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Two decades of fire activity over the PEEX domain:a look from space,with contribution from models and ground-based measurements

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Big Earth Data 2024年第2期8卷 350-396页

作者： Larisa Sogacheva Timo H.Virtanen Anu-Maija Sundström Pekka Kolmonen Mikhail Sofiev Hanna K.Lappalainen Antti Arola Finnish Meteorological Institute Climate Research ProgrammeHelsinkiFinland Finnish Meteorological Institute Space and Earth Observation CentreHelsinkiFinland Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

It has been suggested that forest fires will become more frequent/intense with changing climate,which would increase aerosol/gas emissions into the atmosphere.A better under-standing of the relations between meteorological conditions,fires,and fire emissions will help estimate the climate response via forest *** this study,we use ERA5 meteor-ological products,including temperature,precipitation,and soil moisture,to explain the frequency of forest fires and the amount of radiant energy released per time unit by burning vegetation(fire radiative power,FRP).We explore the relation-ships between satellite-retrieved fire products and aerosol properties(aerosol optical depth,AOD),carbon monoxide(CO),formaldehyde(HCHO),and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))con-centrations over the PEEX domain,which covers different vegetation zones(***/grasslands,forest,arctic tun-dra)of Pan-Eurasia and *** analyse the concentrations of black carbon and absorbing organic carbon using groundbased AErosol RObotic *** analysis covers the months of May to August from 2002 to *** show posi-tive temperature trends in the Northern zone(>65°N)in June and August(1.56°C and 0.64°C,respectively);all statistically significant trends for precipitation and soil moisture are *** can explain increased fire activity in Siberia over the recent years(2019-2022).Over the whole PEEX domain,FC and FRP trends remain insignificant or negative;a decrease in AOD may address those negative *** show that intrasummer variations exist for cropland/grassland fires,which occur most often in May and August,while Siberian forest fires occur more often in July and *** show that CO concentration has been gradually decreasing in the last two decades in May and *** trends are negative in May,June,and over summer for all regions,in July in Europe,China,the Southern zone(<55°N),and the PEEX *** trends are not significant in all ***_(2)trends are positive in May and

关键词： PEEX wild fires satellite trend enhancement ratios

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Phosphorus requirements for containerized Pterocarpus indicus seedlings

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Journal of Forestry research 2015年第3期26卷 657-662页

作者： Eng Hai Lok Bernard Dell Forest Plantation programme Forest Research Institute Malaysia 52109 Kepong Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityPerth 6150 Australia

Pterocarpus indicus Willd is a tropical woody legume that holds promise for plantation forestry. Two glasshouse experiments were undertaken on two soil types to determine the phosphorus （P） concentration ranges in the foliage of P-stressed and healthy plants, and to define cri- tical P concentrations for the diagnosis of deficiency and toxicity. There was a narrow range in rates of P fertilizer, supplied as Ca（H2PO4）2.H2O, between deficiency and toxicity compared to other tree species. The relationship between shoot yield and P concentration in the youngest fully expanded leaf enabled critical P concentrations for the diagnosis of deficiency （0.17 %） and toxicity （0.41%） to be determined at 90 % maximum yield from linear re- gressions fitted to the data. The foliar P concentration ranges for deficiency and toxicity were similar to other nitrogen-fixing trees. The defined P concentration ranges and the critical P concentrations for the diagnosis of P deficiency and P toxicity should be useful for monitoring the P status of nursery stock and the health of young seedlings after out-planting.

关键词： Deficiency Diagnosis Nutrition Symptoms Toxicity

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Testing a passive tracking index for monitoring the endangered Ethiopian wolf

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 172-178页

作者： Paul EVANGELISTA Richard ENGEMAN Lucy TALLENTS Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA National Wildlife research Center Fort CollinsColoradoUSA Ethiopian Wolf Conservation programme Wildlife Conservation Research UnitOxford UniversityUK

The endangered Ethiopian wolf is considered the rarest canid in *** species faces many threats and is particularly vulnerable to diseases such as rabies.A simple,low-technology means to monitor populations would greatly facilitate conservation efforts,through early detection of population changes and behavior,and signaling a need for *** tested a passive tracking index methodology,which has been a valuable tool for indexing canids and other species around the *** method uses counts of track intrusions into plots placed in the animals’routes of travel as the basis for calculating an *** for other species,for which the placement of tracking plots on dirt roads has been extremely successful,we found in our first trial that this approach did not adequately intersect the wolves’activity *** low vegetation associated with Afro-alpine habitats offered little benefit for the wolves to travel ***,in our second trial among molerat colonies,a focus of wolf foraging activity,we found plot placement on molerat mounds was efficient for collecting Ethiopian wolf plot intrusions for index *** plot placement method coupled with the passive tracking index calculations might offer resource managers a cost efficient tool that requires minimal equipment to monitor Ethiopian wolf populations on the Sanetti Plateau and other Afro-alpine *** placement on roads in other Ethiopian wolf habitats where cross-country travel is more difficult might still be a viable means to collect track data,but would require further testing.

关键词： endangered species population abundance population monitoring Simien fox Simien jackal.

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Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy

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Journal of Forestry research 2024年第1期35卷 168-182页

作者： Alessandra Pacini Francesco Pelleri Francesco Marini Alberto Maltoni Barbara Mariotti Gianluigi Mazza Maria Chiara Manetti Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironmentand ForestryUniversity of Florence50144 FlorenceItaly CREA research Centre for Forestry and Wood 52100 ArezzoItaly PEFC programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification 06135 PerugiaItaly

On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where Maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed *** each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration *** results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of *** differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock *** most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration ***,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its *** findings identified medium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable *** forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years.

关键词： Agroforestry Stand structure Regeneration Tree biodiversity Grazing intensity

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Implementation planning for lung cancer screening in China

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2019年第1期2卷 13-44页

作者： Yue I.Cheng Michael P.A.Davies Dan Liu Weimin Li John K.Field lung cancer research Group Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineInstitute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building6 West Derby StreetLiverpool L78TXUnited Kingdom Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China,with over 690000 lung cancer deaths estimated in *** mortality has increased about five-fold from the mid-1970s to the *** cancer lowdose computerized tomography(LDCT)screening in smokers was shown to improve survival in the US National lung Screening Trial,and more recently in the European NELSON ***,although the predominant risk factor,smoking contributes to a lower fraction of lung cancers in China than in the UK and ***,it is necessary to establish Chinese-specific screening *** have been 23 associated programmes completed or still ongoing in China since the 1980s,mainly after 2000;and one has recently been ***,their entry criteria are not *** of the Chinese programmes have reported preliminary results only,which demonstrated a different high-risk subpopulation of lung cancer in *** concerning LDCT screening implementation is based on results of randomized controlled trials outside *** screening programmes combining tobacco control would produce more *** recruitment(***-based selection),screening protocol,nodule management and costeffectiveness are discussed in *** China,the high-risk subpopulation eligible for lung cancer screening has not as yet been confirmed,as all the risk parameters have not as yet been *** evidence on best practice for implementation of lung cancer screening has been accumulating in other countries,further research in China is urgently required,as China is now facing a lung cancer epidemic.

关键词： lung cancer China screening recommendation low-dose computerized tomography risk factor tobacco control pulmonary nodule management

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Modelling vehicular interactions for heterogeneous traffic flow using cellular automata with position preference

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2017年第3期25卷 163-177页

作者： Gaurav Pandey K.Ramachandra Rao Dinesh Mohan Department of Civil Engineering and Transportation research and Injury Prevention programme Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Shiv Nadar University

This paper proposes and validates a modified cellular automata model for determining interaction rate （i.e. number of car-following/overtaking instances） using traffic flow data measured in the field. The proposed model considers lateral position preference by each vehicle type and introduces a position preference parameter fl in the model which facilitates gradual drifting towards preferred position on road, even if the gap in front is sufficient. Additionally, the model also improves upon the conven- tional model by calculating safe front and back gap dynamically based on speed and deceleration properties of leader and follower vehicles. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the effect of β on vehicular interac- tions and the model was calibrated and validated using interaction rates observed in the field. Paired tests were conducted to determine the determining interaction rates validity of the model in Results of the simulations show that there is a parabolic relationship between area occupancy and interaction rate of different vehicle types. The model performed satisfactorily as the simulated interaction rate between different vehicle types were found to be statistically similar to those observed in field. Also, as expected, the interaction rate between light motor vehicles （LMVs） and heavy motor vehicles （HMVs） were found to be higher than that between LMVs and three wheelers because LMVs and HMVs share the same lane. This could not be done using conventional CA models as lateral movement rules were dictated by only speeds and gaps. So, in conventional models, the vehicles would end up in positions which are not realistic. The position preference parameter introduced in this model motivates vehicles to stay in their preferred positions. This study demonstrates the use of interaction rate as a measure to validate micro- scopic traffic flow models.

关键词： Cellular automata Vehicular interaction ratePosition preference Traffic flow modelling Video-graphic survey

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Epithelium-specific ets transcription factor 2 upregulates cytokeratin 18 expression in pulmonary epithelial cells through an interaction with cytokeratin 18 intron 1

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Cell research 2005年第6期15卷 423-429页

作者： Deanna YANIW,Jim HU programme in lung Biology research and the Canadian Institutes of Health research Group in lung Development 24] Canada M5S 1A 8] Canada M5S 1A Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada M5G 1X8 Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto programme in lung Biology research and the Canadian Institutes of Health research Group in lung Development Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada M5G 1X8 Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Canada M5S 1A1 Departments of Paediatrics University of Toronto Toronto Canada M5S 1A1 Laboratory Medicine and Pathbiology University of Toronto Toronto

The role of Ese-2, an Ets family transcription factor, in gene regulation is not known. In this study, the interactionbetween Ese-2 and cytokeratin 18 (K18) intron 1 was characterized in lung epithelial cells. Reporter gene assays showedEse-2 was able to upregulate K18 intron 1 enhanced reporter gene expression by approximately 2-fold. We found thatfull length Ese-2 did not bind DNA strongly, therefore truncated versions of the protein, containing the ETS domain orPointed domain, were created and tested in electrophoresis mobility shift assays. Multiple interactions between the ETSdomain and putative DNA binding sites within K18 intron 1 were observed, which led to the determination of a possibleEse-2 DNA binding consensus sequence. These experiments suggest that Ese-2 could play a role in the regulation ofK18 expression in lung epithelial cells.

关键词： transcription factor epithelial cells cytokeratin 18 airway gene regulation.

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Building Resilience Through Disaster Waste Management——UN Environment's Experiences and Approaches

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工程科学与技术 2018年第3期50卷 15-23页

作者： PRADHAN Mahesh XU Qing International Environmental Technology Centre United Nations Environment Programme Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences

Integrating disaster waste issue is a critical component of making humanitarian action fit for the future,anticipating global risks and challenges such as increased vulnerability due to climate change and environmental *** requires a fundamental shift towards a model that not only strengthens the response to crises but also learns and adapts in order to anticipate and act before such waste *** article conducted analyses on the characteristics of disasters in the past two *** confound disaster waste management,including the timing and magnitude of each disaster,and the amounts and types of waste that will be *** these reasons alone,disaster waste management must be an integral part of development planning and *** 10 years since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,this article highlights that disaster waste management is not only debris clearance or waste management following a disaster,but also includes prevention and pre-disaster preparedness aspects in terms of enhancing resilience of local ***"mainstreaming,"ensures that disaster waste management(DWM)will be treated as a priority issue,on an ongoing *** on UN Environment's experiences and approaches,this paper emphasises that preparedness is the key,and that priority should be accorded to integrating disaster contingency planning in national and city level waste management strategies as well as mainstreaming waste management issues within broader disaster preparedness and response plans and *** is envisaged that the issues presented and the gaps identified in this paper will provide a basis for future comprehensive and cohesive research on disaster waste *** turn,this research can lead to better preparedness and response on disaster waste management.

关键词： disaster waste disaster risk reduction waste management Sendai Framework

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Themis regulates metabolic signaling and effector functions in CD4^(+) T cells by controlling NFAT nuclear translocation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第9期18卷 2249-2261页

作者： Mukul Prasad Joanna Brzostek Namrata Gautam Renu Balyan Vasily Rybakin Nicholas R.J.Gascoigne Translational Immunology programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore5 Science Drive 2Singapore 117545Singapore Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore5 Science Drive 2Singapore 117545Singapore H.Lee Moffitt cancer Center and research Institute TampaFLUSA Torque Therapeutics CambridgeMAUSA

Themis is a T cell lineage-specific molecule that is involved in TCR signal *** effects of germline Themis deletion on peripheral CD4^(+)T cell function have not been described *** this study,we found that Themis-deficient CD4^(+)T cells had poor proliferative responses,reduced cytokine production in vitro and weaker inflammatory potential,as measured by their ability to cause colitis in *** T cells are quiescent,whereas activated T cells have high metabolic *** of these metabolic demands depends upon nutrient availability and upregulation of nutrient intake channels after efficient TCR signal transduction,which leads to metabolic reprogramming in T *** tested whether defects in effector functions were caused by impaired metabolic shifts in Themis-deficient CD4^(+)T cells due to inefficient TCR signal transduction,in turn caused by the lack of *** found that upon TCR stimulation,Themis-deficient CD4^(+)T cells were unable to upregulate the expression of insulin receptor(IR),glucose transporter(GLUT1),the neutral amino acid transporter CD98 and the mTOR pathway,as measured by c-Myc and pS6 *** analysis of activated Themis-deficient CD4^(+)T cells showed more oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)than aerobic glycolysis,indicating defective metabolic ***,we found reduced NFAT translocation in Themis-deficient CD4^(+)T cells upon TCR *** previously reported ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data,we found that NFAT nuclear translocation controls IR gene ***,our results describe an internal circuit between TCR signal transduction,NFAT nuclear translocation,and metabolic signaling in CD4^(+)T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism NFAT nuclear translocation Insulin receptor mTOR Mitochondria

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Development of a Cell-based Model to Derive Direct Runoff Hydrographs for Ungauged Mountainous Basins

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第4期4卷 309-320页

作者： P. B. Hunukumbura S.B. Weerakoon Srikantha Herath Disaster Prevention research Institute Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Dept. of Civil Engineering University of Peradeniya Sri Lanka Environment and Sustainable Development programme United Nations University Tokyo Japan

A model to derive direct runoff hydrograph for an ungauged basin using the physical properties of the basin is presented. The basin is divided into grid cells and canal elements. Overland flow is generated from each grid cell of the basin by application of continuous effective rainfall of I mm/hr to the basin, The flow generated is routed through downstream grid cells and the canal elements using the kinematic wave approach. The travel time for direct runoff from each grid cell to the basin outlet is calculated and the S-curve is derived for the basin. The S-curve is used to derive the unit hydrograph of a given duration for the basin. The model, referred as Cell-basin model was applied to the Upper Kotmale Basin in Sri Lanka and the model predictions of direct runoff hydrographs for rainfall events agreed with the observations to a reasonable accuracy. Comparison of the unit hydrographs obtained from the model and from the conventional Snyder＇s synthetic unit hydrograph using regionalized parameters assuming the basin as an ungauged basin, with the unit hydrograph derived from the observations showed that the model predicted unit hydrograph was more suitable than that obtained by Snyder＇s method for Sri Lankan up country basins. Thus, the present model is a useful tool to obtain direct runoff hydrograph for ungauged basins.

关键词： Ungauged basin GIS unit hydrograph mountainous basin direct runoff hydrograph model cell-based model cell-basin model

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