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(DarkAI)Mapping the large-scale density field of dark matter using artificial intelligence

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 143-159页

作者： Zitong Wang Feng Shi Xiaohu Yang Qingyang Li Yanming Liu Xiaoping Li School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710126China Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomyand Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and Key Laboratory for Particle Physics Astrophysics and CosmologyMinistry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Astronomy University of EdinburghRoyal ObservatoryEdinburgh EH93HJUnited Kingdom

Herein,we present a deep-learning technique for reconstructing the dark-matter density field from the redshift-space distribution of dark-matter *** built a UNet-architecture neural network and trained it using the COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration fast simulation,which is an approximation of the N-body simulation with 5123 particles in a box size of 500 h^(-1)***,we tested the resulting UNet model not only with training-like test samples but also with standard N-body simulations,such as the Jiutian simulation with 61443particles in a box size of 1000 h^(-1)Mpc and the ELUCID simulation,which has a different *** real-space dark-matter density fields in the three simulations can be reconstructed reliably with only a small reduction of the cross-correlation power spectrum at 1%and 10%levels at k=0.1 and 0.3 h Mpc-1,*** reconstruction clearly helps to correct for redshift-space distortions and is unaffected by the different cosmologies between the training(Planck2018)and test samples(WMAP5).Furthermore,we tested the application of the UNet-reconstructed density field to obtain the velocity&tidal field and found that this approach provides better results compared with the traditional approach based on the linear bias model,showing a 12.2%improvement in the correlation slope and a 21.1%reduction in the scatter between the predicted and true ***,our method is highly efficient and has excellent extrapolation reliability beyond the training *** provides an ideal solution for determining the three-dimensional underlying density field from the plentiful galaxy survey data.

关键词： dark matter large-scale structure cosmology

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Genomic divergence and mutation load in the Begonia masoniana complex from limestone karsts

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Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 575-584页

作者： Yiqing Chen Lina Dong Huiqin Yi Catherine Kidner Ming Kang Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China Guangzhou 510650China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain Guangxi Institute of BotanyGuangxi Zhang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of SciencesGuilin 541006China Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences University of EdinburghDaniel Rutherford Building Max Born CrescentThe King's BuildingsEdinburgh EH93BFUK royal Botanic Garden edinburgh 20a Inverleith RowEdinburgh EH35LRUK State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

Understanding genome-wide diversity,inbreeding,and the burden of accumulated deleterious mutations in small and isolated populations is essential for predicting and enhancing population persistence and ***,these effects are rarely studied in limestone karst ***,we re-sequenced the nuclear genomes of 62 individuals of the Begonia masoniana complex(***,***,*** and ***)and investigated genomic divergence and genetic load for these four *** analyses revealed four distinct clusters corresponding to each species within the ***,there was only limited admixture between *** and *** occurring in overlapping geographic *** species experienced historical bottlenecks during the Pleistocene,which were likely caused by glacial climate *** detected an asymmetric historical gene flow between group pairs within this timeframe,highlighting a distinctive pattern of interspecific divergence attributable to karst geographic *** found that isolated populations of *** have limited gene flow,the smallest recent population size,the highest inbreeding coefficients,and the greatest accumulation of recessive deleterious *** findings underscore the urgency to prioritize conservation efforts for these isolated *** study is among the first to disentangle the genetic differentiation and specific demographic history of karst Begonia plants at the whole-genome level,shedding light on the potential risks associated with the accumulation of deleterious mutations over generations of ***,our findings may facilitate conservation planning by providing critical baseline genetic data and a better understanding of the historical events that have shaped current population structure of rare and endangered karst plants.

关键词： Conservation genomics Karst landscape Demographic history Inbreeding Isolated populations Mutation load

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Synchronous colorectal Iiver metastases: timing of resection and patterns of referral

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 242-243页

作者： Fiona Hand Stephen J.Wigmore Department of Clinical Surgery Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghUK

There remain no consensus guidelines on the optimum surgical strategy for the management of synchronous colorectal liver metastases in spite of a number of published reviews and meta-analyses(1,2).In their paper,Howard et *** the‘real world’referral patterns and resection pathways of Canadian surgeons for this challenging patient cohort(3).This is a timely and interesting area for *** was generated from an online survey sent out to all surgeons in *** were received from 58 surgeons but 6 responses were inadequate for analysis leaving 52 surgeon responses included for *** study does not indicate the total number of surgeons who were invited to participate and so the proportional response rate is *** all survey based-studies,the small number of respondents included does raise the question of inherent selection bias which cannot be *** addition,almost all included surgeons had access to hepatobiliary services,with over half reporting access to hepatobiliary surgeons within their own institutions,such availability would undoubtedly affect decision making in this *** information around the nature and scope of general surgical and surgical oncology training in Canada would have been useful in understanding the likely experience of *** this paper raises some interesting points in the management of patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases.

关键词： Canada colorectal doubt

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Duplicate publication bias weakens the validity of metaanalysis of immunosuppression after transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第39期23卷 7198-7200页

作者： Cameron J Fairfield Ewen M Harrison Stephen J Wigmore Department of Clinical Surgery University of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Duplicate publication can introduce significant bias into a meta-analysis if studies are inadvertently included more than once. Many studies are published in more than one journal to maximize readership and impact of the study findings. Inclusion of multiple publications of the same study within a meta-analysis affords inappropriate weight to the duplicated data if reports of the same study are not linked together. As studies which have positive findings are more likely to be published in multiple journals this leads to a potential overestimate of the benefits of an intervention. Recent advances in immunosuppression strategies following liver transplantation have led to many studies investigating immunosuppressive regimes including immunosuppression monotherapy. In this letter we focus on a recently published meta-analysis by Lan et al investigating studies assessing immunosuppression monotherapy for liver transplantation. The authors claim to have identified fourteen separate randomised studies investigating immunosuppression monotherapy. Seven of the references appear to relate to only three studies which have been subject to duplicate publication. Several similarities can be identified in each of the duplicate publications including similar authorship, identical immunosuppression regimes, identical dates of enrolment and citation of the original publication in the subsequent manuscripts. We discuss the evidence of the duplicate publication inclusion in the meta-analysis.

关键词： Liver transplantation Immunosuppression Meta-analysis Duplicate publication Bias

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The diagnostic conundrum in necrotizing otitis externa

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 59-65页

作者： Abiya A.Ahmed Shaan Rashid Vinay K.Gupta Neil C.Molony Keshav K.Gupta Bradford royal infirmary Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustWest BromwichWest YorkshireUK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust West BromwichUK Russells Hall Hospital DudleyUK

Necrotizing otitis externa(NOE)is an aggressive and fast‐evolving infection of the external auditory *** diagnoses and untreated cases can lead to severe,even fatal consequences and so early diagnosis and treatment are *** is a notoriously challenging diagnosis to *** is therefore important to understand what diagnostic modalities are available and how otolaryngologists can use them to accurately treat such an aggressive *** review aims to evaluate the different diagnostic options available in NOE and discuss their advantages and limitations,thus,providing an up‐to‐date picture of the multimodal approach required in the diagnosis of this disease.

关键词： diagnostic malignant otitis externa necrotizing osteomyelitis skull base osteomyelitis temporal bone osteomyelitis

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Lower limb stress fractures in sport:Optimising their management and outcome

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第3期8卷 242-255页

作者： Greg A J Robertson Alexander M Wood edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh Department of Orthopaedic Leeds General Infirmary

Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting *** 90%of such injuries are located in the lower *** articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to *** planning of this condition is specific to the location of the ***,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by"high"and"low"risk."Low risk"stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise *** include stress fractures of the PosteroMedial Tibial Diaphysis,Metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,Medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus."High risk"stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical *** include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth Metatarsal Base,Medial Malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe *** order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in *** this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to *** this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the *** case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting.

关键词： Fractures Lower Limb Sport Management Stress

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Efficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells with open-circuit voltage deficit below 0.4 V via hole-selective interface engineering

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2102-2110页

作者： Xiaoyu Ji Shuo Zhang Furong Yu Huidong Zhang Liqing Zhan Yue Hu Wei-Hong Zhu Yongzhen Wu Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials ChemistryFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China School of Chemistry University of EdinburghKing’s BuildingsEdinburghEH93FJUK

Wide-bandgap mixed-halide perovskite solar cells(WBG-PSCs)are promising top cells for efficient tandem photovoltaics to achieve high power conversion efficiency(PCE)at low ***,the open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of WBG-PSCs is still unsatisfactory as the V_(OC)-deficit is generally larger than 0.45 ***,we report a buried interface engineering strategy that substantially improves the V_(OC)of WBG-PSCs by inserting amphiphilic molecular hole-selective materials featuring with a cyanovinyl phosphonic acid(CPA)anchoring group between the perovskite and *** assembly and redistribution of CPA-based amphiphilic molecules at the perovskite-substrate buried interface not only promotes the growth of a low-defect crystalline perovskite thin film,but also suppresses the photo-induced halide phase *** energy level alignment between wide-bandgap perovskite and the hole-selective layer is further improved by modulating the substituents on the triphenylamine donor moiety(methoxyls for MPA-CPA,methyls for Me PA-CPA,and bare TPA-CPA).Using a 1.68 e V bandgap perovskite,the Me PA-CPA-based devices achieved an unprecedentedly high V_(OC)of 1.29 V and PCE of 22.3%under standard AM 1.5 *** V_(OC)-deficit(<0.40 V)is the lowest value reported for *** work not only provides an effective approach to decreasing the V_(OC)-deficit of WBG-PSCs,but also confirms the importance of energy level alignment at the charge-selective layers in PSCs.

关键词： cyanovinyl phosphonic acid energy level alignment hole-selective material open-circuit voltage wide-bandgap perovskite

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Is Helicobacter pylori infection protective against esophageal cancer?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第38期30卷 4168-4174页

作者： Rick Maity Arkadeep Dhali Jyotirmoy Biswas General Medicine Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and ResearchKolkata 700020India Department of Gastroenterology Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustRoyal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield S102JFUnited Kingdom School of Medicine and Population Health University of SheffieldSheffield S102HQUnited Kingdom Deanery of Clinical Sciences University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Department of General Medicine College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta HospitalKolkata 700058India

Helicobacter pylori(***)infection affects a substantial proportion of the global population and causes various gastric disorders,including gastric *** studies have found an inverse relationship between *** infection and eso-phageal cancer(EC),suggesting a protective role against *** editorial focuses on the possible mechanisms underlying the role of *** infection in EC and explores the role of gut microbiota in esophageal carcinogenesis and the prac-ticality of *** *** has two major subtypes:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC),which have different etiologies and risk *** microbiota can contribute to EC via inflammation-induced carcinogenesis,immunomodulation,lactagenesis,and genotoxin *** infection is said to be inversely related to EAC,protecting against EAC by inducing atrophic gastritis,altering serum ghrelin levels,and triggering cancer cell *** *** infection has no significant association with ESCC,COX-2-1195 polymorphisms and endogenous nitrosamine production can impact the risk of ESCC in ***-infected *** are concerns regarding a plausible increase in EC after *** eradication ***,*** eradication is not associated with an increased risk of EC,making it safe from an EC perspective.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter pylori infection Esophageal cancer Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Esophageal adenocarcinoma Barrett’s esophagus Microbiota Dysbiosis Eradication

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Hip hemi-arthroplasty for neck of femur fracture:What is the current evidence?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第11期9卷 235-244页

作者： Greg AJ Robertson Alexander M Wood edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Orthopaedic Department Leeds General Infirmary

This editorial reviews and summarises the current evidence(meta-analyses and Cochrane reviews) relating to the use of hip hemi-arthroplasty for neck of femur fractures. Regarding the optimal surgical approach,two recent meta-analyses have found that posterior approaches are associated with: higher rates of dislocation compared to lateral and anterior approaches; and higher rates of re-operation compared to lateral approaches. Posterior approaches should therefore be avoided when performing hip hemi-arthroplasty procedures. Assessing the optimal prosthesis head component,three recent meta-analyses and one Cochrane review have found that while unipolar hemiarthroplasty can be associated with increased rates of acetabular erosion at short-term follow-up(up to 1 year),there is no significant difference between the unipolar hemi-arthroplasty and bipolar hemi-arthroplasty for surgical outcome,complication profile,functional outcome and acetabular erosion rates at longer-term follow-up(2 to 4 years). With bipolar hemi-arthroplasty being the more expensive prosthesis,unipolar hemi-arthroplasty is the recommended option. With regards to the optimal femoral stem insertion technique,three recent metaanalyses and one Cochrane Review have found that,while cemented hip hemi-arthroplasties are associated with a longer operative time compared to uncemented Hip Hemi-arthroplasties,cemented prostheses have lower rates of implant-related complications(particularly peri-prosthetic femoral fracture) and improved postoperative outcome regarding residual thigh pain and mobility. With no significant difference found between the two techniques for medical complications and mortality,cemented hip hemi-arthroplasty would appear to be the superior technique. On the topic of wound closure,one recent meta-analysis has found that,while staples can result in a quicker closure time,there is no significant difference in post-operative infections rates or wound healing outcomes when comparing staples

关键词： Hemi-arthroplasty Prosthesis Stem Head Hip Femoral Neck Fracture Cement

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Return to sport following tibial plateau fractures: A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第7期8卷 574-587页

作者： Greg A J Robertson Seng J Wong Alexander M Wood edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Orthopaedic Department Leeds General Infirmary

AIM To systemically review all studies reporting return to sport following tibial plateau fracture, in order to provide information on return rates and times to sport, and to assess variations in sporting outcome for different treatment *** A systematic search of CINAHAL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science was performed in January 2017 using the keywords "tibial", "plateau", "fractures", "knee", "athletes", "sports", "non-operative", "conservative", "operative", "return to sport". All studies which recorded return rates and times to sport following tibial plateau fractures were included. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included: 1 was a randomised controlled trial, 7 were prospective cohort studies, 16 were retrospective cohort studies, 3 were case series. One study reported on the outcome of conservative management(n = 3); 27 reported on the outcome of surgical management(n = 917). Nine studies reported on Open Reduction Internal Fixation(ORIF)(n = 193), 11 on Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction Internal Fixation(ARIF)(n = 253) and 7 on Frame-Assisted Fixation(FRAME)(n = 262). All studies recorded "return to sport"rates. Only one study recorded a "return to sport" time. The return rate to sport for the total cohort was 70%. For the conservatively-managed fractures, the return rate was 100%. For the surgically-managed fractures, the return rate was 70%. For fractures managed with ORIF, the return rate was 60%. For fractures managed with ARIF, the return rate was 83%. For fractures managed with FRAME was 52%. The return rate for ARIF was found to be significantly greater than that for ORIF(OR 3.22, 95%CI: 2.09-4.97, P < 0.001) and for FRAME(OR 4.33, 95%CI: 2.89-6.50, P < 0.001). No difference was found between the return rates for ORIF and FRAME(OR 1.35, 95%CI: 0.92-1.96, P = 0.122). The recorded return time was 6.9 mo(median), from a study reporting on *** Return rates to sport for tibial pl

关键词： Tibial Plateau Fracture Knee Return Sport Rate Time

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