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BED MORPHOLOGY OF THE KOSI RIVER, GANGETIC PLAINS

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2002年第1期17卷 39-47页

作者： Prabhata K. SWAMEE1, Barham PARKASH2 and Harbhajan SINGH3 1 Prof., Civil Engrg. Dept., Univ. of roorkee, roorkee 247 667, India, 2 Prof., Earth Sciences Dept., Univ. of roorkee, roorkee 247 6 Prof. Civil Engrg. Dept. Univ. of Roorkee Roorkee 247 667 India Prof. Earth Sciences Dept. Univ. ofRoorkee Roorkee 247 667 India Formerly Research Associate Earth Sciences Dept. Univ. of Roorkee Roorkee 247 667 India

A mathematical model for simulating morphological changes in space and time of the 124 km long alluvial reach of the Kosi River based on the data in the period 1968-79 is developed. Equations are obtained to describe the changes of streambed parameters such as minimum bed level, river width and maximum river depth. Fourier sine series are used to fit the river cross-sections over the studied reach for different years. The general trend of a stream cross-section can be modeled satisfactorily with the Fourier sine series. Temporal variations in bed level and width of the river have time periods of about 7 year and 3.2-4.3 years, respectively, and are controlled by mean annual discharge with a time period of 13.9 years.

关键词： Kosi River Alluvial stream Morphology Riverbed level Cross section Depth Fourier series Mean discharge

Controlling Tendons to Modulate Stiffness of a Planar-to-Spatial Tendon-Driven Continuum Manipulator Under External Uncertain Forces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 821-841页

作者： Vipin Pachouri Pushparaj Mani Pathak Indian Institute of Technology roorkee Roorkee247667India

Continuum manipulators(CM)are soft and flexible manipulators with large numbers of degrees of freedom and can perform complex tasks in an unstructured environment.However,their deformability and compliance can deviate distal tip under uncertain external interactions.To address this challenge,a novel tension-based control scheme has been proposed to modulate the stiffness of a tendon-driven CM,reducing the tip position errors caused by uncertain external forces.To minimize the tip position error,a virtual spring is positioned between the deviated and the desired tip positions.The proposed algorithm corrects the manipulator deviated tip position,improving tension distribution and stiffness profile,resulting in higher stiffness and better performance.The corresponding task space stiffness and condition numbers are also computed under different cases,indicating the effectiveness of the tension control scheme in modulating the manipulator's stiffness.Experimental validation conducted on an in-house developed prototype confirms the practical feasibility of the proposed approach.

关键词： Continuum arm Hyper-redundant robots Variable stiffness manipulator Tension-based control Mechatronic systems

Temporal and spatial compliance behaviour of pedestrians under the influence of time pressure at signalized intersections:A pedestrian simulator study

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第1期11卷 55-68页

作者： Apurwa Dhoke Pushpa Choudhary Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee 247667India

Pedestrian safety is at high stakes due to the non-compliance practices of pedestrians at signalized intersections.Additionally,when pedestrians are hurrying,they deliberately engage in such unsafe behaviour.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to understand how time pressure(i.e.,feeling of hurry or saving time)affected pedestrians'decisions to follow traffic rules at signalized junctions.To achieve the study objectives,a pedestrian simulator setup was used to collect the crossing behaviour of forty participants at a four-legged signalized intersection.Non-compliance,one of the riskiest pedestrian behaviours,was examined with respect to three different forms,comprising dangerous temporal non-compliance(D-TNC),non-dangerous temporal non-compliance(ND-TNC),and spatial non-compliance(SNC)behaviour under two distinct conditions:baseline(i.e.,no time pressure)and time pressure conditions.The effects of demographics,usual walking features,and time pressure on D-TNC and ND-TNC were investigated using a multinomial regression model,while SNC behaviour was investigated using a binary regression model.It was interesting to note that the majority of the factors related to pedestrians’usual walking behaviour had an impact on all kinds of non-compliance behaviours.Importantly,the results also showcased that time pressure had a contrasting impact on D-TNC and ND-TNC behaviour whereas SNC behaviour increased under time pressure.Additionally,the varying impacts of D-TNC,ND-TNC,and SNC were also reflected in the occurrence of the crashes,which were probably triggered by discrepancies in the influence of time pressure on non-compliance behaviours.These findings highlight the need for technical solutions,educational outreach,and efficient enforcement practices to reduce pedestrians'non-compliant behaviour.

关键词： Signalized intersection Time pressure Pedestrians Temporal compliance Spatial compliance Pedestrian simulator

Extension of Distribution Transformer Life in the Presence of Smart Inverter-based Distributed Solar Photovoltaic Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 88-95页

作者： Kanhaiya Kumar Saran Satsangi Ganesh Balu Kumbhar Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Motihari College of EngineeringMotihariBiharIndia Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology(NIT)PatnaPatnaBiharIndia Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)RoorkeeRoorkeeUttarakhandIndia

A transformer is an essential but expensive power delivery equipment for a distribution utility.In many distribution utilities worldwide,a sizable percentage of transformers are near the end of their designed life.At the same time,distribution utilities are adopting smart inverter-based distributed solar photovoltaic(SPV)systems to maximize renewable generation.The central objective of this paper is to propose a methodology to quantify the effect of smart inverter-based distributed SPV systems on the aging of distribution transformers.The proposed method is first tested on a modified IEEE-123 node distribution feeder.After that,the procedure is applied to a practical distribution system,i.e.,the Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)roorkee campus,India.The transformer aging models,alongside advanced control functionalities of grid-tied smart inverter-based SPV systems,are implemented in MATLAB.The open-source simulation tool(OpenDSS)is used to model distribution networks.To analyze effectiveness of various inverter functionalities,time-series simulations are performed using exponential load models,considering daily load curves from multiple seasons,load types,current harmonics,etc.Findings show replacing a traditional inverter with a smart inverter-based SPV system can enable local reactive power generation and may extend the life of a distribution transformer.Simulation results demonstrate,simply by incorporating smart inverter-based SPV systems,transformer aging is reduced by 15%to 22%in comparison to SPV systems operating with traditional inverters.

关键词： Distribution transformer loss of life smart inverter functions solar photovoltaic systems thermal models Volt-VAr control

Bioremediation of Textile Azo Dyes Amido Black 10B, Reactive Black 5, Reactive Blue 160 by Lentinus squarrosulus AF5 and Assessment of Toxicity of the Degraded Metabolites

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 137-161页

作者： Anshu Mathur Chandrachur Ghosh Partha Roy Ramasare Prasad Rajesh Pratap Singh Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India

Bioremediation is an eco-compatible and economical approach to counter textile dye menace. The isolated Lentinus squarrosulus AF5 was assessed for decolourization of textile azo dyes, and had shown ~93%, 88% and 70% decolorization of Reactive blue 160 (RB160), Reactive black 5 (RB5) and Amido black 10B (AB10B) respectively. Further analysis using UV-vis, HPLC, and FTIR, 1H NMR had shown the degradation of the dyes. Toxicity analysis of the metabolites was performed using seed germination and plant growth on two agriculturally important plants Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as well as cytotoxicity analysis using the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The dye mix appeared inhibitory for seed germination (20% - 40%), whereas metabolites were non-inhibitory for germination. Treatment of HaCaT cells with of dye mix and metabolites led into 45% and ~100% of cell viability of HaCaT cells respectively. Therefore, metabolites following degradation of the dye mix were observed to be non-toxic.

关键词： Lentinus squarrosulus AF5 Azo Dyes FTIR 1H NMR Catabolism Cytotoxicity

Early Paleozoic basement diorite of arc-magmatism from Kutch basin, Western India

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 296-307页

作者： Piyush Gupta Sandeep Singh Shakti Singh Rathore Argha Narayan Sarkar Geochronology Laboratory KDMIPEOil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.9Kaulagarh RoadDehradun 248195India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India

In this study,we report for theﬁrst time an Early Palaeozoic basement diorite from the drilled well Nirona-A in the Banni Half-Graben of the Kutch basin,western India.The 40Ar–39Ar dates provided a plateau age of 441.84±2.66 Ma and another pseudo plateau of 441.28±5.82 to 388.08±16.65 Ma for the basement diorite.These ages constrain the basement formation age to the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian period.The obtained basement ages are correlatable with the later part of Cambro-Ordovician alkaline magmatism that has been reported from the Huqf area in Central Oman,whereas their lithological and petrographic correlativity with base-ment diorites occurring in the Dinsi Body of Nagar Parkar igneous complex in Pakistan can also be envisaged.The geochemical studies characterized the diorite with enrich-ment of LILE(Rb,Ba,and K)and LREE(La,Ce,Nd),strong depletion of HFSE(Nb,Sr,P,and Ti),along with weakly negative Eu anomalies.The geochemical signatures indicate their petrogenetic afﬁliation with mantle-derived magmas,as well as their tectonic setting to be arc-related,having post-collisional continental-arc type afﬁnity.The*440 Ma basement of Kutch,therefore,appears to rep-resent the later thermal event associated with the reworked Neoproterozoic subduction-related suite from Greater India’s northwest edge,which has implications for Gond-wana assembly in the northwest Indian subcontinent.

关键词： Kutch basin 40Ar–39Ar ages Early palaeozoic basement Continental-arc magmatism Calc-alkaline magmatism

Performance assessment of prefabricated vertical drains in mitigating soil reliquefaction subjected to repeated seismic events using shaking table experiments

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 411-427页

作者： Gowtham PADMANABHAN Ganesh Kumar SHANMUGAM Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India Geotechnical Engineering Division CSIR-Central Building Research Institute Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)Uttarakhand 247667India

The use of prefabricated vertical drains(PVD)in liquefiable deposits is gaining attention due to enhanced drainage.However,investigations on PVD in mitigating re-liquefaction during repeated shaking events are not available.This study performed a series of shaking table experiments on untreated and PVD-treated specimens prepared with 40%and 60%relative density.Repeated sinusoidal loading was applied with an incremental peak acceleration of 0.1g,0.2g,0.3g,and 0.4g,at 5 Hz shaking frequency with 40 s duration.The performance of treated ground was evaluated based on the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressure(EPWP),induced sand densification,subsidence,and cyclic stress ratio.In addition,the strain accumulated in fresh and exhumed PVD was investigated using geotextile tensile testing apparatus aided with digital image correlation.No evidence of pore pressure was reported up to 0.2g peak acceleration for 40%and 60%relative density specimens.The continuous occurrence of soil densification and drainage medium restrained and delayed the generation of EPWP and expedited the dissipation process.This study demonstrates PVD can mitigate re-liquefaction,without suffering from deterioration,when subjected to medium to high intense repeated shaking events.

关键词： prefabricated vertical drains drainage re-liquefaction shaking table digital image correlation

Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopic and flame photometric analysis of goat epididymal fluid

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第4期2卷 288-292页

作者： Meenakshi Gaur Vikas Pruthi Ramasare Prasad Ben M.J.Pereira Reproductive Biology Laboratory Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology University of Roorkee Roorkee-247 667 U. P. IndiaReproductive Biology Laboratory Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology University of Roorkee Roorkee-247 667 U. P. IndiaReproductive Biology Laboratory Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology University of Roorkee Roorkee-247 667 U. P. IndiaReproductive Biology Laboratory Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology University of Roorkee Roorkee-247 667 U. P. India

Aim: The elemental composition of the epididymal luminal fluid (ELF) in adult goat ( Capra indica) was investigat-ed. Methods: ELF was collected by micropuncture from twelve sites along the epididymal duct. The elementalcontents was analyzed with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy, a microanalytical technique thatcan simultaneously measure many elements in minute volumes of sample. The Na and K concentrations were determinedby flame photometry. Results: ICP spectroscopy showed the presence of copper, calcium, nickel, iron, magne-sium, chromium, titanium and zinc in ELF, with fluctuating levels at different sites along the length of the epididymis.Cadmium, cobalt, lead and manganese were not fotmd. The Na^+ / K^+ ratio was seen to be higher at the initial seg-ments of the epididymis and lower at the distal. Conclusion: It is proposed that the observed characteristic distribu-tion of elements in ELF may have far reaching implications in sperm maturation and storage known to occur in the epi-didymis. (Asian J Androl 2000 Dec; 2: 288-292)

关键词： goat epididymis epididymal luminal fluid elements spectroscopy flame photometry

Effect of micro-environmental factors on natural regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 543-550页

作者： J. V. Tyagi Rakesh Kumar S. L. Srivastava R. D. Singh National Institute of Hydrology Jalvigyan Bhawan Roorkee - 247 667Uttarakhand India

factors viz., soil moisture and light in- tensity are important factors that affect natural regeneration in forests. These factors vary spatially depending on the overhead canopy density of the forest. The present study focused on studying the effect of variation of soil moisture and light intensity on natural regeneration of sal species （Shorea robusta） under different micro-environments due to overhead canopy of varying forest density. Experimental plots of 40m× 40m size were laid under different overhead canopy densities in a small sal forested watershed in the foot hills of Himalayas in Nainital District of Uttarakhand State, India. The plots were monitored on a long term basis for soil moisture at multi depths, light intensity and natural regeneration of sal. The results of the study revealed that the natural regeneration was highest under C1 （up to-0.30） canopy followed by C2 （0.30-0.50）, and C3 （0.50-0.70） canopies. The C3 canopy showed the dying back of sal shoots over 4 years of study. The highest R2 value of linear regression between incremental score of plot regeneration and average soil moisture content was obtained as 0.156 for average soil moisture content during months at 100 cm depth. The R2 value between incremental score of plot regeneration and annual average light intensity was obtained as 0.688 which indicated that the regeneration is largely dependent on the light intensity conditions during the year. The multiple linear regression analysis between the incremental score of regeneration and the average light intensity and average soil moisture content revealed that that about 80% of variation in regeneration is explained by both the factors.

关键词： Natural regeneration sal canopy density soil moisture,light intensity