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Microglia out of place—mapping macrophages across the developing human body

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 210-212页

作者： Roman Sankowski Marco Prinz Institute of Neuropathology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Signalling Research Centres BIOsS and CIBSs University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

Macrophages(MΦs)are versatile cells found in every *** the body,they work tirelessly to maintain *** this end,they are instructed by their respective niches to express organ-specific genes and proteins,resulting in a variety of cell morphologies and highly specialized functions across different tissues[1].A recent study by Wang et *** single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively profile human MΦphenotypes across 19 organs between postconception weeks(PCW)4 and 26[2].This study revealed a surprising diversity of these cells and suggests new avenues of research.

关键词： organs instru

COmbination of Targeted temperature management and Thrombectomy after acute Ischemic Stroke(COTTIS):a pilot study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 258-267页

作者： Jürgen Bardutzky Rainer Kollmar Forat Al-Rawi Johann Lambeck Mohammad Fazel Christian Taschner Wolf-Dirk Niesen Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Neurology and Neurointensive Care Darmstadt HospitalDarmstadtGermany BrainCool AB LundSweden Department of Neuroradiology Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

Background To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a fast initiation of cooling to a target temperature of 35℃by means of transnasal cooling in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion(LVO)undergoing endovascular thrombectomy(EVT).Methods Patients with an LVO onset of<24hour who had an indication for EVT were included in the *** cooling(RhinoChill)was initiated immediately after the patient was intubated for EVT and continued until an oesophageal target temperature of 35℃was *** was maintained with surface cooling for 6-hour postrecanalisation,followed by active rewarming(+0.2℃/hour).The primary outcome was defined as the time required to reach 35℃,while secondary outcomes comprised clinical,radiological and safety *** Twenty-two patients(median age,77 years)were included in the study(14 received additional thrombolysis,4 additional stenting of the proximal internal carotid artery).The median time intervals were 309min for last-seen-normal-to-groin,58min for door-to-cooling-initiation,65min for door-to-groin and 123min for *** target temperature of 35℃was reached within 30min(range 13–78min),corresponding to a cooling rate of 2.6℃/*** recanalisation,86%of the patients had a body temperature of≤35℃.The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at admission was 15 and improved to 2 by day 7,and 68%of patients had a good outcome(modified Rankin Scale 0–2)at 3 *** complications included asymptomatic bradycardia(32%),pneumonia(18%)and asymptomatic haemorrhagic transformation(18%).Conclusion The combined application of hypothermia and thrombectomy was found to be feasible in sedated and ventilated *** events were comparable to those previously described for EVT in the absence of *** effect of this procedure will next be evaluated in the randomised COmbination of Targeted temperature management and Thrombectomy after acute Ischemic Stro

关键词： maintained continued initiated

A Review on Sources,Extractions and Analysis Methods of a Sustainable Biomaterial:Tannins

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第3期12卷 397-425页

作者： Antonio Pizzi Marie-Pierre Laborie Zeki Candan LERMAB University of LorraineFaculty of SciencesBlvd des AiguillettesNancy54000France Chair of Forest Biomaterials Institute of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany freiburg Materials Research Center Alberst Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburg79104Germany Department of Forest Products Engineering Faculty of ForestryIstanbul UniversitySariyerIstanbul34473Turkey

Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based *** are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry *** have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several *** review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and *** constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable *** doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.

关键词： Tannins flavonoids sources extraction methods analysis methods

Minimal Legendrian surfaces in the tangent sphere bundle of R3

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第11期67卷 2607-2628页

作者： Mingyan Li Guofang Wang School of Mathematical Sciences Ocean University of China Mathematisches Institut Albert-Ludwigs-Universit?t Freiburg

In this paper,we study minimal Legendrian surfaces Σ immersed in the tangent sphere bundle *** classify(1) totally geodesic Legendrian surfaces,(2) closed minimal Legendrian surfaces of genus smaller than or equal to 1 and complete minimal Legendrian surfaces with the non-negative Gauss curvature,and(3) complete stable minimal Legendrian surfaces.

关键词： 53C24 53C42 classification Legendrian surface stable minimal surface tangent sphere bundle

Extension of Flow Behaviour and Damage Models for Cast Iron Alloys with Strain Rate Effect

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第3期37卷 297-310页

作者： Chuang Liu Dongzhi Sun Xianfeng Zhang Florence Andrieux Tobias Gersterc School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials(IWM) 79108 FreiburgGermany Fraunhofer Institute for High Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institute(EMI)79104 FreiburgGermany

Cast iron alloys with low production cost and quite good mechanical properties are widely used in the automotive *** study the mechanical behavior of a typical ductile cast iron(GJS-450)with nodular graphite,uni-axial quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests at strain rates of 10^(-4),1,10,100,and 250 s^(-1)were carried *** order to investigate the influence of stress state on the deformation and fracture parameters,specimens with various geometries were used in the *** strain curves and fracture strains of the GJS-450 alloy in the strain rate range of 10^(-4)to 250 s^(-1)were obtained.A strain rate-dependent plastic flow model was proposed to describe the mechanical behavior in the corresponding strain-rate *** available damage model was extended to take the strain rate into account and calibrated based on the analysis of local fracture *** with the proposed plastic flow model and the damage model were conducted to observe the deformation and fracture *** results show that the strain rate has obviously nonlinear effects on the yield stress and fracture strain of GJS-450 *** predictions with the proposed plastic flow and damage models at various strain rates agree well with the experimental results,which illustrates that the rate-dependent plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of cast iron alloys at elevated strain *** proposed plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the deformation and fracture analysis of materials with similar properties.

关键词： Dynamic behavior of materials Strain rate dependency Damage model Voce model Cast iron

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Analysis of the acoustoelectric response of SAW gas sensors using a COM model

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 87-96页

作者： Yang Yuan Tao Yang Xi Chen Linglang Yu Xiaoxiao Hou Guangzu Zhang Wen Dong Zixiao Lu Honglang Li Leonhard Reindl Wei Luo School of Integrated Circuits Huazhong University of Science and Technology430074 WuhanPeople’s Republic of China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology100190 BeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Microsystems Engineering Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation and Embedded SystemsUniversity of Freiburg79110 FreiburgGermany Research Institute of Huazhong university of Science and Technology in Shenzhen 518057 ShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China

Surface acoustic wave(SAW)gas sensors based on the acoustoelectric effect exhibit wide application prospects for in situ gas ***,establishing accurate models for calculating the scattering parameters of SAW gas sensors remains a ***,we present a coupling of modes(COM)model that includes the acoustoelectric effect and specifically explains the nonmonotonic variation in the center frequency with respect to the sensing film’s sheet *** sensing parameters of the gas sensors,including the center frequency,insertion loss,and phase,were experimentally compared for accuracy and ***,the frequency of the phase extremum(FPE)shift was determined to vary monotonically,and the range of selectable test points was wide,making the FPE an appropriate response parameter for leveraging in SAW gas *** simulation results of the COM model were highly consistent with the experimental *** study is proposed to provide theoretical guidance for the future development of gas SAW sensors.

关键词： COM SAW establishing

Note on:“Ballistic model for the prediction of penetration depth and residual velocity in adobe:A new interpretation of the ballistic resistance of earthen masonry”

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 607-609页

作者： Andreas Heine Matthias Wickert Fraunhofer EMI Ernst-Zermelo-Str.479104FreiburgGermany

A recently published modeling approach for the penetration into adobe and previous approaches implicitly criticized are reviewed and *** article contains a note on the paper titled“Ballistic model for the prediction of penetration depth and residual velocity in adobe:A new interpretation of the ballistic resistance of earthen masonry”(DOI:https://***/10.1016/***.2018.07.017).Reply to the Note from Li Piani et al is linked to this article.

关键词： adobe prediction earth

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Development of pharmacological immunoregulatory anticancer therapeutics:current mechanistic studies and clinical opportunities

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2477-2526页

作者： Nanhao Yin Xintong Li Xuanwei Zhang Shaolong Xue Yu Cao Gabriele Niedermann You Lu Jianxin Xue Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment Cancer Center&State Key Laboratory of Biotherapyand The National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityNo.37Guoxue LaneChengdu 610041 SichuanPR China Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityNo.20Section 3South Renmin RoadChengdu 610041 SichuanPR China Department of Emergency Medicine Laboratory of Emergency MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityNo.37Guoxue LaneChengdu 610041 SichuanPR China Institute of Disaster Medicine&Institute of Emergency Medicine Sichuan UniversityNo.17Gaopeng AvenueChengdu 610041 SichuanPR China Department of Radiation Oncology Medical Center—University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgGerman Cancer Consortium(DKTK)Partner Site DKTK-FreiburgRobert-Koch-Strasse 379106 FreiburgGermany Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy West China HospitalSichuan UniversityNo.2222Xinchuan RoadChengdu 610041 SichuanPR China

Immunotherapy represented by anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment,but challenges related to resistance and toxicity still *** to the advancement of immuno-oncology,an increasing number of novel immunoregulatory targets and mechanisms are being revealed,with relevant therapies promising to improve clinical immunotherapy in the foreseeable ***,comprehending the larger picture is *** this review,we analyze and summarize the current landscape of preclinical and translational mechanistic research,drug development,and clinical trials that brought about next-generation pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer agents and drug candidates beyond classical immune checkpoint *** with further clarification of cancer immunobiology and advances in antibody engineering,agents targeting additional inhibitory immune checkpoints,including LAG-3,TIM-3,TIGIT,CD47,and B7 family members are becoming an important part of cancer immunotherapy research and discovery,as are structurally and functionally optimized novel anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 agents and agonists of co-stimulatory molecules of T *** by bispecific T cell engagers,newly emerging bi-specific and multi-specific antibodies targeting immunoregulatory molecules can provide considerable clinical ***-generation agents also include immune epigenetic drugs and cytokine-based *** therapies,cancer vaccines,and oncolytic viruses are not covered in this *** comprehensive review might aid in further development and the fastest possible clinical adoption of effective immuno-oncology modalities for the benefit of patients.

关键词： clinical immuno landscape

Dependence of impact regime boundaries on the initial temperatures of projectiles and targets

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 49-57页

作者： Stefano Signetti Andreas Heine Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik Ernst-Mach-InstitutEMIErnst-Zermelo-Str.479104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany

Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material *** effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase *** particular,it is of great interest to quantify the conditions for incipient or full melting of metals during impact interactions,which result in a transition from still strength-affected to hydrodynamic material *** this work,we investigate to which extent the respective melting thresholds are also dependent on the initial,and generally elevated,temperatures of projectiles and targets before *** is studied through the application of a model developed recently by the authors to characterize the transition regime between high-velocity and hypervelocity impact,for which the melting thresholds of materials were used as the defining *** obtained results are expected to be of general interest for ballistic application cases where projectiles or targets are *** conditions might result,for example,from aerodynamic forces acting onto a projectile during atmospheric flight,explosive shapedcharge-jet formation or armor exposure to environmental *** performed analyses also broaden the scientific understanding of the relevance of temperature in penetration events,generally known since the 1960s,but often not considered thoroughly in impact studies.

关键词： Ballistic impact Thermal effects Metallic targets Energy partitioning Homologous temperature

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