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Progress and Yield Bottleneck of Aerobic rice in the North China Plain: A Case Study of Varieties Handao 297 and Handao 502

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第6期7卷 641-646页

作者： XIE Guang-hui YU Jun WANG Hua-qi BAM Bouman College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P.R.China Crop Soil and Water Science Division International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines

Aerobic rice has been considered a promising rice cultivation system as water scarcity is increasing in the world. This article summarizes the advances in aerobic rice management researches in the North China Plain, focusing on yield formation and its bottleneck. High-yielding and good-quality aerobic rice varieties adapted to aerobic soil conditions have been released officially and adopted by farmers in North China. The varieties Handao 502 and Handao 297 have been recognized as the most promising varieties reaching a yield level ranging 3.5-5.0 t ha-1 with 450-650 mm water input. Compared with lowland rice, water input in aerobic rice was more than 50% lower, and water productivity was 60% higher. Researches on responses of rice cultivars to nitrate nitrogen （N） and ammonium N supplied at early growth stages provided the first evidence for a preference of aerobic rice HD297 for nitrate N supply, compared with the lowland rice variety. Zinc uptake studies demonstrated that introduction of aerobic rice system on calcareous soils may increase zinc deficiency problems. Sink size was identified as the limitation of aerobic rice yield, because its spikelet number m-2 was too low （20000-24 000） compared with the lowland rice. For future research, more attention is suggested to be paid to yield formation focusing on effects of water regimes on tiller dynamics. Understanding of nutrient uptake and response to fertilization effects are also urgently required to establish optimized crop management technology. Additionally, alternative cropping systems based on aerobic rice should be established, and key sustainability and environmental impact issues in the systems need to be identified.

关键词： aerobic rice review water saving yield formation nitrogen zinc the North China Plain

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Effect of Water Stress on the Growth and Development of Amaranthus spinosus,Leptochloa chinensis,and rice

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 989-998页

作者： Bhagirath S.Chauhan Seth B.Abugho Crop and Environmental Sciences division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines

Drought is the most important abiotic constraint in rainfed rice systems. In these systems, Amaranthus spinosus and Leptochloa chinensis are the dominant weed species, which may reduce the available water to rice by competition and cause water stress in the crop. Two studies were conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the growth response of A. spinosus and rice and L. chinensis and rice to water stress. The water stress treatments were 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of field capacity and the plants were grown until weed maturity (i.e., 63 days from seeding). rice plants did not survive at 12.5% and 25% of field capacity, but both weed species survived in all the treatments. Both weed species produced a significant number of tillers/branches and leaves even at the lowest soil water content. The maximum amount of total shoot biomass produced by weed plants was 2.5 to 3 times more than that of rice plants. The soil water content to achieve 50% of the maximum aboveground biomass was 47%-50% of field capacity for rice, whereas it was 39% and 31% of field capacity for A. spinosus and L. chinensis, respectively. A. spinosus plants responded to increasing water stress with increased leaf weight ratio, whereas the leaf weight ratio of L. chinensis decreased with increases in water stress. The ability of A. spinosus and L. chinensis to produce shoot biomass under water-stressed conditions suggests that weed management strategies are needed that can minimize weed survival in water-limited environments. These strategies may include the use of weed-competitive and drought-tolerant cultivars, high seeding rates, and optimum timing of fertilizers.

关键词： Biomass Soil Moisture Weed Rainfed Drought

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Status and Constrain for Mechanization of rice Harvesting System in Bangladesh

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第6期8卷 492-506页

作者： Bidhan Chandra Nath Yo-Sang Nam Md. Durrul Huda Md. Mizanur Rahman Panna Ali Subrata Paul Farm Machinery and Postharvest Technology division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh TYM R&D Center Gongju South Korea Entomology division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh

To know the position, problems and suggestion of harvest mechanization of rice, the study conducted in 21 upzillas under seven regions (Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Comilla, Bogra, Rajshahi and Rangpur) based on different agro-climatic condition and cropping intensity and 126 farmers participated in the interview. For collecting data, a structured questionnaire was used and statistical analysis of the collected data was carried out. In study area, the average cultivable area was 225 to 1239 decimal (1 decimal = 40 m2) and 97.60% farmer reaping by sickle and only 0.80% used combine harvester. Cut paddy transported by head (13.49%), shoulders (12.7%) or both of them of 11.11% farmer and 44.44% of farmers used small truck or field threshed. Threshing was mainly done using (49.21%) closed drum thresher and open drum thresher (26.20%), likewise 1 of 126 farmer use head-feed combine harvester. The study area, most farmers (37.3%) used kula for the cleaning of rice, but only 8.74% of farmers used winnower. In considerable amount, 80.95% of farmers had machinery, while the remaining (19.05%) did not have machines. Farmers agreed that harvesting was a labor-intensive method (35.71%) and time consuming (28.57%). Transporting of harvested paddy was dangerous and painful for head, shoulder, hand, waist, backbone, leg, etc. With mechanization and the introduction of machinery, 40.48% of farmers identified the main ceiling as the price of the machine and information/lack of credit system (21.43%). In survey area, most farmers (36.51%) identified the vital advantage of mechanized harvesting as lower labor requirement, while 21.43% of farmers said that a lower loss of rice. All farmers who participated in the interview expressed their need for machinery and mentioned agricultural credit with easy terms and conditions, subsidy for buying machinery and the ensuring of a fair market price for their rice.

关键词： Crop Harvesting Mechanization

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Effect of calcium silicate on nutrient use of lowland rice and greenhouse gas emission from a paddy soil under alternating wetting and drying

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Pedosphere 2020年第4期30卷 535-543页

作者： Hyun-Hwoi KU Keiichi HAYASHI Ruth AGBISIT Gina VILLEGAS-PANGGA Crop and Environmental Sciences division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosLaguna 4031(Philippines) Fanning Systems and Soil Resources Institute Agricultural Systems ClusterCollege of AgricultureUniversity of the Philippines at Los BanosLaguna 4031(Philippines) Crop Livestock and Environment DivisionJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences1-1 OhwashiTsukubalbaraki 305-0851(Japan)

In intensively irrigated rice cultivation,plant-available silicon(Si)is a crucial nutrient for improving rice *** a source of Si,calcium silicate(CaSiO3)was amended to evaluate the effect of silicate fertilizer on rice production,nitrogen(N)use efficiency,and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission under alternating wetting and drying in a pot experiment using a tropical soil from a paddy field of the International rice Research Institute(IRRI)in the *** levels of CaSiO3 amendment,0,112.7,224.5,and 445.8 kg ha^-1,with the recommended N rate were *** results showed that although CaSiO3amendment of 112.7 kg ha^-1resulted in higher rice straw,improved N use efficiency,and reduced N2O emission,there was no difference in grain yield among the four levels of CaSiO3 amendment owing to relatively lower harvest ***,CaSiO3 amendment showed a reverse trend between CH4 and N2O emissions as it reduced N2O emission while led to significantly increased CH4 emission and global warming ***,CaSiO3 amendment was a possible alternative to improve N use efficiency and increase rice straw biomass,but it needs to be reviewed in line with grain yield production and GHG *** is also imperative to test an optimal method of silicate fertilizer amendment in future research in order to compromise a negative impact in tropical soils.

关键词： CH4 emission N use efficiency N2O emission plant-available Si rice straw biomass silicate fertilizer tropical soil

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Excess-iron driven spin glass phase in Fe1+yTe1-xSex

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第8期30卷 202-208页

作者：田龙刘盼盼洪涛 Tilo Seydel 鲁兴业罗会仟李世亮戴鹏程 Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Neutron Scattering division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL) Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University

The iron-chalcogenide superconductor Fe Te1-xSexdisplays a variety of exotic features distinct from iron *** much effort has been devoted to understanding the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity near x = 0.5, the existence of a spin glass phase with short-range magnetic order in the doping range(x ～ 0.1–0.3) has rarely been studied. Here, we use DC/AC magnetization and(quasi) elastic neutron scattering to confirm the spin-glass nature of the short-range magnetic order in a Fe1.07Te0.8Se0.2sample. The AC-frequency dependent spin-freezing temperature Tf generates a frequency sensitivity △Tf(ω)/[Tf(ω)△ log10ω ] ≈ 0.028 and the description of the critical slowing down withτ = τ0(Tf/TSG-1)-zvgives TSG≈ 22 K and zv ≈ 10, comparable to that of a classical spin-glass system. We have also extended the frequency-dependent Tfto the smaller time scale using energy-resolution-dependent neutron diffraction measurements, in which the TNof the short-range magnetic order increases systematically with increasing energy *** removing the excess iron through annealing in oxygen, the spin-freezing behavior disappears, and bulk superconductivity is realized. Thus, the excess Fe is the driving force for the formation of the spin-glass phase detrimental to bulk superconductivity.

关键词： iron chalcogenides spin glass neutron scattering

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Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional rice Grown in South and Southeast Asia:A Review

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rice science 2023年第6期30卷 537-551页

作者： Md.Forshed DEWAN Md.AHIDUZZAMAN Md.Nahidul ISLAM Habibul Bari SHOZIB Department of Agro-Processing Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur 1706Bangladesh Institute of Food Safety and Processing Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur 1706Bangladesh Grain Quality and Nutrition division Bangladesh Rice Research InstituteGazipur 1701Bangladesh

Traditional rice varieties have been widely cultivated and popularly consumed by Asian people for a very long time and have recently garnered increased consumer *** or indigenous rice varieties are known to be rich in a wide range of bioactive compounds,particularly phenolic compounds,flavonoids,tannins,anthocyanins,proanthocyanidins,phytic acids,andγ-*** have identified 32 phenolic acids,including hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives,and 7 different flavonoids in rice *** bioactive compounds have unique physiological effects on human ***,rice grains exhibit nutraceutical potential for antidiabetic,antiarthritic,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,and antitumor *** this review,we critically analyzed the bioactive components of traditional rice and their nutraceutical potential in protecting against harmful microbial *** ensure that future generations have access to these beneficial substances,it is crucial to preserve traditional rice varieties.

关键词： antioxidant activity health promoting compound indigenous rice pigmented rice

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Effects of Nitrogen on the Competitiveness of Echinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis with Direct-seeded rice

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2010年第2期4卷 14-19页

作者： B.S. Chauhan D.E. Johnson Crop and Environmental Sciences division International Rice Research Institute Los Banos 4031 Philippines

Information on weed competitiveness responses to added nitrogen （N） is required to assist with the development of appropriate fertilizer management strategies where weed competition is anticipated. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of four N rates on the competitive ability ofEchinochloa colona and Amaranthus viridis grown together with direct-seeded rice. rice and each weed species were grown in a replacement series design at added N rates of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha1. Replacement series diagrams for relative yield showed that competitive ability ofE. colona increased with added soil N. Values of weed aggressivity index for E. colona also significantly increased with the addition of N in the soil. In the absence of added N, A. viridis was more competitive than rice but this relationship slightly changed as N was added. However, values of weed aggressivity index of were statistically similar at all N rates. The results suggest that the competitiveness ofE. colona increased with added soil N, and A. viridis unchanged by soil N levels. Both weed species were different in their response to higher N levels. Information gained in this study could be used to demonstrate the importance of effective weed and fertilizer management.

关键词： Amaranthus viridis direct-seeded rice Echinochloa colona nitrogen weed

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Validation of Molecular Markers and Haplotype Diversity at the SalTol Locus on Chromosome 1 of rice

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分子植物育种 2007年第2期5卷 259-260页

作者： M.R. Islam G.B. Gregorio M.A. Salam R.K. Singh B.C.Y. Collard E. Tumimbang-Raiz D.L. Adorada R.D. Mendoza L. Hassan Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division International Rice research InstituteDAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division International Rice research InstituteDAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines Plant Breeding division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh Genetics and Plant Breeding Department Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh Bangladesh

rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important economic activity on earth as it is second largest single use of the land for food production and also consumed by the half of the world's population. Salinity is the one o... 详细信息

关键词：分子标记单倍体染色体稻子

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Mutation in the leucinerich repeat of platelet glycoprotein Ibαresults in defects in its interaction with immobilized von Willebrand factor under flow

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Chinese Medical Journal 2000年第8期113卷 21-26页

作者：董京飞 ChesterLi Alicia J.Schade Becky J.Fredrickson Lily Sun Larry V.McIntire José A.López From the division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Cox Laboratory for Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston Cox Laboratory for Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX 77030 USA

ObjectiveTo characterize effects of the GP Iba mutation(A156V)on its interaction with von Willebrand factor(vWf)under high fluid shear stress.MethodsThe residue A156 of GP Iba was converted to a valine and the mutant expressed in CHO cells expressing wild-type GP Ibβ and GPIX. The transfected cells were tested for their interaction with a panel of GP Iba antibodies and for rolling on immobilized vWf under high shear.ResultsThe mutation led to surface expression of a GP Iba polypeptide that adopted a different conformation at its N-terminus because binding of the GP Iba antibody AN51, which has a binding epitope it the N-terminal 35 residues, was eliminated, whereas binding of the others(AK2, MB45, and SZ2, all of which bind to regions C-terminal to the AN51 epitope)was normal. Mutant-expressing cells could adhere and roll on immobilized vWf under high fluid shear stress and rolled significantly faster than wild-type cells.ConclusionThese studies demonstrate that the mutation A156V results in a conformation change at the N-terminus of GP Ibα, which leads to an increase in the dissociation rate of the bond between the GP Ibα mutant and vWf. Chin Med J 2000; 113(8): 693-698

关键词： mutation glycoprotein von Willebrand factor defects

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Fertilizer Placement Affects Weed Growth and Grain Yield in Dry-Seeded rice(Oryza sativa L.)Systems

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 1260-1264页

作者： Bhagirath S. Chauhan Seth B. Abugho Crop and Environmental Sciences division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosPhilippines

A study was conducted in a split-plot design to evaluate the effect of fertilizer placement method on weed growth and grain yield in a dry-seeded rice (DSR) system. Main-plot treatments were four fertilizer placement methods: between narrow rows (between 15-cm-wide rows of the pattern 25-15-25 cm), between uniform rows (between 20-cm-wide rows), within uniform rows, and surface broadcast. Subplot treatments were three weed control methods: herbicide-treated, nontreated, and weed-free. Weed biomass was greater in the nontreated plots than in the herbicide-treated plots. Herbicide application reduced weed biomass by 89% to 99% compared with the nontreated control. Fertilizer placement did not influence weed biomass in the herbicide-treated plots;however, it greatly influenced biomass in the nontreated plots. Fertilizer placement on the surface increased weed biomass (69 -71 g·m–2) compared with the placement of fertilizer below the soil surface (37 -57 g·m–2). Fertilizer placement did not influence weed density and biomass at 60 days after planting. Nontreated plots yielded 700 to 2080 kg·ha–1. Grain yield was similar between the herbicide-treated (2660-3250 kg·ha–1) and weed-free (2620-3430 kg·ha–1) plots. Grain yield was not influenced when basal fertilizer was banded within (2390-2500 kg·ha–1) or between rows (2530-2650 kg·ha–1). However, grain yield decreased when basal fertilizer was broadcast on the soil surface (2200 kg·ha–1). The results of our study demonstrated that rice yield was usually lower with surface broadcast of fertilizer than with subsurface fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, surface broadcast of basal fertilizer may result in high weed pressure in DSR systems.

关键词： Nitrogen Fertilizer Weed Biomass Weed Density Placement Asia

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