检索结果-南通市图书馆

Capturing, protecting and restoring plant diversity in the UK: RBG kew and the Millennium Seed Bank

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 124-131页

作者： Ted Chapman Stephanie Miles Clare Trivedi royal botanic gardens kew

Ex situ seed banking is a practical and cost-effective means of preserving wild plant diversity and a crucial complement to the in situ conservation and restoration of species and habitats. As pressures on the natural environment have grown, so has the call for seed banks to provide scientifically-robust,practical solutions to seed-related problems in nature conservation, from single-species recovery and reintroduction to the restoration of complex, dynamic communities at the largest scales. In this paper, we discuss how the royal botanic gardens, kew and its Millennium Seed Bank have responded to this call in the United Kingdom. We demonstrate that banked seed collections can provide a range of otherwiseunavailable, high quality, known-origin, genetically-diverse biological materials. The data, expertise and specialist facilities that accompany these collections are also valuable, helping overcome constraints to the collection, production and effective use of native seed. Challenges remain-to ensure ex situ collections protect the species and genetic diversity that will enable plants to adapt to a changing environment, and to find new ways for seed banks to mobilise their resources at a landscape scale.

关键词： Seed banking Ex situ conservation botanic garden Species-reintroduction Ecological restoration Native seed production

The limitations of DNA-based approaches to species delimitation cannot be overcome by expanded sampling

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Zoological Systematics 2022年第2期47卷 165-167页

作者： Tom Wells Tom Carruthers Robert W.Scotland Department of Plant Sciences University of OxfordOxfordUK royal botanic gardens KewRichmondUK

Luo and Zhu(2022)write that“DNA-based integrative taxonomy”requires researchers to ensure they have sufficient sampling to justify the delimitation of a species.While we agree that sample size is an undeniably important aspect of species delimitation,this is neither unique to DNA-based approaches,nor sufficient on its own to address their limitations.As the authors also note,increasing sample size is not always practical.We would add that nor is it always necessary–many species are rare or narrow endemics(Willis&Undy Yule,1922)and the majority of new species are adequately described from only a few specimens(Goodwin et al.,2020).

关键词： limitations expanded overcome

Adapting the botanical landscape of Melbourne gardens(royal botanic gardens Victoria)in response to climate change

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 338-347页

作者： Timothy J.Entwisle Chris Cole Peter Symes royal botanic gardens Victoria

botanic gardens around the world maintain collections of living plants for science, conservation, education, beauty and more. These collections change over time-in scope and content-but the predicted impacts of climate change will require a more strategic approach to the succession of plant species and their landscapes. royal botanic gardens Victoria has recently published a 'Landscape Succession Strategy'for its Melbourne gardens, a spectacular botanical landscape established in 1846. The strategy recognizes that with 1.6 million visitors each year, responsibility for a heritage-listed landscape and the need to care for a collection of 8500 plant species of conservation and scientific importance, planting and planning must take into account anticipated changes to rainfall and temperature. The trees we plant today must be suitable for the climate of the twenty-second century. Specifically, the Strategy sets out the steps needed over the next twenty years to transition the botanic garden to one resilient to the climate modelled for2090. The document includes a range of practical measures and achievable(and at times somewhat aspirational) targets. Climate analogues will be used to identify places in Australia and elsewhere with conditions today similar to those predicted for Melbourne in 2090, to help select new species for the collection. Modelling of the natural and cultivated distribution of species will be used to help select suitable growth forms to replace existing species of high value or interest. Improved understanding of temperature gradients within the botanic garden, water holding capacity of soils and plant water use behaviour is already resulting in better targeted planting and irrigation. The goal is to retain a similar diversity of species but transition the collection so that by 2036 at least 75% of the species are suitable for the climate in 2090. Over the next few years we hope to provide 100% of irrigation water from sustainable water sources, and infrastructure will be improved to adapt to pred

关键词： Climate change Landscape succession botanic garden Living collection

The Role of a Modern botanic Garden:the Evolution of kew

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 31-38页

作者： David J.MABBERLEY royal botanic gardens Kew and University of Oxford

The history of botanic gardens in the United Kingdom is sketched out with particular reference to the royal botanic gardens kew and its changing role to meet societal requirements over 250 years.kew's position as a modern scientific institution confronting today's environmental issues through its Breathing Planet Programme yet retaining its heritage buildings and collections is pinpointed.

关键词： botanic gardens Breathing Planet Programme Joseph Banks Robert Brown Joseph Hooker William Hooker royal botanic gardens kew

The tropical-subtropical evergreen forest transition in East Asia:An exploration

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 255-280页

作者： Peter Ashton Hua Zhu Arnold Arboretum Harvard UniversityRoyal Botanic GardensKewUK Center for Integrative Biology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnanPR China

The transition from tropical to subtropical(warm temperate)evergreen forests is more clearly apparent in East Asia,fromNepal to the western Pacific coast,than elsewhere in the tropics.We review the nature of this transition and hypothesize the physical,ultimately climatic,factors thatmay maintain it,with a special focus on how the increasing instability and warming of climates will affect these forests.A primary climatic mediator of the transition is proposed,thereby offering a testable hypothesis for the climateeforest transition relationship.What is known of this transition is summarized in context of the primary climatic mediators of elevational zonation of forest formations in equatorial Asia to the tree line,in the Himalaya at the India-Indo-Burma northern tropical margin,and as both elevational and latitudinal zonation in southern China.Consequent secondary edaphic and other physical changes are described for the Himalaya,and hypothesized for southern China.The forest ecotones are seen to be primarily defined by tree floristic change,on which account changes in structure and physiognomy are determined.The montane tropical-subtropical transition in the Himalaya is narrowand observed to correlate with an as yet ill-defined frost line.A distinct tropical-subtropical transition forest is recognized in the southwest Chinamountains.There is a total change in canopy species at the Himalayan ecotone,but subcanopy tropical species persist along an elevational decline of c.400 m.The latitudinal transition in South China is analogous,but here the tropical subcanopy component extends north over ten degrees latitude,albeit in decline.The tropical-subtropical transition is uniquely clear in East Asia because here alone a tropical wet summer-dry winter monsoon extends to 35north latitude,encompassing the subtropical evergreen forest,whereas subtropical evergreen forests elsewhere exist under drier temperate summer climate regimes.

关键词： Tropical Subtropical Forest transition Ecotone East Asia

Taming the beast:a revised classification of Cortinariaceae based on genomic data

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Fungal Diversity 2022年第1期112卷 89-170页

作者： Kare Liimatainen Jan T.Kim Lisa Pokorny Paul M.Kirk Bryn Dentinger Tuula Niskanen Jodrell Laboratory Royal Botanic GardensKewSurrey TW93ABUK Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldHertfordshire AL109ABUK Institut Botànic de Barcelona(IBB CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona)08038 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis Jodrell LaboratoryRoyal Botanic GardensKewSurrey TW93ABUK Natural History Museum of Utah and School of Biological Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA botanical Museum University of HelsinkiP.O.Box 700014 HelsinkiFinland

Family Cortinariaceae currently includes only one genus,Cortinarius,which is the largest Agaricales genus,with thousands of species worldwide.The species are important ectomycorrhizal fungi and form associations with many vascular plant gen-era from tropicals to arctic regions.Genus Cortinarius contains a lot of morphological variation,and its complexity has led many taxonomists to specialize in particular on infrageneric groups.The previous attempts to divide Cortinarius have been shown to be unnatural and the phylogenetic studies done to date have not been able to resolve the higher-level classification of the group above section level.Genomic approaches have revolutionized our view on fungal relationships and provide a way to tackle difficult groups.We used both targeted capture sequencing and shallow whole genome sequencing to produce data and to perform phylogenomic analyses of 75 single-copy genes from 19 species.In addition,a wider 5-locus analysis of 245 species,from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres,was also done.Based on our results,a classification of the family Cortinariaceae into ten genera-Cortinarius,Phlegmacium,Thaxterogaster,Calonarius,Aureonarius,Cystinarius,Volvanarius,Hygronarius,Mystinarius,and Austrocortinarius-is proposed.Seven genera,10 subgenera,and four sec-tions are described as new to science and five subgenera are introduced as new combinations in a new rank.In addition,41 section names and 514 species names are combined in new genera and four lecto-and epitypes designated.The position of Stephanopus in suborder Agaricineae remains to be studied.Targeted capture sequencing is used for the first time in fungal taxonomy in Basidiomycetes.It provides a cost-efficient way to produce-omics data in species-rich groups.The-omics data was produced from fungarium specimens up to 21 years old,demonstrating the value of museum specimens in the study of the fungal tree of life.This study is the first family revision in Agaricales based on genomics data and hopefully many others will soon foll

关键词： Agaricales Fungariomics Fungi HybPiper Museomics Targeted capture sequencing Whole genome sequencing

Tropical deciduous forest in Yunnan,southwestern China:Implications for geological and climatic histories from a little-known forest formation

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Plant Diversity 2021年第6期43卷 444-451页

作者： Hua Zhu Peter Ashton Bojian Gu Shisun Zhou Yunhong Tan Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303PR China Arnold Arboretum Harvard University and Royal Botanic GardensKewUK

In the southern mountain ranges of Yunnan province,China,deep valleys of several large rivers create rain shadows with hot dry summers,and are locally designated tropical;towards the north,notably in the Lancang(Upper Mekong)valley,these regions may experience frost during winter.The woody forest canopy of these valleys is predominantly deciduous,with evergreen elements in the north,where the canopy is open and the forest savanna-like.However,we here present tall forest with a closed deciduous canopy and semi-evergreen subcanopy observed in hot dry valleys of these rivers and their tributaries in the tropical south.The structure and physiognomy of these forests resemble the tall(moist)deciduous forest formation widespread in South Asia and Indo-Burma.Furthermore,these forests are largely composed of tropical elements at both the generic(80%)and the species level(>70%),indicating that these forests are indeed tropical.We originally hypothesized that these isolated forests represent refugia of a pre-Holocene extension of tall(moist)deciduous forest formation of South Asia and Indo-Burma.The sample plot we established to test this hypothesis confirmed that these forests share the structure and physiognomy of the tall(moist)deciduous forest formation;however,the plots also showed that these forests lack the characteristic and dominant species of the formation's Indo-Burmese range.The tree flora,in particular,indicates that both deciduous and evergreen elements are instead mostly derived from the adjacent tropical semi-evergreen forests of tropical southern China;yet they also include an important endemic element,which implies that these forests have survived as refuges possibly since the Pliocene.The exceptional representation of evergreen elements in these forests indicates that they have rarely been subject to hot fires or domestic cattle browsing,adding to the unique nature of the forests and further justifying their strict conservation.

关键词： Floristic composition Physiognomy Biogeography Independent species assembly Tall deciduous forest Southwestern China

Conserving and restoring the Caicos pine forests: The first decade

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 75-83页

作者： Michele Dani Sanchez Bryan Naqqi Manco Junel Blaise Marcella Corcoran Martin Allen Hamilton The Herbarium Royal Botanic Gardens Department of Environment and Coastal Resources National Environmental Centre

The severe and rapid attack on the Caicos pine Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis(Pinaceae) by the nonnative invasive pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis, has resulted in the death of most of the trees in the Turks and Caicos Islands(TCI) in just over a decade. Local and international conservation efforts have enabled the necessary multi-disciplinary research, data gathering, and monitoring to develop and implement a restoration strategy for this endemic tree from the Bahaman archipelago. The native plant nursery established on North Caicos and horticultural expertise acquired throughout the years were crucial to the successful rescue of Caicos pine saplings from the wild populations and cultivation of new saplings grown from locally sourced seeds. These saplings have been used to establish six Restoration Trial Plots on Pine Cay and a seed orchard on North Caicos in TCI. Core Conservation Areas(CCAs) for the Caicos pine forests have been identified and mapped. To date, forest within the Pine Cay CCA has been supplemented by planting more than 450 pine trees, which have survived at a high(>80%)rate.

关键词： Pine forest restoration Plant nursery Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis Caribbean Conservation Turks and Caicos Islands

National botanical gardens at the forefront of global plant conservation

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Innovation 2023年第5期4卷 1-2页

作者： Hai Ren Alexandre Antonelli South China botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650China South China National botanical Garden Guangzhou 510650China royal botanic gardens KewRichmondLondonTW93AE SurreyUK Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgBox 46140530 GoteborgSweden|

Global changes in land use driven by demands on food,energy,and other resources in response to a rapidly increasing human population have collectively led to escalating environmental challenges,including biodiversity loss,global warming,environmental pollution,and ecosystem degradation.At present,biodiversity is seriously threatened at global,regional,and local scales,which,in turn,threatens our own survival.Biodiversity is a global asset of immense material and non-material value,providing us with food,medicine,building materials,fiber,and the ecological environment required for our well-being and health.

关键词： collective pollution seriously