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A new class of generalized quasi-variational inequalities with applications to Oseen problems under nonsmooth boundary conditions

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第2期67卷 315-338页

作者： Shengda Zeng Akhtar A.Khan Stanislaw Migórski Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Complex System Optimization and Big Data Processing Yulin Normal UniversityYulin 537000China Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Jagiellonian University in Krak´owKrak´ow 30348Poland Center for Applied and Computational Mathematics School of Mathematical SciencesRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY 14623USA College of Sciences Beibu Gulf UniversityQinzhou 535000China

In this paper, we study a generalized quasi-variational inequality (GQVI for short) with twomultivalued operators and two bifunctions in a Banach space setting. A coupling of the Tychonov fixedpoint principle and the Katutani-Ky Fan theorem for multivalued maps is employed to prove a new existencetheorem for the GQVI. We also study a nonlinear optimal control problem driven by the GQVI and givesufficient conditions ensuring the existence of an optimal control. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of thetheoretical results in the study of a complicated Oseen problem for non-Newtonian fluids with a nonmonotone andmultivalued slip boundary condition (i.e., a generalized friction constitutive law), a generalized leak boundarycondition, a unilateral contact condition of Signorini’s type and an implicit obstacle effect, in which themultivalued slip boundary condition is described by the generalized Clarke subgradient, and the leak boundarycondition is formulated by the convex subdifferential operator for a convex superpotential.

关键词： generalized quasi-variational inequality existence theorem optimal control Kakutani-Ky Fan theorem Oseen problem non-Newtonian fluid nonmonotone slip boundary condition

Effects of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt on Renal and Pulmonary Function in Hepatic Decompensation with and without Hepatorenal and Hepatopulmonary Syndromes:A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第9期12卷 780-791页

作者： Ahmed H.Abdelwahed Moataz Aboeldahb George Y.Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Cirrhosis is often characterized by decreased liver function,ranging from a compensated,typically asymptomatic phase to a decompensated phase characterized by the appearance of ascites or variceal bleeding,and ultimately hepatorenal syndrome(HRS)or hepatopulmonary syndrome(HPS).The latter two complications are associated with a poor prognosis and limited treatment *** cases of ascites or variceal bleeding resistant to medical therapy,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is effective and *** blood by TIPS diverts portal blood to the systemic circulation,potentially increasing systemic blood volume and benefiting renal ***,TIPS could also divert nitric oxide to the systemic circulation,potentially worsening systemic hypotension and perfusion,which could be detrimental to renal *** evidence indicates that TIPS often improves renal function in patients with portal hypertension,with or without *** studies have shown persistently decreased renal function after ***,these data are insufficient to support a recommendation for the use of TIPS specifically for *** patients without pre-existing HPS,TIPS does not appear to significantly affect pulmonary gas *** of TIPS in HPS have been inconsistent;some studies have shown improvement,but effects were *** studies have shown a persistent decline in pulmonary function after *** evidence supports the need for large randomized controlled trials to investigate the beneficial effects of TIPS for *** pulmonary function data are less clear regarding TIPS for *** aim of the current report was to review the literature regarding the effects of TIPS on renal and pulmonary function in hepatic decompensation,with or without the development of HRS or HPS.

关键词： Cirrhosis Hepatorenal syndrome Hepatopulmonary syndrome Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Reduced expression of semaphorin 3A in osteoclasts causes lymphatic expansion in a Gorham-Stout disease(GSD)mouse model

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第1期25卷 38-50页

作者： Dongfang ZHANG Hao XU Chi QIN Kangming CAI Jing ZHANG Xinqiu XIA Jingwen BI Li ZHANG Lianping XING Qianqian LIANG Wensheng WANG Laboratory of Molecular Medicine College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and RegulationHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang453007China Longhua Hospital&Spine Institute Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200032China Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones Ministry of Education(Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)Shanghai201203China Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester14642USA

Gorham-Stout disease(GSD)is a sporadic chronic disease characterized by progressive bone dissolution,absorption,and disappearance along with lymphatic vessel infiltration in bone-marrow *** the osteolytic mechanism of GSD has been widely studied,the cause of lymphatic hyperplasia in GSD is rarely *** this study,by comparing the RNA expression profile of osteoclasts(OCs)with that of OC precursors(OCPs)by RNA sequencing,we identified a new factor,semaphorin 3A(Sema3A),which is an osteoprotective factor involved in the lymphatic expansion of *** to OCPs,OCs enhanced the growth,migration,and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells(LECs),in which the expression of Sema3A is low compared to that in *** the presence of recombinant Sema3A,the growth,migration,and tube formation of LECs were inhibited,further confirming the inhibitory effect of Sema3A on LECs in *** an LEC-induced GSD mouse model,the effect of Sema3A was examined by injecting lentivirus-expressing Sema3A into the tibiae in *** found that the overexpression of Sema3A in tibiae suppressed the expansion of LECs and alleviated bone loss,whereas the injection of lentivirus expressing Sema3A short hairpin RNA(shRNA)into the tibiae caused GSD-like *** staining further demonstrated that OCs decreased and osteocalcin increased after Sema3A lentiviral treatment,compared with the *** on the above results,we propose that reduced Sema3A in OCs is one of the mechanisms contributing to the pathogeneses of GSD and that expressing Sema3A represents a new approach for the treatment of GSD.

关键词： Semaphorin 3A Gorham-Stout disease Osteoclast Osteolysis Lymphatic endothelial cell

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a cell-free therapy for traumatic brain injury via neuroprotection and neurorestoration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 49-54页

作者： Ye Xiong Asim Mahmood Michael Chopp Department of Neurosurgery Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Department of Neurology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Department of Physics Oakland UniversityRochesterMIUSA

Traumatic brain injury is a serious and complex neurological condition that affects millions of people *** significant advancements in the field of medicine,effective treatments for traumatic brain injury remain ***,extracellular vesicles released from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have emerged as a promising novel therapy for traumatic brain *** vesicles are small membrane-bound vesicles that are naturally released by cells,including those in the brain,and can be engineered to contain therapeutic cargo,such as anti-inflammatory molecules,growth factors,and *** administered intravenously,extra cellular vesicles can cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver their cargos to the site of injury,where they can be taken up by recipient cells and modulate the inflammatory response,promote neuroregeneration,and improve functional *** preclinical studies,extracellular vesicle-based therapies have shown promising results in promoting recove ry after traumatic brain injury,including reducing neuronal damage,improving cognitive function,and enhancing motor *** further research is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of extra cellular vesicle-based therapies in humans,extra cellular vesicles represent a promising novel approach for the treatment of traumatic brain *** this review,we summarize mesenchymal ste m/stromal cell-de rived extracellular vesicles as a cell-free therapy for traumatic brain injury via neuroprotection and neurorestoration and brainderived extracellular vesicles as potential biofluid biomarkers in small and large animal models of traumatic brain injury.

关键词： biomarkers extracellular vesicles functional outcome mesenchymal stem/stromal cells neuroinflammation neuroplasticity neuroprotection traumatic brain injury

Comparative effectiveness of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer stratified by microsatellite instability status

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第4期15卷 540-547页

作者： Chen-Gu Niu Jing Zhang Aniket-Vijay Rao Utsav Joshi Patrick Okolo Department of Internal Medicine Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States Department of Psychiatry Rainier SpringsVancouverWA 98663United States Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33606United States Department of Gastroenterology Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States

BACKGROUND Immunotherapy have demonstrated promising outcomes in patients with high microsatellite instability(MSI)(MSI-H)metastatic colorectal ***,the comparative effectiveness of Immunotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with low MSI(MSI-L),and microsatellite stable(MSS)metastatic colorectal cancer remains *** To investigate immunotherapy vs chemotherapy for treatment of MSI-L/MSS metastatic colorectal cancer,and to evaluate the success of immunotherapy against chemotherapy in managing MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer during a follow-up of 50 *** We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database(NCDB)to evaluate the overall survival(OS)of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with immunotherapy or *** study population was stratified by MSI status(MSI-H,MSI-L,and MSS).Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between treatment modality and OS,adjusting for potential *** A total of 21951 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were included in the analysis,of which 2358 were MSI-H,and 19593 were MSI-L/*** the MSI-H cohort,immunotherapy treatment(n=142)was associated with a significantly improved median OS compared to chemotherapy(n=860).After adjusting for potential confounders,immunotherapy treatment remained significantly associated with better OS in the MSI-H cohort[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR):0.57,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.43-0.77,P<0.001].In the MSS cohort,no significant difference in median OS was observed between immunotherapy treatment and chemotherapy(aHR:0.94,95%CI:0.69-1.29,P=0.715).CONCLUSION In this population-based study using the NCDB,immunotherapy treatment was associated with significantly improved OS compared to chemotherapy in patients with MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer,but not in those with MSI-L/MSS metastatic colorectal *** studies are warranted to determine the optimal therapeu

关键词： Immunotherapy Chemotherapy Metastatic colorectal cancer Microsatellite instability National cancer database

A Bayesian Mixture Model Approach to Disparity Testing

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第3期15卷 214-234页

作者： Gary C. McDonald Department of Mathematics and Statistics Oakland University Rochester USA

The topic of this article is one-sided hypothesis testing for disparity, i.e., the mean of one group is larger than that of another when there is uncertainty as to which group a datum is drawn. For each datum, the uncertainty is captured with a given discrete probability distribution over the groups. Such situations arise, for example, in the use of Bayesian imputation methods to assess race and ethnicity disparities with certain insurance, health, and financial data. A widely used method to implement this assessment is the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) method which assigns a discrete probability over six race/ethnicity groups to an individual given the individual’s surname and address location. Using a Bayesian framework and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the group means, the probability of a disparity hypothesis is estimated. Four methods are developed and compared with an illustrative data set. Three of these methods are implemented in an R-code and one method in WinBUGS. These methods are programed for any number of groups between two and six inclusive. All the codes are provided in the appendices.

关键词： Bayesian Improved Surname and Geocoding (BISG) Mixture Likelihood Function Posterior Distribution Metropolis-Hastings Algorithms Random Walk Chain Independence Chain Gibbs Sampling WinBUGS

Inhaled volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 28-39页

作者： Erin D Wieruszewski Mariam ElSaban Patrick M Wieruszewski Nathan J Smischney Department of Pharmacy Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Anesthesiology&Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

The discovery and utilization of volatile anesthetics has significantly transformed surgical practices since their inception in the mid-19th ***,a paradigm shift is observed as volatile anesthetics extend beyond traditional confines of the operating theatres,finding diverse applications in intensive care *** the dynamic landscape of intensive care,volatile anesthetics emerge as a promising avenue for addressing complex sedation requirements,managing refractory lung pathologies including acute respiratory distress syndrome and status asthmaticus,conditions of high sedative requirements including burns,high opioid or alcohol use and neurological conditions such as status *** anesthetics can be administered through either inhaled route via anesthetic machines/devices or through extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuitry,providing intensivists with multiple options to tailor ***,their unique pharmacokinetic profiles render them titratable and empower clinicians to individualize management with heightened accuracy,mitigating risks associated with conventional sedation *** the amounting enthusiasm for the use of these therapies,barriers to widespread utilization include expanding equipment availability,staff familiarity and training of safe *** article delves into the realm of applying inhaled volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit through discussing their pharmacology,administration considerations in intensive care settings,complication considerations,and listing indications and evidence of the use of volatile anesthetics in the critically ill patient population.

关键词： Anesthesia Critical care Mechanical ventilation Sedation Volatile anesthetics Sedative

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中国新疆地区考古陶片的古地球磁场强度研究

北京大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期60卷 503-512页

作者：李能韬周庭红黄宝春造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京100871 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627

使用改进的Thellier-Thellier双加热方法,对来自新疆昌吉、喀什以及塔什库尔干等地的考古陶片样品进行系统的古地球磁场强度实验和岩石磁学实验。结果显示,部分样品携带稳定的原生剩磁,从中获得约1000BC至约1200AD之间的地球磁场强度数... 详细信息

使用改进的Thellier-Thellier双加热方法,对来自新疆昌吉、喀什以及塔什库尔干等地的考古陶片样品进行系统的古地球磁场强度实验和岩石磁学实验。结果显示,部分样品携带稳定的原生剩磁,从中获得约1000BC至约1200AD之间的地球磁场强度数据。经过各项检验和校正后,得到约5×10^(22)~11×10^(22) Am^(2)的虚轴向偶极矩(VADM)数据,与同时期中国其他地区的VADM数据大致处于同一区间,但是变化幅度较大,与全球地磁场模型SHAWQ2k存在不一致之处。将所得数据与约800AD的中东地区古地球磁场强度峰值以及约200AD的东亚地区古地球磁场强度峰值进行比较,拟合结果表明,中国新疆地区可能在约540AD时存在一个古地球磁场强度高峰,达峰时间介于东亚地区与中东地区之间。这一结果与非偶极子场的西向漂移特征相符,进一步说明该古地球磁场强度高峰可能与地球外核结构的演化相关。

关键词：古地球磁场强度岩石磁学新疆地区考古陶片

On Performance Characteristics of a Nonparametric Subset Selection Procedure with a Small Randomized Block Experimental Design

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第9期15卷 630-650页

作者： Gary C. McDonald Sajidah Alsaeed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Oakland University Rochester MI USA

This article addresses the issue of computing the constant required to implement a specific nonparametric subset selection procedure based on ranks of data arising in a statistical randomized block experimental design. A model of three populations and two blocks is used to compute the probability distribution of the relevant statistic, the maximum of the population rank sums minus the rank sum of the “best” population. Calculations are done for populations following a normal distribution, and for populations following a bi-uniform distribution. The least favorable configuration in these cases is shown to arise when all three populations follow identical distributions. The bi-uniform distribution leads to an asymptotic counterexample to the conjecture that the least favorable configuration, i.e., that configuration minimizing the probability of a correct selection, occurs when all populations are identically distributed. These results are consistent with other large-scale simulation studies. All relevant computational R-codes are provided in appendices.

关键词： Rank Statistics Least Favorable Configuration Probability of Correct Selection Slippage Configuration Equal Spaced Configuration Counterexample Configuration