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Control of Common Chickweed in Winter Wheat with Postemergence Herbicides

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第11期10卷 2012-2019页

作者： Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

A total of six experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2018, 2019) at the University of Guelph ridgetown campus to assess the efficacy of various herbicides applied postemergence (POST) for the control of common chickweed in winter wheat. Fluroxypyr/bromoxynil/MCPA, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil,pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/fluroxypyr,pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPA ester, tolpyralate and fluroxypyr/halauxifen + MCPA EHE, applied POST, controlled common chickweed only 5% - 42% at 2 weeks after treatment (WAT) and 1% - 23% at 4 WAT and resulted in common chickweed density and biomass that was similar to non-treated weedy control. Fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA EHE, applied POST, provided 57% - 82% control of common chickweed and reduced density 93% and biomass 98% compared to the non-treated control. Thifensulfuron/tribenuron, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + MCPA ester, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, tribenuron + thiencarbazone, and tribenuron + thiencarbazone + MCPA ester, applied POST, controlled common chickweed 98% - 100% and reduced common chickweed density 96% - 98% and common chickweed biomass 99%. Based on these results, herbicide treatments which contained tribenuron including thifensulfuron/tribenuron, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + MCPA ester, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, tribenuron + thiencarbazone, and tribenuron + thiencarbazone + MCPA ester were the most efficacious for the control of common chickweed in wheat. In addition, fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA EHE, applied POST, can provide adequate control of common chickweed in winter wheat.

关键词： Winter Wheat Weed Control No-Tillage Biomass Density Injury Tolerance Yield

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Influence of Herbicide Carrier on the Tolerance of White Bean to Preplant Incorporated and Preemergence Herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第1期7卷 63-68页

作者： Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph ridgetown campus Ridgetown Canada

Nine field trials (five with PPI and four with PRE herbicides) were conducted at Exeter and ridgetown, Ontario during 2013 to 2015 to determine if the tolerance of white bean to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) herbicides is influenced by the herbicide carrier (water vs. UAN at 200 L•ha-1). There was no significant interaction between the carrier and herbicide for visible injury, plant stand, plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and yield. There was also no significant difference between the herbicide carriers for all parameters measured except for the shoot dry weight which was 6.5% greater when UAN was used as the carrier with PPI herbicides. Dimethenamid-p, pendimethalin, imazethapyr and halosulfuron applied PPI or PRE caused no visible injury except for imazethapyr PPI which caused 2% visible injury and dimethenamid-p PRE which caused 7% - 14% injury in white bean. There was no effect of the PPI and PRE herbicides evaluated on white bean stand, shoot dry weight, height, maturity and yield. Based on these results, using water or UAN could be used as the carrier for PPI and PRE herbicides in white bean.

关键词： Dimethenamid-p Imazethapyr Navy Bean Pendimethalin Halosulfuron

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Comparison of Glyphosate Formulations for Weed Control and Tolerance in Maize (Zea maysL.) and Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1329-1337页

作者： Kris J. Mahoney Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Twenty-two field experiments (six maize (Zea mays L.) and five soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] using low glyphosate doses to assess weed control and six maize and five soybean using high glyphosate doses to assess tolerance) were conducted from 2010 to 2012 at two locations in southern Ontario, Canada to compare the commercially available glyphosate formulations of Roundup Weather MAX?, Clearout?41 Plus, and Wise Up? (WeatherMAX, Clearout, and WiseUp, respectively). Inmaize and soybean, control of velvetleaf, pigweed species, common lambs quarters, and green foxtail 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) using 900 g·ae·ha-1 ranged from at least 85% to 99%, regardless of formulation. By 8 WAT with 900 g·ae·ha-1, control of these weeds generally declined, but still ranged from 82% to 97% across all formulations. At harvest, maize yields were similar to the weed-free control for 900 g·ae·ha-1 of glyphosate as WeatherMAX and Clearout;however, reduced weed control with WiseUp resulted in an 8.8% yield loss. For soybean, yields were similar to the weed-free control, regardless of formulation or dose. In the tolerance experiments, 2.1% and 2.8% injury was observed 4 WAT for maize treated with 3600 g·ae·ha-1 of glyphosate as WeatherMAX and WiseUp, respectively. However, maize yields were unaffected by glyphosate formulation or dose. In soybean, visible injury of 8.5%, 4.5%, and 3.7% was observed 1 WAT with 5400 g·ae·ha-1 of glyphosate as WeatherMAX, WiseUp, and Clearout, respectively;by 8 WAT, visible injury was similar to the untreated control, regardless of formulation or dose. The early injury from 5400 g·ae·ha-1 of glyphosate resulted in 8.5%, 4.6%, and 5.5% yield loss for the WeatherMAX, WiseUp, and Clearout formulations, respectively.

关键词： Maize Soybean Glyphosate Dose Injury Yield

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Urea Ammonium Nitrate as the Carrier for Herbicides in Winter Wheat

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第3期3卷 417-424页

作者： Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema ridgetown campus University of Guelph Ridgetown Canada

Urea ammonium nitrogen can be used as a carrier for herbicides to provide growers with an option for the control of broadleaf weeds and spraying nitrogen fertilizer in one pass in winter wheat. Field studies (six in total) were seeded in the autumn of 2005, 2006 and 2007 at Exeter and ridgetown, Ontario, Canada to determine if UAN can be used as a carrier for bromoxynil/MCPA, dichlorprop/2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, or thifensulfuron/tribenuron applied postemergence (POST) at three application timings (approximately April 20, May 1 and May 10) in winter wheat. Winter wheat injury was as much as 4%, 5%, 4% and 5% for bromoxynil/MCPA, dichloroprop/2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/ mecoprop or thifensulfuron/tribenuron, respectively. There was minimal visible winter wheat injury with treatments evaluated at 4 and 9 week after treatment. There was no significant reduction in winter wheat height or yield with herbicides evaluated at various application timings except for dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop treatment which reduced height 3% and yield 25% at May 10 compared with April 20 application timing. Herbicides carrier had no effect on winter wheat height or yield with evaluated herbicides. Based on this research there is potential for co-application of UAN and bromoxynil/MCPA, dichlorprop/2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, or thifensulfuron/tribenuron applied (POST) early in the spring in winter wheat.

关键词： Injury Herbicide Sensitivity Plant Height Yield

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Influence of Adjuvants on the Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Canada Fleabane and Waterhemp in Corn with Tolpyralate

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第3期11卷 354-371页

作者： Nicole M. Langdon Nader Soltani Alan J. Raedar David C. Hooker Darren E. Robinson Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph ridgetown campus Ridgetown Canada

Tolpyralate is a new benzoylpyrazole herbicide for weed management in corn. It is recommended to be co-applied with atrazine along with the adjuvants methylated seed oil concentrate (MSO) plus an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). Two studies were conducted on glyphosate-resistant (GR) Canada fleabane and GR waterhemp to determine if an additional adjuvant is still required when tolpyralate plus atrazine are tankmixed with a commercial glyphosate formulation (Roundup WeatherMAX®) in corn. Trials were conducted over a two-year period (2018-19) on farms in south western Ontario with confirmed GR populations. When co-applied with Roundup WeatherMAX®, the addition of MSO to tolpyralate + atrazine increased control of GR waterhemp 9%;however, there was no increase in GR Canada fleabane control from the addition of additional adjuvants. At 8 WAA, all treatments provided > 91% and > 84% control of GR waterhemp and GR Canada fleabane, respectively. This study concludes that the addition of Roundup WeatherMAX®to tolpyralate plus atrazine improves the control of GR waterhemp and GR Canada fleabane in corn.

关键词： Biomass Crop Injury Density Sensitivity Weed Control Yield Amaranthus tuberculatus Conyza canadensis L. Cronq

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Weed Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) with Preplant Applications of Glyphosate plus Mesotrione or Saflufenacil

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第6期6卷 594-600页

作者： Nader Soltani Lynette R. Brown Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph ridgetown campus Ridgetown Canada

There is limited information on weed control with glyphosate plus mesotrione or saflufenacil when applied prior to seeding winter wheat in the autumn. A total of 12 field trials (six for each herbicide tankmix) were conducted over a three-year (2010-2012) at two locations (ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario) to evaluate the effect of glyphosate plus mesotrione or saflufenacil at various rates for broadleaf weed control and red clover establishment in winter wheat. Glyphosate (900 g ae ha-1) and tankmixes of glyphosate (900 g ae ha-1) plus mesotrione or saflufenacil at 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 g ai ha-1 applied preplant (PP) in the autumn resulted in minimal visible injury (0% - 2%) in the autumn and on May 1 and June 1 of the following spring in winter wheat. The PP application of glyphosate alone or in combination with mesotrione or saflufenacil provided only 1% - 30% control of common ragweed in the following spring. The PP application of glyphosate in combination with mesotrione or saflufenacil provided 74% - 100% control of wild mustard at 2 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE) in autumn but the control was only 0% - 35% on June 1 of the following spring. Glyphosate plus mesotrione or saflufenacil did not have any effect on seed moisture content and yield of winter wheat compared to glyphosate alone. Clover establishment was reduced with glyphosate plus mesotrione at the two highest rates but was not affected with glyphosate plus saflufenacil compared to glyphosate alone. Based on these results, glyphosate alone and in combination with mesotrione or saflufenacil applied PP in the autumn at rates evaluated did not provide adequate residual control of common ragweed, common lambsquarters and wild mustard in the spring of the following year in winter wheat.

关键词： Cereals Injury Height Herbicide Tolerance Yield

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Efficacy of POST glyphosate applications in combination with other POST herbicides in glyphosate-resistant corn (Zea mays L.)

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第1期5卷 1-8页

作者： Kristen E. McNaughton Lynette R. Brown Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

The use of glyphosate-resistant corn has facilitated a shift from a reliance on preemergence residual herbicides to postemergence (POST) herbicides, and in some cases exclusively glyphosate. Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide that is relatively slow-acting, which may allow weeds to continue to compete with corn after application and potentially decrease crop yield. The addition of several POST corn herbicides, with some residual control, to an early-season glyphosate application was examined to determine if the tankmix combination would improve the speed of weed control compared to glyphosate applied alone. Seven field trials were conducted over three years (2009, 2010 and 2011) near ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario. The control of common ragweed was improved 3 days after application (DAA) with three POST glyphosate tankmixes compared to glyphosate alone. However control was still less than 55%. Depending on the weed species examined, at 28 DAA two of the glyphosate tankmix treatments tested provided better common ragweed, common lambsquarters, or green foxtail control than glyphosate alone. Treatments providing better weed control at 28 DAA also typically decreased weed density compared to glyphosate alone.

关键词： Glyphosate Weed Control Glyphosate-Resistant Corn POST Application

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Weed Management in Kidney Bean with Tank Mixes of S-Metolachlor, Imazethapyr and Linuron

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第7期5卷 611-617页

作者： Nader Soltani Robert E. Nurse Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph ridgetown campus Ridgetown Canada

Field studies were conducted in various locations in Ontario during 2011 to 2013 to evaluate s-metolachlor, imazethapyr and linuron applied preemergence (PRE) alone and in tankmix combination for the control of troublesome weeds in kidney bean. S-metolachlor, imazethapyr, linuron, s-metolachlor + imazethapyr, s-metolachlor + linuron and s-metolachlor + imazethapyr + linuron applied PRE at rates evaluated caused 3% or less injury in kidney bean. S-metolachlor provided 87% - 91% control of redroot pigweed, 46% - 55% control of common lambsquarters, and 96% - 97% control of green foxtail. Imazethapyr provided 93% - 96% control of redroot pigweed, 96% - 99% control of lambsquarters and 86% - 93% control of green foxtail. Linuron provided 82% - 98% control of lambsquarters, 82% - 99% control of redroot pigweed and 55% - 85% control of green foxtail. The tank mixes of s-metolachlor plus imazethapyr, s-metolachlor plus linuron, and s-metolachlor plus imazethapyr plus linuron provided 92% - 100% control of lambsquarters, redroot pigweed and green foxtail. Generally, kidney bean yields reflected the level of weed control. Based on these results, tank mixes of s-metolachlor plus imazethapyr, s-metolachlor plus linuron, and s-metolachlor plus imazethapyr plus linuron all provide an adequate margin of crop safety and excellent control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters and green foxtail in kidney bean.

关键词： Biomass Density Herbicide Sensitivity Injury Kidney Bean Tolerance Weed Control Yield

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Sensitivity of Dry Bean to Dimethenamid-p, Saflufenacil and Dimethenamid-p/Saflufenacil

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第21期5卷 3288-3294页

作者： Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

There is limited information on the sensitivity of dry bean to dimethenamid-p, saflufenacil and a preformulated mixture of dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil. Field trials were conducted at Exeter and ridgetown, ON, Canada in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the tolerance of four market classes of dry bean to dimethenamid-p, saflufenacil and dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil applied preemergence (PRE) at the 1X and 2X manufacturer’s recommended rate in soybean. Dimethenamid-p, saflufenacil and dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil applied PRE caused 0% - 2%, 20% - 31% and 34% - 45% injury in dry bean, respectively. Dimethenamid-p (220 and 440 g ai ha-1) caused no adverse effect on plant stand, shoot dry weight, height and yield of black, white, adzuki and kidney bean. Saflufenacil (25 and 50 g ai ha-1) or dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil (245 and 490 g ai ha-1) reduced plant stand 53% - 70%, shoot dry weight 61% - 81%, height 26% - 48% and yield 40% - 61% of black and white bean. However, saflufenacil applied alone or in combination with dimethenamid-p at the 1X or 2X rates caused no adverse effect on plant stand, shoot dry weight, height and yield of adzuki and kidney bean except with dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil at the 2X rate which reduced plant stand 38% in kidney bean, shoot dry weight 46% in adzuki bean and 42% in kidney bean, and yield 29% in kidney bean. Based on these results, saflufenacil and dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil applied PRE at the proposed rate of 25 and 245 g ai ha-1, respectively does have an adequate margin of crop safety for weed management in black and white bean. Further research is needed to ascertain the margin of crop safety in kidney and adzuki bean.

关键词： Adzuki Bean Black Bean Kidney Bean White Bean Sensitivity Tolerance

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Effect of Halosulfuron Rate and Application Timing on Volunteer Azuki Bean Control in White Bean

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 715-721页

作者： Nader Soltani Lynette R. Brown Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph ridgetown campus Ridgetown Canada

Three field experiments were carried out during 2017-2019 at the University of Guelph Huron Research Station near Exeter, Ontario, Canada to determine the effect of halosulfuron rate (25, 37.5 or 50 g∙ai∙ha-1) and application timing (POST 1, POST 2 and POST 3) on volunteer azuki bean control in white bean. At POST 1, halosulfuron at 25, 37.5 and 50 g∙ai∙ha-1 controlled volunteer azuki bean 46% - 50% at 1 week after application (WAA), controlled decreased to 16% - 25% at 8 WAA. At POST 2, volunteer azuki bean controlled decreased from 34% - 39% at 1 WAA to 17% - 27% at 8 WAA. A similar trend was observed at POST 3. Halosulfuron applied POST 1 at 25, 37.5 and 50 g∙ai∙ha-1 reduced biomass 49%, 64% and 69%, respectively. Halosulfuron applied POST 2 did not reduce volunteer azuki bean biomass at 25 g∙ai∙ha-1, but decreased biomass 51% at 37.5 g∙ai∙ha-1 and 49% at 50 g∙ai∙ha-1<

关键词： Azuki Bean Biomass Aboveground Dry Weight Dockage Injury Weed Control White Bean Phaseolus vulgaris Vigna angularis

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