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Kilometer-resolution three-dimensional crustal deformation of Tibetan Plateau from InSAR and GNSS

Science China earth sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1818-1835页

作者： Chuanjin LIU Lingyun JI Liangyu ZHU Caijun XU Chaoying ZHAO Zhong LU Qingliang WANG School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China The Second monitoring and Application Center China Earthquake AdministrationXi’an 710054China College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China roy m.huffington department of earth sciences Southern Methodist UniversityDallasTX 75025USA

Located at the forefront of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates,the Tibetan Plateau experiences intense crustal *** ground-based geodetic monitoring,such as GNSS and leveling,is challenging,due to factors such as high altitude and harsh climate,making it difficult to accurately determine a high-resolution crustal deformation field of the *** by ground observation conditions,InSAR technique has key advantages for obtaining extensive and high-resolution crustal deformation *** makes it indispensable for crustal deformation monitoring on the Tibetan *** study used Sentinel-1 data from 2014 to 2020 to compute the ascending and descending InSAR deformation fields for the Tibetan *** was conducted with a measurement accuracy of approximately 3 mm/*** upon this,we integrated InSAR and GNSS data to yield kilometer-resolution three-dimensional(3D)crustal deformation and strain rate fields for the Tibetan Plateau.A spherical wavelet analysis was used to decompose the 3D deformation field and separate the nontectonic crustal deformation to increase the strength of the tectonic deformation ***-wavelength(m)deformations match the distribution of fault movement,post-seismic deformations,and other non-tectonic *** wavelength(>110 km)deformation mainly results from subsidence in the central plateau and uplifts along the Himalayan *** indicates that the Tibetan Plateau may have stopped the entire uplift and entered a local collapse ***,the deformation fields at different spatial scales reveal that the plateau exhibits discontinuous deformation in short wavelengths and continuous deformation in long *** findings of this study contribute to resolving the controversy between the Block and Continuum Deformation models of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau InSAR GNSS 3D Deformation Deformation model

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联合InSAR和GNSS构建青藏高原千米分辨率三维地壳形变场

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第6期54卷 1845-1862页

作者：刘传金季灵运朱良玉许才军赵超英 Zhong LU 王庆良武汉大学测绘学院武汉430079 中国地震局第二监测中心西安710054 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院西安710054 roy m.huffington department of earth sciences Southern Methodist UniversityDallasTX 75025USA

青藏高原位于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的前沿地带,地壳运动十分活跃.受高海拔、高寒气候等因素的限制,以地面观测站为代表的传统大地测量监测较为困难,因此至今青藏高原的高空间分辨率地壳形变场尚未精确测定. InSAR技术不受地面观测条... 详细信息

青藏高原位于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的前沿地带,地壳运动十分活跃.受高海拔、高寒气候等因素的限制,以地面观测站为代表的传统大地测量监测较为困难,因此至今青藏高原的高空间分辨率地壳形变场尚未精确测定. InSAR技术不受地面观测条件限制,能够获得大范围、高空间分辨率的地壳形变场,在青藏高原地壳形变监测领域具有不可替代的优势.本文利用2014~2020年的Sentinel-1卫星SAR数据,计算了青藏高原升降轨InSAR形变场,测量精度约为3mm/a.在此基础上,融合InSAR与GNSS数据,获取了覆盖青藏高原的千米分辨率三维地壳形变场和应变率场.通过球面小波多尺度分析,将三维形变场分解出不同波长的形变,其中波长小于110km的形变主要来自断层运动、震后形变和其他非构造形变,大于110km的形变主要来自大范围的构造运动.研究结果显示,高原中部地区呈现大范围下沉,而喜马拉雅弧地区则呈现明显隆升,这表明青藏高原可能已经停止了整体隆升并进入了局部坍塌阶段.此外,不同空间尺度的三维形变场表明,青藏高原在短波长变形中表现为非连续形变,在长波长中则表现为连续形变.本文研究结果有助于调节青藏高原块体变形模型和连续变形模型之间的争议.

关键词：青藏高原 InSAR GNSS 三维形变形变模型

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Earliest megafossils of scandent calamoid palms from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India and their paleobiogeographic implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 509-527页

作者： Sanchita Kumar Kaustav roy Robert A.Spicer mahasin Ali Khan Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia-723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303Yunnan ProvinceChina School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Two well-preserved petrified palm stems from the latest maastrichtian(Late Cretaceous) to earliest Danian(Early Paleocene) sediments of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of madhya Pradesh, Central India are described. Their significant anatomical characteristics include a Calamus-type general stem pattern,the presence of well-preserved fibrovascular bundles(fvbs) with two wide metaxylem vessel elements(230 μm-250 μm) and one phloem strand, uniform density of fvbs, lack of continuity between protoxylem and metaxylem vessel elements, and an absence of centrifugal differentiation of sclerenchymatous fibrous *** features reveal a close resemblance to those of extant genera of scandent Calamoideae. The permineralized stems are described as a new species namely, Palmoxylon calamoides Kumar, roy et Khan sp. *** fossils represent the oldest reliable fossil records of this family, supporting their Gondwanan origin, their importance in tracing their migration pathways from India to Europe and other continents after the docking of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasia during the Paleocene, and an “Out-of-India” dispersal hypothesis. Today the subfamily Calamoideae is disjunctly occurred in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and South America, but the poor deep-time fossil record of this subfamily with a small number of Cenozoic fossils makes hypotheses concerning its origin and dispersal difficult to evaluate. The present study has significant implications for the origin and migration of this subfamily and the paleoclimate.

关键词： Scandent Calamoideae Stem anatomy K-Pg Paleobiogeography Paleoclimate Central India

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multi-dimensional and long-term time series monitoring and early warning of landslide hazard with improved cross-platform SAR offset tracking method

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 1891-1912页

作者： YIN YuePing LIU XiaoJie ZHAO ChaoYing TOmÁS Roberto ZHANG Qin LU Zhong LI Bin China Institute of Geo-environment monitoring Beijing 100081China School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China department of Civil Engineering University of AlicanteAlicante 03080Spain Key Laboratory of Western China’s mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of EducationXi’an 710054China roy m.huffington department of earth sciences Southern Methodist UniversityDallas TX 75275USA Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China

multi-dimensional, long-term time series displacement monitoring is crucial for generating early warnings for active landslides and for mitigating geohazards. The synthetic aperture radar(SAR) interferometry method has been widely applied to achieve small-gradient landslide displacement monitoring;however, measuring the landslide displacement with a steep gradient has posed certain challenges. In comparison, the SAR offset tracking method is a powerful tool for mapping large-gradient landslide displacement in both the slant-range and azimuth directions. Nevertheless, there are some limitations in the existing SAR offset tracking approaches:(i) the measurement accuracy is greatly reduced by the extreme topography relief in high mountain areas,(ii) a fixed matching window from expert experience is usually adopted in the calculation of cross-correlation,(iii) estimating the long-term displacements between the SAR images from cross-platforms and with longer spatiotemporal baselines is a challenging task, and(iv) it is difficult to calculate the three-dimensional(3D) landslide displacements using a single SAR ***, only a few studies have focused on how to realize early warning of landslide deformation using SAR *** address these issues, this paper presents an improved cross-platform SAR offset tracking method, which can not only estimate high-precision landslide displacements in two and three dimensions but also calculate long-term time series displacements over a decade using cross-platform SAR offset tracking measurements. Initially, we optimize the traditional SAR offset tracking workflow to estimate high-precision ground displacements, in which three improvements are highlighted:(i) an“ortho-rectification” operation is applied to restrain the effect of topography relief,(ii) an “adaptive matching window” is adopted in the cross-correlation computation, and(iii) a new strategy is proposed to combine all the possible offset pairs and optima

关键词： landslide multi-dimensional displacement displacement forecasting early warning SAR offset tracking

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燃烧源氨排放对灰霾期间北京大气铵的重要贡献

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Science Bulletin 2024年第7期69卷 978-987页

作者：吴礼彬王芃张强任红 Zongbo Shi 胡伟陈静谢巧蓉李林杰越思瑶韦莲芳宋琳琳张永根王子涵陈爽韦琬王小曼章炎麟孔少飞葛宝珠杨婷方运霆任露洁邓君俊孙业乐王自发张宏亮胡建林刘丛强 roy m.Harrison Qi Ying 傅平青 Institute of Surface-earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China department of Atmospheric and Oceanic sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China ministry of Education Key Laboratory for earth System modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Air Environmental modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institute Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Division of Environmental Health&Risk management School of GeographyEarth&Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110164China Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment ChangeNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China department of Atmospheric sciences School of Environmental Studies and Department of Environmental Science and TechnologySchool of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China department of Environmental sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Zachr

Aerosol ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia(NH_(3))with acids in the atmosphere,has significant impacts on air pollution,radiative forcing,and human *** the source and formation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)can provide scientific insights into air quality ***,the sources of NH_(3)in urban areas are not well understood,and few studies focus on NH_(3)/NH_(4)^(+)at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer,which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH_(4)^(+).In this study,we perform both field observation and modeling studies(the Community multiscale Air Quality,CmAQ)to investigate regional NH_(3)emission sources and vertically resolved NH_(4)^(+)formation mechanisms during the winter in *** stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CmAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH_(3)emissions,including fossil fuel sources,NH_(3)slip,and biomass burning,are important sources of aerosol NH_(4)^(+)with more than 60%contribution occurring on heavily polluted *** contrast,volatilization-related NH_(3)sources(livestock breeding,N-fertilizer application,and human waste)are dominant on clean ***-related NH_(3)is mostly local from Beijing,and biomass burning is likely an important NH_(3)source(~15%–20%)that was previously *** effective control strategies such as the two-product(e.g.,reducing both SO_(2)and NH_(3))control policy should be considered to improve air quality.

关键词： Particulate ammonium Nitrogen isotope Pm2.5 The Community multiscale Air Quality(CmAQ) Control policy

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Performance validation of High mountain Asia 8-meter Digital Elevation model using ICESat-2 geolocated photons

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2562-2578页

作者： Giribabu DANDABATHULA Subham roy Omkar Shashikant GHATAGE Vaibhav Balaso KOLASE Shwetambari SATPUTE Koushik GHOSH Sahibnoor KAUR Satyanarayana PONDARI Apurba Kumar BERA Sushil Kumar SRIVASTAV Regional Remote Sensing Centre-West National Remote Sensing CentreIndian Space Research OrganisationJodhpur 342005India department of Geography School of Earth SciencesBharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024India Centre for Climate Change and Water Research Suresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJaipur 302017India department of Geography Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India National Remote Sensing Centre Indian Space Research OrganisationHyderabad 500037India Regional Centres National Remote Sensing CentreIndian Space Research OrganisationNew Delhi 110049India

High mountain Asia(HmA),recognized as a third pole,needs regular and intense studies as it is susceptible to climate *** accurate and high-resolution Digital Elevation model(DEm)for this region enables us to analyze it in a 3D environment and understand its intricate role as the Water Tower of *** science teams of NASA realized an 8-m DEm using satellite stereo imagery for HmA,termed HmA 8-m *** this research,we assessed the vertical accuracy of HmA 8-m DEm using reference elevations from ICESat-2 geolocated photons at three test sites of varied topography and land *** were made from statistical quantifiers and elevation *** the world’s highest mountain,mount Everest,and its surroundings,Root mean Squared Error(RmSE)and mean Absolute Error(mAE)resulted in 1.94 m and 1.66 m,respectively;however,a uniform positive bias observed in the elevation profiles indicates the seasonal snow cover change will dent the accurate estimation of the elevation in this sort of test *** second test site containing gentle slopes with forest patches has exhibited the Digital Surface model(DSm)features with RmSE and mAE of 0.58 m and 0.52 m,*** third test site,situated in the Zanda County of the Qinghai-Tibet,is a relatively flat terrain bed,mostly bare earth with sudden river cuts,and has minimal errors with RmSE and mAE of 0.32 m and 0.29 m,respectively,and with a negligible ***,in one more test site,the feasibility of detecting the glacial lakes was tested,which resulted in exhibiting a flat surface over the surface of the lakes,indicating the potential of HmA 8-m DEm for deriving the hydrological *** results accrued in this investigation confirm that the HmA 8-m DEm has the best vertical accuracy and should be of high use for analyzing natural hazards and monitoring glacier surfaces.

关键词： High mountain Asia Digital Elevation model ICESat-2 geolocated photons Accuracy assessment

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Factors Contributing to the 2005-Present, Rapid Rise in Lake Levels, Dominican Republic and Haiti (Hispaniola)

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Natural Resources 2015年第8期6卷 465-481页

作者： Vanshan D. Wright matthew J. Hornbach Cecilia mchugh Paul mann roy huffington department of earth sciences Southern Methodist University Dallas USA School of earth and Environmental sciences Queens College Flushing USA department of earth and Atmospheric sciences University of Houston Houston USA

Lakes Enriquillo and Azuei, the two largest lakes in Hispaniola and in the Caribbean, have risen 10 and 5 m respectively within the last 8 years. Higher lake levels have submerged towns, road systems, agricultural lands and utilities, and have threatened to submerge the major overland highway that connects the Dominican Republic and Haiti. In this study, we use CHIRP seismic data, satellite imagery, and regional meteorological data to quantify and assess controls on the recent lake level rises. Although data are limited, the analyses indicate that the lakes’ water level changes may be attributed to a combination of increased rainfall and natural or man-made changes to the hydraulic connectivity of the various water bodies within the drainage basin. We show that a weak correlation exists between changes in Lake Enriquillo’s and Azuei’s water levels and precipitation rates (0.2 and 0.08 respectively, 1984-2012) and that both lakes experience periods of anti-correlation where, for example, water level drops at Lake Azuei (~20 masl) coincide with water level rises at Lake Enriquillo (41 mbsl). From these observations, we propose that the lakes experience intermittent periods of hydraulic connectivity along reactivated or newly developed stratigraphic-controlled sub-surface transport pathways. We also note that moderately small earthquakes along the large active fault system that extends through both lakes may promote or limit hydraulic conductivity on decadal or shorter time scales. The extents to which recent earthquakes have triggered changes in groundwater flow at this site remain unclear but represent an important topic of future research.

关键词： Lake Enriquillo Flood Etang Saumatre Azuei Climate Caribbean Hispaniola

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40 Years of Surface Warming in the Northern US Rocky mountains: Implications for Snowpack Retreat

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American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第2期5卷 275-295页

作者： matthew J. Hornbach maria Richards David Blackwell Cliff mauroner Casey Brokaw huffington department of earth sciences Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA

The northern US Rocky mountains are experiencing rapid warming. Combined analysis of Ground Temperature (GT) measurements at two high-fidelity boreholes with Surface Air Temperature (SAT) measurements near Helena montana spanning the past 40 years indicate the northern US Rockies have warmed on average 0.12°C - 0.32°C/decade since 1975, at least a factor of ~5 higher than the predicted 500-year-average. Warming appears to be accelerating, with warming rates since 2013 4 - 7 times higher than the 40 year average. Though uncertainty exists, the most significant GT warming appears to occur at higher elevation. Warming estimates are consistent with modelling predictions, snowpack observations, and stream temperature studies, all suggesting rapid surface temperature change in this region during the past ~40 years. The analysis indicates GT warming measured at remote borehole sites is slightly lower than regional SAT measurements collected near urban environments. We associate the discrepancy between GT/SAT measurements to both anthropogenic effects (urban development) that increase warming at the nearest SAT measurement station and a 14-year period of anomalously low snowfall that reduces surface insulation and GT warming. Using a derived average forty-year surface warming rate of 0.22°C/ decade and regional temperature-elevation trends, we calculate that the elevation of the winter freeze line during the three coldest months of the year (December, January, and February) in the northern US Rocky mountains is retreating upward, on average, 33 m/decade. This implies a 21% reduction in freeze-line area since 1974. If this trend continues, we estimate that within the next 40 years (by 2060), the total area where ground freeze occurs during the three coldest months of the year will be ~60% of 1974 values. Since GT measurements indicate accelerated warming, this may be an underestimate. The analysis has important implications for the snowpack-water budget for montana and the n

关键词： Climate Change montana Rocky mountains Water Temperature Borehole Snowpack

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Characterizing Shorea robusta communities in the part of Indian Terai landscape

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 121-128页

作者： V.S.Chitale m.D.Behera S.matin P.S.roy V.K.Sinha Spatial Analysis and modeling Laboratory Centre for Oceans RiversAtmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL)Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur Center for earth and Space sciences University of Hyderabad Uttar Pradesh State Forest Dept.

Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.（Sal）is one of the important tim-ber-yielding plants in India, which dominates the vegetation of Terai landscape of Uttar Pradesh state in India forming various communities based on its associations. The present study deals with delineation, map-ping and characterization of various communities of Sal （Shorea robusta） forests in Terai landscape of Uttar Pradesh, India ranging across over 16 districts. Field survey and visual interpretation based forest vegetation type classification and mapping was carried out as part of the project entitled ‘Biodiversity characterization at landscape level using remote sensing and GIS’. Indian Remote Sensing-P6 （Resourcesat-1） Linear Imaging Self Scanner-III satellite data was used during the study. The total area covered by different Sal forests was found to be approximately 2256.77 km2. Sal communities were identified and characterized based on their spectral properties, physiognomy and phytosociological charac-teristics. Following nine Sal communities were identified, delineated and mapped with reasonable accuracyviz.,Chandar,Damar, dry plains, moist plains, western alluvium, western alluvium plains, mixed moist deciduous, mixed dry deciduous andSiwalik. It is evident from the area estimates that mixed moist deciduous Sal is the most dominant commu-nity in the region covering around （1613.90 km2）, other major communi-ties were found as western alluvium plains Sal （362.44 km2）, mixed dry deciduous Sal （362.44 km2） and dry plains Sal （107.71 km2）. The Terai landscape of Uttar Pradesh faces tremendous anthropogenic pressure leading to deterioration of the forests. Community level information could be used monitoring the status as well as for micro level conserva-tion and planning of the Sal forests in Terai Landscape of Uttar Pradesh.

关键词： Vegetation mapping LISS III Forest management microlevel Conservation

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Hydro-Sedimentary Dynamics of the Grand-Popo Lagoon Located Upstream of the mobile Embouchure “Bouche du roy” in South-Western Benin

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第11期9卷 98-112页

作者： Honorin Gbinibou Andemi Gérard A. F. d’Almeida moussa Bio Djara Léandre Accalogoun Rodrigue A. Adechina Christophe Kaki Laboratory of Geology Mines & Environment (Labo GME) Department of Earth Sciences (DES) University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin ACL Consultant: General Engineering Design Office Cotonou Benin

The problems of flooding, bank erosion and even the breaching of the barrier beach by the Grand-Popo lagoon are a concern in the south-western Beninese river-lagoon complex. The present study aims to improve the knowledge of the factors controlling the hydro-sedimentary functioning of this lagoon of Grand-Popo. It was based on bathymetric and sedimentological studies and the analysis of physical-chemical parameters of the water and allowed to know the morphology of the lagoon bottom and the distribution of sedimentary facies according to the intensity of the water current. The salinity of the lagoon waters shows a west-east gradient passing thus from 0‰ to 0.78‰ in the main direction of flow. Over the whole lagoon system, the average liquid flows vary from -38.499 to 159.13 m3/s. The bathymetry indicates depths varying from 0.4 to 6.5 m, revealing type V and type U lagoon bottoms which reflect acute bottom concavities marked by hollowing under the effect of strong currents or by sandy terraces resulting from the continuous input of sediments carried by the mono River. These sediments are heterogeneously distributed in the lagoon bottom and vary from free sand to mud. Given the complexity of the factors that control the hydro-sedimentary functioning of the Grand-Popo lagoon, it is recommended that periodic hydrological and bathymetric monitoring be carried out to locate exceptional variations in water levels to prevent not only the risks of overflowing lagoon waters and the flooding that follows but also spectacular erosion of the lagoon banks.

关键词： Grand-Popo Lagoon Hydro-Sedimentary Functioning Lagoon Bottoms Sediments

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