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Changes in Leaf Stomatal Properties in rice with the Growing Season

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第4期93卷 807-817页

作者： Jiana Chen Fangbo Cao Min Huang rice and product ecophysiology Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular BiologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China National Engineering Research Center of rice Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China

Transplanting rice varieties grown in different seasons can lead to different yields due to different dry matterproduction. Early-season rice varieties transplanted in the late season can obtain high yields with short-growthduration and higher yields driven by higher dry matter production. To make clear the variations in dry matterproduction across seasons, four early-season rice varieties were chosen for late-season transplantation. The grainyield, dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthetic, and leaf stomatal properties were studied. It was observedthat the average yields of these four varieties in the late season were 33% greater, despite a reduced growth periodof 13 days in comparison with the early season. Furthermore, there was a notable increase in both total and postheadingdry matter production during the late season. The leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal area, stomatalwidth, and stomatal length were higher in the late season. Despite no significant difference in stomatal densitybetween seasons, strong positive linear relationships were observed between net photosynthetic rate and stomatalconductance, and between stomatal conductance and area. These relationships demonstrate that the increase ofthe stomatal width and length of the leaves in the late season leads to an increase in the stomatal area, therebyincreasing the stomatal conductance and enhancing the photosynthesis of the leaves. Consequently, this leads togreater dry matter production and a higher yield compared to the early season. Therefore, when breeding newhigh-yielding and short-growing varieties, the large stomatal area can be used as a reference index.

关键词： Photosynthesis rice stomatal properties season yield

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Interaction Between Ustilaginoidea virens and rice and Its Sustainable Control

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rice science 2024年第3期31卷 269-284页

作者： ZHANG Fengmin CAO Zhenzhen ZHENG Xin HE Yuntao CHEN Mingxue LIN Xiaoyan rice product Quality Inspection&Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China

Ustilaginoidea virens is a common rice pathogen that can easily lead to a decline in rice quality and the production of toxins pose potential risks to human *** this review,we present a comprehensive literature review of research since the discovery of rice false *** provide a comprehensive and,at times,critical overview of the main results and findings from related research,and propose future research ***,we delve into the interaction between *** and rice,including the regulation of transcription factors,the process of *** infecting rice panicles,and the plant immune response caused by rice *** that,we discuss the identification and characterization of mycotoxins produced by the pathogenic fungus,as well as strategies for disease *** emphasize the importance of comprehensive agricultural prevention and control methods for the sustainable management of *** knowledge will update our understanding of the interaction between *** and rice plants,offering a valuable perspective for those interested in ***.

关键词： rice false smut flower-specific infection mycotoxin food safety plant disease

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Salinity Stress Deteriorates Grain Yield and Increases 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Content in rice

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rice science 2024年第4期31卷 371-374,I0015-I0021页

作者： WEI Huanhe MA Weiyi ZHANG Xiang ZUO Boyuan GENG Xiaoyu WANG Luu ZHU Wang CHEN Yingong HUO Zhongyang XU Ke MENG Tianyao DAI Qigen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/East China Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Salinity stress greatly impacts rice grain yield and quality, as well as the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP) content in grains. The present study was conducted with Nanjing 9108(NJ9108, conventional japonica rice) and Wenliangyou 669(WLY669, indica hybrid rice) in the fields with non-salinity(NS), low salinity(LS), and high salinity(HS) stresses in 2021 and 2022.

关键词： salinity Yield erior

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Grain Yield,Biomass Accumulation,and Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics of rice under Combined Salinity-Drought Stress

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rice science 2024年第1期31卷 118-128,I0023页

作者： WEI Huanhe GENG Xiaoyu ZHANG Xiang ZHU Wang ZHANG Xubin CHEN Yinglong HUO Zhongyang ZHOU Guisheng MENG Tianyao DAI Qigen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern production Technology of Grain Crops/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Simultaneous stresses of salinity and drought often coincide during rice-growing seasons in saline lands,primarily due to insufficient water resources and inadequate irrigation ***,combined salinity-drought stress poses a major threat to rice *** this study,two salinity levels(NS,non-salinity;HS,high salinity)along with three drought treatments(CC,control condition;DJ,drought stress imposed at jointing;DH,drought stress imposed at heading)were performed to investigate their combined influences on leaf photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation,and rice yield ***,drought,and their combination led to a shortened growth period from heading to maturity,resulting in a reduced overall growth *** yield was reduced under both salinity and drought stress,with a more substantial reduction under the combined salinity-drought *** combined stress imposed at heading caused greater yield losses in rice compared with the stress imposed at ***,the combined salinity-drought stress induced greater decreases in shoot biomass accumulation from heading to maturity,as well as in shoot biomass and nonstructural carbohydrate(NSC)content in the stem at heading and ***,it increased the harvest index and NSC remobilization *** and drought reduced the leaf area index and SPAD value of flag leaves and weakened the leaf photosynthetic characteristics as indicated by lower photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,and stomatal *** reductions were more pronounced under the combined ***,drought,and especially their combination,decreased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase,while increasing the contents of malondialdehyde,hydrogen peroxide,and superoxide *** results indicated a more significant yield loss in rice when subjected to combined salinity-drought *** individual and combined stresses of salinity and dro

关键词： antioxidant defense system combined salinity-drought stress drought stress photosynthetic characteristics rice salinity stress

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The association between the risk of diabetes and white rice consumption in China:Existing knowledge and new research directions from the crop perspective

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农业科学学报:英文版 2023年第10期22卷 3234-3236页

作者： HUANG Min rice and product ecophysiology Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular BiologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128P.R.China

China has the most people with diabetes in the world(IDF2021),and the promotion of a healthy diet is a key public health priority for controlling the prevalence of diabetes in China(Hu 2011).rice(mainly white rice)is a staple food for more than 60%of the Chinese population(Hu and Sheng 2021).Because white rice has the husk,bran,and embryo completely removed during the milling process,it is low in the dietary fiber,micronutrients,and polyphenols that are conducive to glucose metabolism(Aryaeian et al.2017;McRae et al.2018;Barra et al.2021).In addition.

关键词： white metabolism removed

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Estimating Carbon Capture Potential of Fallow Weeds in rice Cropping Systems

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第1期92卷 71-77页

作者： Ge Chen Yuling Kang Fangbo Cao Jiana Chen Min Huang rice and product ecophysiology Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular BiologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410125China Institute of Agroecology and Environment Yueyang Academy of Agricultural SciencesYueyang414022China

Weeds occurred during the fallow season can well perform the function of carbon(C)capture due to receiving little human *** study aimed to evaluate the C capture potential of fallow weeds in rice(Oryza sativa L.)cropping systems.A six-region,two-year on-farm investigation and a three-year tillage experiment were conducted to estimate C capture in fallow weeds in rice cropping *** on-farm investigation showed that the average mean C capture by fallow weeds across six regions and two years reached 112 g m^(-2).The tillage experiment indicated that no-tillage practices increased C capture by fallow weeds by 80%on average as compared with conventional *** results of this study not only contribute to an understanding of C capture potential of fallow weeds in rice cropping systems,but also provide a reference for including fallow weeds in the estimation of vegetative C sink.

关键词： Carbon cycling fallow weeds no-tillage rice cropping system vegetative carbon sink

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Passivation remediation of weakly alkaline Cd-contaminated soils using combined treatments of biochar and sepiolite

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 40-52页

作者： Yuxin Zhang Shan Gao Hongtao Jia Tao Sun Shunan Zheng Shihang Wu Yuebing Sun Key Laboratory of Original AgroEnvironmental Pollution Prevention and Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety Agro–Environmental Protection InstituteMARA College of Resources and Environment Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University Rural Energy and Environment Agency Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Background Cadmium(Cd) pollution in agricultural soils has become a priority environmental concern globally. A reasonable application of passivators is critical to address the problem. In this study, we examined the remediation effects of rice husk biochar(r BC) and sepiolite(Sep) as single and combined(r BC + Sep) treatments on Cd pollution in a weakly alkaline soil using three maize cultivars(Liyu 16, Zhengdan 958, and Sanbei 218) as test crops. We also explained the mechanisms involved in the remediation *** The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir model could well describe the adsorption process of r BC + Sep for Cd2+. Compared with the control treatment(CK), soil available Cd concentration decreased by 29.51–36.34% under r BC + Sep treatment(p 0.05).Conclusions The application of 0.2% r BC + 0.5% Sep composite passivation material to weakly alkaline Cd-contaminated soil can effectively reduce the Cd concentration of soil and maize.

关键词： Cd rice husk biochar Sepiolite Passivation restoration Weakly alkaline soil Maize

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The Impact of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria, Iron, and Zinc Foliar Application on Dry Land Yellow Mustard (Brassica juncea) Grain and Oil production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 719-728页

作者： Saeid Zehtab Salmasi Haleh Nasiri Rezvan Heshmati Mohammad Reza Sarikhani Yagoub Raei Sustainable Agriculture Science Center Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Alcalde New Mexico USA Department of Plant ecophysiology University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Department of Soil Science University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran

The study, conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2021, focused on the effects of various nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates, biofertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as iron and zinc foliar applications on mustard growth under rainfed conditions. The results indicated that biofertilizers, whether used alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, produced comparable grain and oil outputs compared to chemical fertilizers alone. Additionally, the application of iron and zinc through foliar spraying significantly enhanced both grain and oil production. These findings suggest that integrating nitrogen-fixing bacteria and biofertilizers could reduce reliance on chemical nitrogenous fertilizers, leading to decreased production expenses, improved product quality, and minimized environmental impact. This study highlights the potential for sustainable agricultural practices in dry land farming as a viable alternative to traditional chemical-intensive methods. Substituting chemical nitrogenous fertilizers with nitrogen-fixing bacteria or biofertilizers could result in cost savings in mustard grain and oil production while promoting environmental sustainability.

关键词： Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Yellow Mustard Dry Land Farming Iron Zinc Foliar Application

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rice Bran-derived Peptide KF-8 Attenuates Dexamethasone-induced Myopathy in Caenorhabditis elegans by Regulating Locomotion-related Genes

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Yixin Wu Jianqiang Wang Fang Huang Yajuan Chen Qinlu Lin Zhongxu Chen Zhigang Liu Yao Jiang Wenqing Xie Hengzhen Li Yusheng Li Ying Liang National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya Hospital Central South University Molecular Nutrition Branch National Engineering Research Center of rice and By-product Deep Processing College of Food Science and Engineering Central South University of Forestry and Technology Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University The Key Lab of Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Protection of Education Ministry The Key Lab of Non-wood Forest products of Forestry Ministry Forestry Institute Central South University of Forestry & Technology Department of Orthopedics Xiangya Hospital Central South University

Background and aims: Dexamethasone is a common glucocorticoid medication with adverse effects that can cause muscle atrophy， but no drug intervention has been approved or recommended for this condition. KF-8 is a rice bran-derived anti-oxidant peptide that extends the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: We established a C. elegans model of dexamethasone-induced myopathy to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of KF-8 in this model. C. elegans muscle function was assessed in terms of locomotory behaviors including crawling， swimming， burrowing， pharyngeal pumping， and head swing. Muscle actin filament integrity was evaluated using fluorescence imaging. The molecular mechanisms of KF-8 were investigated using transcriptome sequencing， qRT-PCR， RNA interference， and western blot analysis. Results: Dexamethasone disrupted actin filaments in the striated muscles of the body wall and inhibited C. elegans crawling， swimming， burrowing， pharyngeal pumping， and head swing. KF-8 reversed the actin filament disruption and locomotor dysfunction induced by dexamethasone. Transcriptome sequencing， pathway enrichment， and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that KF-8 regulated the locomotion-related genes W04G5.10， vha-12， and ddr-1， as well as age-1 (the catalytic subunit ortholog of PI3K)， and akt1. RNA interference， conducted using a genetically engineered E. coli HT115 strain as a food source， confirmed age-1 as a key regulator of locomotor function of C. elegans. Further mechanistic studies with C2C12 myotubes showed that KF-8 regulated the IRS-PI3K-Akt pathway， the master regulator of protein synthesis and degradation. Conclusion: Together， these findings suggest that KF-8 protects against dexamethasone-induced myopathy in C. elegans by regulating locomotion-related genes and the IRS-PI3K-Akt pathway.

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Dry matter production and panicle characteristics of high yield and good taste indica hybrid rice varieties

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1338-1350页

作者： LI Min ZHU Da-wei JIANG Ming-jin LUO De-qiang JIANG Xue-hai JI Guang-mei LI Li-jiang ZHOU Wei-jia rice Research Institute Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006P.R.China rice product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006P.R.China

Indica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa) production aims to achieve two crucial targets: high yield and good taste. This study selected three types of indica hybrid rice according to grain yield and taste value, including high yield and good taste(HYGT), low yield and good taste(LYGT), and high yield and poor taste(HYPT), to analyze yield components,corresponding growth characteristics, and rice taste quality. When values were averaged across varieties and years,there were almost no differences in taste value between HYGT and LYGT;HYGT showed a significant increase in yield,owing to a higher number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, with a respective increment of 16.2 and 20.6%. The higher grain yield of HYGT compared with LYGT was attributed to three key factors: a higher leaf area index(LAI) during heading, a higher ratio of grain to leaf, and a higher biomass accumulation at maturity. HYGT and HYPT achieved similar high yields;however, HYGT had more panicle numbers and lower grain weight. In addition, HYGT showed a significantly higher taste value than HYPT, attributed to its significantly lower protein and amylose contents, with reductions of 8.8and 15.7%, respectively. Lower protein and amylose contents might be caused by a proper matter translocation from vegetative organs to panicle. This study suggested that reasonable panicle characteristics and translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to panicle during heading to maturity are the key factors in balancing yield and rice taste *** results will provide valuable insights for rice breeders to improve the grain yield and quality of indica hybrid rice.

关键词： indica hybrid rice grain yield taste quality growth characteristics

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