Outcome criteria were established based on standards from other studies in the medical literature. These included, a treatment success rate of at least 72%（defined as complete resolution of symptoms one month after treatment）, a postoperative complication a rate of 〈5%（mainly infective keratitis, and subepithelial haze）, and the absence of any detrimental effect on visual acuity in ≥95% of patients. RESULTS： The mean age at the time of ALD was 41.17±13.44 y. Patients were followed for an average of 12.8±15.65 mo. The majority were female（52.5%, n=21） and the majority of eyes treated with ALD were left eyes（62.9%, n=26）. Trauma was the primary aetiology in our study population. Treatment was successful in 73.8%（n=31） of eyes and in 75%（n=30） of patients. Recurrence occurred in 26.2% of eyes at a mean of 10.41±12.63 mo post treatment. CONCLUSION： ALD is an efficacious and cost-effective primary surgical intervention for RCES.

关键词： recurrent comeal erosion alcohol delaminafion corneal abrasion corneal trauma corneal dystrophy

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Recent advances and future directions for the pharmacogenetic basis of anti-VEGF treatment response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 584-585页

作者： Moeen Riaz Paul N. Baird Centre for eye Research Australia Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology) University of MelbourneRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital

Age related macular degeneration （AMD） is a complex progres- sive neurodegenerative disease causing blindness in 30-35 million people worldwide. It affects the macula region of the retina leading to severe vision loss and legal blindness in individuals 〉 50 years of age （Wong et al., 2014）. The precise aetiology of AMD is unknown but smoking, age and genetic factors are major risk factors for AMD predisposition （Ding et al., 2009）. The genetic basis of AMD is well described with a recent study from the International AMD gene consortium （IAMDGC） reporting 52 genetic variants across 34 loci associated with the risk of AMD pathogenesis and explaining more than 50% of the genetic heritabilitv of the disease （Fritsche et al., 2016）.

关键词： VEGF Recent advances and future directions for the pharmacogenetic basis of anti-VEGF treatment response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

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Protection in the eye room:minimising risks of COVID-19 transmission during eye examinations in the emergency department

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第1期2卷 5-6页

作者： Matthew M.Wilson C/O royal victorian eye and ear hospital 32 Gisborne StreetEast MelbourneVictoria 3002Australia

Ocular examinations in the emergency department(ED)provide an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)transmission due to the close-proximity to the patient and inability to physical *** this article,I dis... 详细信息

关键词： COVID-19 Ocular examination Ophthalmology Respiratory droplet

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Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion and Its Management

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眼科学报 1992年第1期8卷 40-44页

作者： Desmond Archer Department of Ophthalmology Queen's University BelfastEye and Ear ClinicRoyal Victoria HospitalBelfastNorthern Ireland

The natural course of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion is determined by the site and completeness of the occlusion, the integrity of arterial perfusion to the affected sector and the efficiency of the developing collateral circulation. Most patients with tributary vein occlusion have some capillary fall out and microvascular incompetence in the distribution of the affected retina and vision is significantly compromised in over 50% of patients who have either chronic macular oedema or ischemia involving the...

关键词： Branch retinal vein occlusion causes photoablation laser photocoagulation complication.

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Inner blood-retina barrier involvement in dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD) pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1656-1657页

作者： Natalie Hudson Mark Cahill Matthew Campbell Neurovascular Genetics Unit Smurfit Institute of GeneticsTrinity College DublinDublinIreland royal victoria eye and ear hospital Adelaide RoadDublin 2Ireland

Age-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)isaprogressiveneurodegenerative disease with a global prevalence of 8.7%in people over the age of 45. It is one of the leading causes of central retinal blindness in the industrialized world leading to loss of an individual’s ability to read, drive and see fine details, such as recognition of faces. By 2040, it is estimated that 288 million individuals worldwide will be diagnosed with AMD due to improved life expectancy(Wong et al., 2014).

关键词： AMD individual degeneration

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Glaucoma surgery and induced astigmatism:a systematic review

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eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 159-163页

作者： Helen H.L.Chan Yu Xiang G.Kong royal victorian eye and ear hospital 32 Gisborne StEast MelbourneVIC 3002Australia

Background:The refractive outcomes of glaucoma surgeries,particularly their effect on astigmatism,are incompletely *** body:Trabeculectomy is associated with a considerable amount of with-the-rule astigmatic change in the immediate postoperative *** is followed by a gradual against-the-rule *** changes are altered with the use of mitomycin C(MMC).Non-penetrating surgery such as deep sclerectomy is also associated with a similar or smaller degree of induced *** invasive glaucoma surgery appears to be astigmatically *** is no clear evidence regarding refractive outcomes of glaucoma drainage device ***:Induced astigmatism may account for a reduction in unaided visual acuity in the early postoperative period following a successful *** changes appear to stabilise at 3 months,and it would be prudent to defer the prescription of new glasses until this *** sequential cataract surgery is to be performed,toric intraocular lenses can be a useful option for astigmatic correction.

关键词： Filtration surgery Trabeculectomy Astigmatism Refractive outcome

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Prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australians with self-reported diabetes:The National eye Health Survey

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第10期13卷 1642-1651页

作者： Joshua Foreman Stuart Keel Myra B McGuinness Jonathan G Crowston Hugh R Taylor Mohamed Dirani Centre for eye Research Australia the Royal Victorian Eye&Ear HospitalVictoria 3002MelbourneAustralia Ophthalmology Department of Surgerythe University of MelbourneVictoria 3010MelbourneAustralia Indigenous eye Health Unit Melbourne School of Population and Global Healththe University of MelbourneVictoria 3010MelbourneAustralia Singapore eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre168751Singapore

AIM:To determine the prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australian adults with ***:Multistage random-cluster sampling was used to select 3098 non-indigenous Australians aged 50 y or older(46.4%male)and 1738 indigenous Australians aged 40 y or older(41.1%male)from all levels of geographic remoteness in *** underwent a standardised questionnaire to ascertain diabetes history,and a clinical examination to identify eye *** determined the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error,visually significant cataract,cataract surgery,age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,ocular hypertension,retinal vein occlusion and epiretinal membrane among those with and without self-reported ***:Participants with self-reported diabetes had a higher prevalence of cataract surgery than those without diabetes(28.8%vs 16.9%,OR 1.78,95%CI:1.35-2.34 among non-indigenous Australians,and 11.3%vs 5.2%,OR 1.62,95%CI:1.22-2.14 among indigenous Australians).Diabetic retinopathy(DR)increased the odds of cataract surgery among self-reported diabetic indigenous and nonindigenous Australians(OR 1.89,P=0.004 and OR 2.33,P<0.001 respectively).Having diabetes for≥20 y and having vision-threatening DR increased the odds of cataract surgery among indigenous Australians with diabetes(OR 3.73,P=0.001 and 7.58,P<0.001,respectively).CONCLUSION:Most non-retinopathy ocular conditions are not associated with self-reported ***,to account for Australia’s worsening diabetes epidemic,interventions to reduce the impact of diabetes-related blindness should include increased cataract surgery services.

关键词： retinopathy diabetes prevalence public health national survey cataract

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eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 322-330页

作者： Ke Cao Srujana Sahebjada Andrea J.Richardson Paul N.Baird Centre for eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourneAustralia. Department of Surgery OphthalmologyThe University of Melbourne32 Gisborne StreetEast MelbourneVIC 3000Australia

Background:Keratoconus(KC)is a common corneal condition with an unknown gender *** numerous studies have investigated the genetic component of KC,no specific genes have yet been attributed to the *** recently reported posterior segment changes occurring in the eyes of KC ***,it is not clear whether these changes are part of KC pathogenesis or reflect changes in anatomical features of the eye manifested by changes at the *** retinal changes represent the main characteristics observed in agerelated macular degeneration(AMD)and that pleiotropy has been demonstrated between different eye diseases,we wished to assess if known AMD associated genes were also associated with ***:A total of 248 KC subjects and 366 non-KC(control)subjects were recruited from public and private clinics in Melbourne for this *** single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)previously associated with AMD,including rs10490924(ARMS2/HTRA1),rs10737680(CFH),rs13278062(TNFRSF10A),rs1864163(CETP),rs2230199(C3),rs3130783(IER3/DDR1),rs334353(TGFBR1),rs3812111(COL10A1),rs429608(C2/CFB),rs4420638(APOE),rs4698775(CFI),rs5749482(TIMP3),rs6795735(ADAMTS9),rs8017304(RAD51B),rs8135665(SLC16A8),rs920915(LIPC),rs943080(VEGFA),rs9542236(B3GALTL)and rs13081855(COL8A1/FILIP1L),were genotyped in this *** regression was applied to evaluate the association between these SNPs and KC on both genders together,as well as each gender *** regression was also applied to assess the association between SNPs and corneal *** correction was applied to adjust for multiple ***:Genotyping data were available for 18 *** SNP,rs6795735(ADAMTS9)was significantly associated with KC(p=3.5×10−4)when both genders were assessed,whereas rs5749482(TIMP3)was only associated in males(p=7.7×10−4)following Bonferroni multiple ***,when the covariates of age and gender were included,the associations became non-sign

关键词： Keratoconus Gender Genetic Age-related macular degeneration

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