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Designing a medical ethics curriculum in ophthalmology

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第1期9卷 4-9页

作者： Matthew D.Gearinger Flaum Eye Institute University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

Ethical principles form a bedrock to medical practice in any specialty,guiding physicians to appropriate attitudes and behaviors.A formal ethics curriculum can be difficult to generate de novo in an ophthalmology training program.A number of barriers exist in most ophthalmology departments:trainees may think ethics is of secondary importance compared to core basic and clinical science topics;most ophthalmology faculty have no formal degree in medical ethics;there is limited didactic time with competing academic,clinical,and surgical priorities;work-hours regulations may limit the time available to deliver“para-professional”lectures;and there is a belief that the medical ethics lectures during medical school is a sufficient amount of coursework to last through a physician’s career with no need for continuing professional *** four pillars of medical ethics are beneficence,non-maleficence,autonomy,and *** addition,morals,ethics,and professionalism are important aspects of sound medical practice.A curriculum specific to medical ethics in ophthalmology can be developed in any of our sub-specialties and include lectures,curated readings,case rounds,and clinic wrap-up *** considerations are part of everyday clinical practice,and a structured ethics curriculum can be incorporated into ophthalmology training *** concept of backward design can be used to structure the curriculum,starting with the expected outcome,then designing authentic assessments,and finally putting together a learning plan that has students actively involved in ethical *** paper will provide a guide to developing an ethics curriculum for an ophthalmology training program utilizing the concept of backwards design and guide the reader through the process of developing expected learning outcomes,authentic assessments,and a unified learning plan.

关键词： Medical ethics curriculum design medical education

Misinterpretation of sleep-induced second-degree atrioventricular block

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第7期16卷 385-388页

作者： S Serge Barold Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNY 14642United States

A number of publications have claimed that Mobitz type II atrioventricular block(AVB)may occur during *** of the reports defined type II AVB and representative electrocardiograms were either misinterpreted or *** benign Wenckebach type I AVB is often misdiagnosed as Mobitz type II which is an indication for a *** of the published reports indicates that Mobitz type II AVB does not occur during sleep when it is absent in the awake ***:There is no proof that sleep is associated with Mobitz type II AVB.

关键词： Wenckebach type I atrioventricular block Mobitz type II atrioventricular block Vagal tone Heart block Cardiac pacemaker

Waveguide-based augmented reality displays: a highlight

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 10-12页

作者： Jannick P.Rolland Jeremy Goodsell Institute of Optics University of Rochester480 Intercampus DriveRochesterNY14627USA Center for Freeform Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY14627USA Center for Visual Science University of RochesterRochesterNY14627USA

Augmented reality(AR),which emerged in the 1960s,remains a focal point of interest given its capacity to overlay the real world with digitally presented information through optical *** prevalent combiner,commonly known as the waveguide in the AR literature,is prized for its compact design and generous eyebox—essential elements in human-centric ***,these combiners encounter unique challenges in meeting various other requirements of the human visual *** paper highlights a recent review of technological advancements and presents a forward-looking perspective on the future of AR technology.

关键词： waveguide Waveguide looking

Blood metal concentrations and cardiac structure and function in total joint arthroplasty patients

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 773-782页

作者： Peter C Brennan Stephanie M Peterson Thomas J O'Byrne Mariana L Laporta Cody C Wyles Paul J Jannetto Garvan C Kane Maria Vassilaki Hilal Maradit Kremers Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BACKGROUND There is concern regarding potential long-term cardiotoxicity with systemic distribution of metals in total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** To determine the association of commonly used implant metals with echocardiographic measures in TJA *** The study comprised 110 TJA patients who had a recent history of high chromium,cobalt or titanium *** underwent two-dimensional,three-dimensional,Doppler and speckle-strain transthoracic echocardiography and a blood draw to measure metal *** and sex-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of metal concentrations(exposure)with echocardiographic measures(outcome).RESULTS Higher cobalt concentrations were associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume(estimate 5.09;95%CI:0.02-10.17)as well as left atrial and right ventricular dilation,particularly in men but no changes in cardiac *** titanium concentrations were associated with a reduction in left ventricle global longitudinal strain(estimate 0.38;95%CI:0.70 to 0.06)and cardiac index(estimate 0.08;95%CI,-0.15 to-0.01).CONCLUSION Elevated cobalt and titanium concentrations may be associated with structural and functional cardiac changes in some *** studies are warranted to better understand the systemic effects of metals in TJA patients.

关键词： Total joint arthroplasty Metal-on-metal Cardiotoxicity Heart failure Echocardiography Cobalt

Hmo1:A versatile member of the high mobility group box family of chromosomal architecture proteins

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2024年第1期15卷 1-10页

作者： Xin Bi Department of Biology University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627United States

Eukaryotic chromatin consisting of nucleosomes connected by linker DNA is organized into higher order structures,which is facilitated by linker histone *** of chromatin compacts and protects the genome,but also hinders DNA *** have evolved mechanisms to modify/remodel chromatin resulting in chromatin states suitable for genome *** high mobility group box(HMGB)proteins are non-histone chromatin architectural factors characterized by one or more HMGB motifs that bind DNA in a sequence nonspecific *** play a major role in chromatin *** Saccharomyces cerevisiae(yeast hereafter)HMGB protein Hmo1 contains two HMGB ***,unlike a canonical HMGB protein that has an acidic C-terminus,Hmo1 ends with a lysine rich,basic,C-terminus,resembling linker histone ***1 exhibits characteristics of both HMGB proteins and linker histones in its multiple *** instance,Hmo1 promotes transcription by RNA polymerases I and II like canonical HMGB proteins but makes chromatin more compact/stable like linker *** studies have demonstrated that Hmo1 destabilizes/disrupts nucleosome similarly as other HMGB proteins in vitro and acts to maintain a common topological architecture of genes in yeast *** minireview reviews the functions of Hmo1 and the underlying mechanisms,highlighting recent discoveries.

关键词： Hmo1 High mobility group box proteins Chromatin Chromatin remodeling Gene regulation Ribosomal DNA Ribosomal protein genes DNA damage response Linker histone

Impact of ethnicity on the outcomes of acute pancreatitis: insights from US National Inpatient Sample

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胰腺病学杂志(英文) 2024年第1期7卷 86-89页

作者： Jaan Ali Malik Sheza McFarland Joel E. Olson Erik T. Cryer Byron Department of Internal Medicine Rochester General Hospital Rochester NY Department of Gastroenterology Rochester General Hospital Rochester NY Department of Gastroenterology Baylor University Medical Center Dallas TX

A new class of generalized quasi-variational inequalities with applications to Oseen problems under nonsmooth boundary conditions

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第2期67卷 315-338页

作者： Shengda Zeng Akhtar A.Khan Stanislaw Migórski Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Complex System Optimization and Big Data Processing Yulin Normal UniversityYulin 537000China Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Jagiellonian University in Krak´owKrak´ow 30348Poland Center for Applied and Computational Mathematics School of Mathematical SciencesRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNY 14623USA College of Sciences Beibu Gulf UniversityQinzhou 535000China

In this paper, we study a generalized quasi-variational inequality (GQVI for short) with twomultivalued operators and two bifunctions in a Banach space setting. A coupling of the Tychonov fixedpoint principle and the Katutani-Ky Fan theorem for multivalued maps is employed to prove a new existencetheorem for the GQVI. We also study a nonlinear optimal control problem driven by the GQVI and givesufficient conditions ensuring the existence of an optimal control. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of thetheoretical results in the study of a complicated Oseen problem for non-Newtonian fluids with a nonmonotone andmultivalued slip boundary condition (i.e., a generalized friction constitutive law), a generalized leak boundarycondition, a unilateral contact condition of Signorini’s type and an implicit obstacle effect, in which themultivalued slip boundary condition is described by the generalized Clarke subgradient, and the leak boundarycondition is formulated by the convex subdifferential operator for a convex superpotential.

关键词： generalized quasi-variational inequality existence theorem optimal control Kakutani-Ky Fan theorem Oseen problem non-Newtonian fluid nonmonotone slip boundary condition

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Targeting oral-gut microbial transmission in diabetic coronary heart disease: unveiling key pathogenic mechanisms

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Ismail Cimen Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

Diabetes significantly exacerbates the occurrence and adverse prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD), emphasizing the importance of focusing on the prevention and management of diabetesrelated complications. This study identifies and verifies for the first time a distinctive oral-gut microbiota profile in patients with diabetic coronary heart disease (DCHD), marked by an increased abundance of oral Fusobacterium nucleatum and gut Lactobacillus.

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Reduced expression of semaphorin 3A in osteoclasts causes lymphatic expansion in a Gorham-Stout disease(GSD)mouse model

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第1期25卷 38-50页

作者： Dongfang ZHANG Hao XU Chi QIN Kangming CAI Jing ZHANG Xinqiu XIA Jingwen BI Li ZHANG Lianping XING Qianqian LIANG Wensheng WANG Laboratory of Molecular Medicine College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and RegulationHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang453007China Longhua Hospital&Spine Institute Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200032China Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones Ministry of Education(Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)Shanghai201203China Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester14642USA

Gorham-Stout disease(GSD)is a sporadic chronic disease characterized by progressive bone dissolution,absorption,and disappearance along with lymphatic vessel infiltration in bone-marrow *** the osteolytic mechanism of GSD has been widely studied,the cause of lymphatic hyperplasia in GSD is rarely *** this study,by comparing the RNA expression profile of osteoclasts(OCs)with that of OC precursors(OCPs)by RNA sequencing,we identified a new factor,semaphorin 3A(Sema3A),which is an osteoprotective factor involved in the lymphatic expansion of *** to OCPs,OCs enhanced the growth,migration,and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells(LECs),in which the expression of Sema3A is low compared to that in *** the presence of recombinant Sema3A,the growth,migration,and tube formation of LECs were inhibited,further confirming the inhibitory effect of Sema3A on LECs in *** an LEC-induced GSD mouse model,the effect of Sema3A was examined by injecting lentivirus-expressing Sema3A into the tibiae in *** found that the overexpression of Sema3A in tibiae suppressed the expansion of LECs and alleviated bone loss,whereas the injection of lentivirus expressing Sema3A short hairpin RNA(shRNA)into the tibiae caused GSD-like *** staining further demonstrated that OCs decreased and osteocalcin increased after Sema3A lentiviral treatment,compared with the *** on the above results,we propose that reduced Sema3A in OCs is one of the mechanisms contributing to the pathogeneses of GSD and that expressing Sema3A represents a new approach for the treatment of GSD.

关键词： Semaphorin 3A Gorham-Stout disease Osteoclast Osteolysis Lymphatic endothelial cell