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Spatial and temporal variation of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in 26 cities in China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2014年第1期26卷 75-82页

作者： Fahe Chai Jian Gao Zhenxing Chen Shulan Wang Yuechong Zhang Jingqiao Zhang Hefeng Zhang Yaru Yun Chun Ren State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

O3 and PM2.5 were introduced into the newly revised air quality standard system in February 2012, representing a milestone in the history of air pollution control, and China＇s urban air quality will be evaluated using six factors （SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM2.5 and PM10） from the beginning of 2013. To achieve the new air quality standard, it is extremely important to have a primary understanding of the current pollution status in various cities. The spatial and temporal variations of the air pollutants were investigated in 26 pilot cities in China from August 2011 to February 2012, just before the new standard was executed. Hourly averaged SO2, NO2 and PMlo were observed in 26 cities, and the pollutants O3, CO and PM2.5 were measured in 15 of the 26 cities. The concentrations of SO2 and CO were much higher in the cities in north China than those in the south. As for O3 and NO2, however, there was no significant difference between northern and southern cities. Fine particles were found to account for a large proportion of airborne particles, with the ratio of PM2.5 to PMI0 ranging from 55% to 77%. The concentrations of PM2.5 （57.5 μg/m3） and PMlo （91.2 μg/m3） were much higher than the values （PM2.5：11.2μg/m3; PMI0：35.6 μg/m3） recommended by the World Health Organization. The attainment of the new urban air quality standard in the investigated cities is decreased by 20% in comparison with the older standard without considering O3, CO and PM2.5, suggesting a great challenge in urban air quality improvement, and more efforts will to be taken to control air pollution in China.

关键词： air quality standard gaseous pollutant particulate matters non-attainment

Development of methods for establishing nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs: A review

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2018年第5期30卷 54-66页

作者： Shouliang Huo Chunzi Ma Beidou Xi Yali Zhang Fengchang Wu Hongliang Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Nutrient criteria provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive evaluation, prevention,control and management of water eutrophication. In this review, the literature was examined to systematically evaluate the benefits, drawbacks, and applications of statistical analysis,paleolimnological reconstruction, stressor-response model, and model inference approaches for nutrient criteria determination. The developments and challenges in the determination of nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs are presented. Reference lakes can reflect the original states of lakes, but reference sites are often unavailable. Using the paleolimnological reconstruction method, it is often difficult to reconstruct the historical nutrient conditions of shallow lakes in which the sediments are easily disturbed. The model inference approach requires sufficient data to identify the appropriate equations and characterize a waterbody or group of waterbodies, thereby increasing the difficulty of establishing nutrient criteria. The stressor-response model is a potential development direction for nutrient criteria determination, and the mechanisms of stressor-response models should be studied further. Based on studies of the relationships among water ecological criteria, eutrophication, nutrient criteria and plankton, methods for determining nutrient criteria should be closely integrated with water management requirements.

关键词： Nutrient criteria Statistical analysis approach Paleolimnological reconstructionapproach Stressor-response model Model inference approach

Emission factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from domestic coal combustion in China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2014年第1期26卷 160-166页

作者： Chunmei Geng Jianhua Chen Xiaoyang Yang Lihong Ren Baohui Yin Xiaoyu Liu Zhipeng Bai State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

Domestic coal stove is widely used in China, especially for countryside during heating period of winter, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are important in flue gas of the stove. By using dilution tunnel system, samples of both gaseous and particulate phases from domestic coal combustion were collected and 18 PAH species were analyzed by GC-MS. The average emission factors of total 18 PAH species was 171.73 mg/kg, ranging from 140.75 to 229.11 mg/kg for bituminous coals, while was 93.98 mg/kg, ranging from 58.48 to 129.47 mg/kg for anthracite coals. PAHs in gaseous phases occupied 95% of the total of PAHs emission of coal combustion. In particulate phase, 3-ring and 4- ring PAHs were the main components, accounting for 80% of the total particulate PAHs. The total toxicity potency evaluated by benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic power, sum of 7 carcinogenic PAH components and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin had a similar tendency. And as a result, the toxic potential of bituminous coal was higher than that of anthracite coal. Efficient emission control should be conducted to reduce PAH emissions in order to protect ecosystem and human health.

关键词： domestic coal combustion emission factor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons potential toxicity risk diagnostic ratio

Organophosphate esters in sediment from Taihu Lake,China:Bridging the gap between riverine sources and lake sinks

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第3期16卷 35-47页

作者： Wenping Zhang Changsheng Guo Jiapei Lv Xu Li Jian Xu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and risk Assessment of Chemicals Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Center for Environmental Health risk Assessment and Research Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Surface sediment samples from Taihu Lake in China and its inflow rivers,along with two lake sediment core samples,were collected and analyzed for organophosphate esters(OPEs).The concentrations of total OPEs varied from 28.60 ng/g to 158.72 ng/g(median:54.25 ng/g)in river surface sediment and from 62.57 ng/g to 326.84 ng/g(median:86.37 ng/g)in lake *** phosphate(TnBP)was the predominant compound in river surface sediment,and tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate was predominant in lake *** contamination occurred in the north-west region,which was related to the high level of urbanization and high usage of *** sediment–water partition coefficients of OPEs(log_(Koc))were calculated,showing a significant correlation with logKow(prisks.

关键词： Organophosphate esters Partition Vertical distribution Composition profile Positive matrix factorization

Spatio-temporal variation of landfill gas in pilot-scale semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills over 5 years

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2017年第4期29卷 288-297页

作者： Xiaohui Wu Bo Yue Qifei Huang Qi Wang Ye Lin Wei Zhang Zhuoyi Yan State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences College of Water sciences Beijing Normal University

Variation of CH4, CO2, and O2 concentrations in layers of different depths in semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills was analyzed over a period of 5 years. The results showed that most of the municipal solid waste became basically stable after 5 years of landfill disposal. In the upper and middle layer, the concentration of CH4 in the semi-aerobic landfill was significantly lower than that in the anaerobic landfill in different landfill periods, while in the lower layer, there was little difference in the CH4 concentration between the semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills. The average concentration of CH4 and CO2in the anaerobic landfill was always higher than that in the semi-aerobic landfill, while the O2 concentration showed an opposite variation in different landfill periods. This was related to the aerobic reaction of landfill waste around the perforated pipe in the semi-aerobic landfill,which inhibited effective landfill gas generation.

关键词： Landfill gas Semi-aerobic landfill Anaerobic landfill Municipal solid waste

TESTING LINEAR AND NONLINEAR GRANGER CAUSALITY IN CSI300 FUTURES AND SPOT MARKETS BASED ON NEW CONCEPTS OF NONLINEAR POSITIVE/NEGATIVE SPILLOVER

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2014年第4期27卷 729-742页

作者： ZHOU Pu LU Fengbin WANG Shouyang risk Management Unit Bank of China Head Office Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71125005 70871108 and 70810107020;; Outstanding Talents Funds of Organization Department Beijing Committee of CPC

关键词： China stock market negative volatility spillover nonlinear Granger causality test riskabsorption volatility spillover.

Alpha-synuclein in mitochondrial dysfunction:opportunities or obstacles

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 197-198页

作者： Shermali Gunawardena Department of Biological sciences The State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA

Recent work suggests a link betweenα-synuclein(α-syn)and mitochondrial dysfunction;however,the mechanisms of howα-syn influences mitochondrial function are still *** notably,whetherα-syn plays a direct role during mitochondrial function and/or whether diseasedα-syn-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential modifiable risk factor in Parkinson’s disease(PD)is *** date,mutations in more than eight genes cause familial PD(fPD)and have functions in diverse pathways including synaptic homeostasis,mitochondria maintenance,autophagy/lysosome,and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways.

关键词： dysfunction homeostasis Alpha

Microglial dysfunction and genetic risk for neurodegenerative disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1401-1402页

作者： Debra S.MacDonald Jay Penney Department of Biomedical sciences AVCUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPECanada

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases a re increasing in prevalence as world populations *** tremendous progress has been made,our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the development of these diseases remains far from com *** troubling,despite the growing emotional and financial toll being to ken by neurodegenerative disorders,existing treatment options are limited almost exclusively to those that help manage symptoms but that lack the ability to alter the progression of the disease(Liu et al.,2022).

关键词： degenerative diseases

Experimental simulation of the relative contribution of volatile-N and char-N to NO_X formation from a low-capacity bituminous coal-fired industrial boiler

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第4期56卷 541-550页

作者： WU XueFang WANG Sheng WANG ZongShuang CHE Fei WANG ZhanShan XU Shu LI Qin TAN YuFei State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental sciences

The conversion of fuel-N to NOx is the main contribution of modelling problem arising from coal combustion. This paper NOx from coal-fired industrial boilers and is the least-studied summarises the current understanding of the mechanisms that account for the formation of NOx from fuel-N during coal combustion. Further experimentation on NOx emissions during bi- tuminous coal combustion was simulated with attention focused on the contribution of char-N and votatile-N to fuel-NOx through the Coal/Char combustion method. The critical analysis of this issue allowed for the identification of uncertainties and produced well-founded conclusions. The results indicated that fuel-NOx formation was a very complex physical-chemical pro- cess involving many competing mechanisms. These mechanisms included chemical reactions, convective mass transfer, heat transfer, adsorption and desorption. The contribution of char-N in this experiment varied between 30% and 70%. There may be a slight question as to the exact identity of the main contributor to fuel-NOx, and no definitive conclusion can be made as of yet This uncertainty is because the contribution of char-N to fuel-NOx was heavily affected by the combustion conditions and the contribution of char-N increased monotonically as temperature increased. There was a critical point in the relationship between particle size, air flow, 02 concentration and the contribution of char-N. The contribution of char-N increased with the increase of particle size and air flow initially when less than the critical value, and decreased when more than thecritical value. The contribution of char-N initially decreased when the 02 concentration was increased from 10% to 15% and increased more with the further increase in 02 concentration.

关键词： bituminous combustion NOx formation volatile char contribution