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Adapting the botanical landscape of Melbourne Gardens(royal Botanic Gardens Victoria)in response to climate change

Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 338-347页

作者： Timothy J.Entwisle Chris Cole Peter Symes royal Botanic Gardens Victoria

Botanic gardens around the world maintain collections of living plants for science, conservation, education, beauty and more. These collections change over time-in scope and content-but the predicted impacts of climate change will require a more strategic approach to the succession of plant species and their landscapes. royal Botanic Gardens Victoria has recently published a 'Landscape Succession Strategy'for its Melbourne Gardens, a spectacular botanical landscape established in 1846. The strategy recognizes that with 1.6 million visitors each year, responsibility for a heritage-listed landscape and the need to care for a collection of 8500 plant species of conservation and scientific importance, planting and planning must take into account anticipated changes to rainfall and temperature. The trees we plant today must be suitable for the climate of the twenty-second century. Specifically, the Strategy sets out the steps needed over the next twenty years to transition the botanic garden to one resilient to the climate modelled for2090. The document includes a range of practical measures and achievable(and at times somewhat aspirational) targets. Climate analogues will be used to identify places in Australia and elsewhere with conditions today similar to those predicted for Melbourne in 2090, to help select new species for the collection. Modelling of the natural and cultivated distribution of species will be used to help select suitable growth forms to replace existing species of high value or interest. Improved understanding of temperature gradients within the botanic garden, water holding capacity of soils and plant water use behaviour is already resulting in better targeted planting and irrigation. The goal is to retain a similar diversity of species but transition the collection so that by 2036 at least 75% of the species are suitable for the climate in 2090. Over the next few years we hope to provide 100% of irrigation water from sustainable water sources, and

关键词： Climate change Landscape succession Botanic garden Uving collection

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Legal and Ethical Issues in Brain Banking

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第2期35卷 267-269页

作者： Inge Huitinga Mignon de Goeij Natasja Klioueva Netherlands Brain Bank Netherlands Institute for Neuro-science Netherlands Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences

The legal and ethical issues in brain banking are *** post-mortem removal and retention of organs as well as research with human tissue and genetic information,have posed various dilemmas in the fields of law and *** to the relative novelty of these issues,the law is often lacking in clear instructions and unambiguous *** ethical problems specifically involving post-mortem cell and tissue banking for research purposes are not always specifically taken into *** means that a brain bank frequently does not qualify for a certain well-defined legal *** of this and the fact that the existing regimes differ significantly throughout the world,many uncertainties arise for the initiation and management of brain *** on informed consent,confidentiality,financial sustainability,accountability,and transparency are conditions sine qua non for the good conduct of a professional brain bank and are briefly highlighted.

关键词： Legal Brain Banking post-mortem

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Creation of Super Long Transversely Polarized Optical Needle Using Azimuthally Polarized Multi Gaussian Beam

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Chinese Physics Letters 2016年第6期33卷 29-32页

作者： C.M.Sundaram K.Prabakaran P.M.Anbarasan K.B.Rajesh A.M.Musthafa Department of Physics Periyar University Department of Physics Mahendra Arts and Science College(Autonomous) Department of Physics Chikkanna Government Arts College Department of General Studies(Physics Group) Jubail University College(Male Branch)Royal Commission of Jubail

The intensity distribution in the focal region of a high-NA lens for the incident azimuthally polarized multi Gaussian beam transmitted through a multi belt spiral phase hologram is studied on the basis of the vector diffraction theory. Here we report a new method used to generate a needle of transversely polarized light beam with sub diffraction beam size of 0.366A that propagates without divergence over a long distance of about 22A in free space. We also expect that such a light needle of transversely polarized beam may find its applications in utilizing optical materials or instruments responsive to the transversal field only.

关键词： of on it for Creation of Super Long Transversely Polarized Optical Needle Using Azimuthally Polarized Multi Gaussian Beam in that is

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Effect of dietary fibre on the gastrointestinal microbiota during critical illness:A scoping review

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 49-59页

作者： Angajendra N Ghosh Calum J Walsh Matthew J Maiden Tim P Stinear Adam M Deane Department of Intensive Care The Northern HospitalEpping 3076VictoriaAustralia Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourne 3052VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care Medicine The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia

The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly *** strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated *** changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota,the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain *** fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI *** aim of this scoping review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre supplementation in health and disease states,specifically during critical *** controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and reported changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were *** show dietary fibres have an impact on faecal microbiota in health and *** fibre,inulin,has a marked and specific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal *** chain fatty acids produced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other patient *** few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical *** research is necessary to establish optimal fibre type,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.

关键词： Gastrointestinal microbiota Dietary fibre Health Critical illness Short chain fatty acids

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Cooling the“Warming War”:Politics and Climate Change

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China Today 2023年第7期72卷 44-47页

作者： ROBERT WALKER the School of Sociology Beijing Normal University the royal society of arts and the Academy of Social Sciences in the U.K

IN its latest report,the World Meteorological Organization confirms what the world had been *** is a 98 percent chance that at least one of the next five years will be the hottest on ***,it is more than likely that the average temperature will exceed preindustrial levels by *** is important since higher temperatures for a sustained period may trigger irreversible and multiplicative processes that further disrupt the“harmony between humanity and nature.”

关键词： record. Meteorological harmony

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Human Rights Protection After the COVID-19 Pandemic

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China Today 2023年第11期72卷 20-22页

作者： ROBERT WALKER the School of Sociology Beijing Normal University the royal society of arts and the Academy of Social Sciences in the U.K.

To alleviate the extra suffering of people in the developing world caused by the pandemic, rich countries are called on to fulfill their legal and moral obligations to ensure that people there can also enjoy the right... 详细信息

关键词： legal Human suffering

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Birds of the Kangchenjunga Landscape,the Eastern Himalaya:status,threats and implications for conservation

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Avian Research 2018年第4期9卷 381-393页

作者： Pratikshya Kandel Ishana Thapa Nakul Chettri Rebecca Pradhan Eklabya Sharma International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development GPO Box 3226KathmanduNepal Bird Conservation Nepal KathmanduNepal royal society for Protection of Nature(RSPN) ThimphuBhutan

Birds are reliable and widely used indicators for conservation planning and monitoring. We reviewed birds of the Kangchenjunga Landscape, a transboundary complex shared by Bhutan, India and Nepal in the Eastern Himalaya. Using 119 literature, we analyzed the bird survey efforts in the landscape, their taxonomic representation, global threat status, distribution patterns, and habitat preferences. We also discussed the potential threats and conservation challenges and documented current conservation efforts and government policies. Most of the bird surveys are carried out in India followed by Nepal and Bhutan. A total of 618 bird species belonging to 19 orders and 77 families are recorded. Passeriformes is the dominant order that constitutes 62% of the total records listed from the landscape. Among the families, Muscicapidae is the most common and diversely represented family. There are 41 species of birds that are categorized as threatened under IUCN Red List. Of the total birds occurring in the landscape, the highest number of bird species(95%) was documented from India, followed by Nepal(55%) and Bhutan(34%). Of them, 24% of the species were found to occur in the tropical zone. Forested habitat is widely used by 63% of the total species followed by wetlands(16%). Despite promising policies and legal provisions, the landscape faces numerous challenges including habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting and trapping, unsustainable extraction of natural resources, invasive alien species, unregulated tourism and global climate change. We suggest protection and management of birds through strengthening Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, reduction in forest encroachment and habitat destruction, conservation awareness programmes and comprehensive bird surveys with long term monitoring to assess the impact of environmental change as some of the approaches to conserve the rich avifaunal diversity of the landscape.

关键词： Avifauna Transboundary landscape Nepal India Bhutan Biodiversity Conservation

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Still a Matter of Life and Death

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Beijing Review 2022年第51期65卷 26-27页

作者： Robert Walker China Academy of Social Management/School of Sociology Beijing Normal University the royal society of arts and the Academy of Social Sciences in the UK

Some 6.7 million people in 224 countries and jurisdictions have died from *** more will have perished without being diagnosed and others because they were denied treatment for other illnesses in overcrowded *** far,ap... 详细信息

关键词： cases treatment Still

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Poverty Alleviation The Chinese Way

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Beijing Review 2022年第35期65卷 30-31页

作者： Robert Walker China Academy of Social Management/School of Sociology Beijing Normal University the royal society of arts the Academy of Social Sciences in the UK

Poverty is a violation of human rights. This is because an inadequate command over economic resources curtails the basic freedoms necessary for human dignity. The 2015 agreement by all 193 member states of the UN to eradicate poverty by 2030 therefore marks a major milestone toward the fulfillment of human rights everywhere. However, human rights are delivered by actions, not international agreements.

关键词： Poverty everywhere delivered

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Resisting Economic Coercion

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China Today 2024年第6期73卷 20-23页

作者： ROBERT WALKER Green Templeton College University of Oxford The Jingshi Academy at Beijing Normal University The royal society of arts The Academy of Social Sciences

PROFESSOR Alena Douhan is a Special Rapporteur for the United Nations and a human rights *** visited China in May as part of her mandate to investigate the humanitarian consequences of the unilateral coercive measures imposed on China.“Unilateral coercive measures”are what other people tend to call sanctions-or trade embargoes or punitive *** her visit,Professor Douhan met government officials,representatives of the legislative and judicial branches,members of the diplomatic community and academia,and stakeholders from business and non-governmental organisations.

关键词： consequences imposed measures

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