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Small extracellular vesicles derived from cerebral endothelial cells with elevated microRNA 27a promote ischemic stroke recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 224-233页

作者： Yi Zhang Zhongwu Liu Michael Chopp Michael Millman Yanfeng Li Pasquale Cepparulo Amy Kemper Chao Li Li Zhang Zheng Gang Zhang Department of Neurology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Department of physics Oakland UniversityRochesterMIUSA Department of Pathology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Division of Pharmacology Department of NeuroscienceReproductive and Dentistry SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of Naples“Federico Ⅱ”NaplesItaly

Axonal remodeling is a critical aspect of ischemic brain repair processes and contributes to spontaneous functional *** previous in vitro study demonstrated that exosomes/small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)isolated from cerebral endothelial cells(CEC-sEVs)of ischemic brain promote axonal growth of embryonic cortical neurons and that microRNA 27a(miR-27a)is an elevated miRNA in ischemic *** the present study,we investigated whether normal CEC-sEVs engineered to enrich their levels of miR-27a(27a-sEVs)further enhance axonal growth and improve neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke when compared with treatment with non-engineered CEC-sEVs.27a-sEVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of healthy mouse CECs transfected with a lentiviral miR-27a expression *** EVs isolated from CECs transfected with a scramble vector(Scra-sEVs)were used as a *** male mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and then were randomly treated with 27a-sEVs or *** array of behavior assays was used to measure neurological *** with treatment of ischemic stroke with Scra-sEVs,treatment with 27a-sEVs significantly augmented axons and spines in the peri-infarct zone and in the corticospinal tract of the spinal grey matter of the denervated side,and significantly improved neurological *** vitro studies demonstrated that CEC-sEVs carrying reduced miR-27a abolished 27a-sEV-augmented axonal *** analysis revealed that 27a-sEVs systemically administered preferentially localized to the pre-synaptic active zone,while quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot analysis showed elevated miR-27a,and reduced axonal inhibitory proteins Semaphorin 6A and Ras Homolog Family Member A in the peri-infarct *** of the Clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway substantially reduced neuronal internalization of *** data provide evidence that 27a-sEVs have

关键词： axonal remodeling cerebral endothelial cells exosomes miR-27a mitochondria Semaphorin 6A small extracellular vesicles stroke

Application of physics for Understanding the Earth’s Reverse Gravity

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第1期11卷 119-126页

作者： Subhasis Sen retired Scientist Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Kolkata India

The prevalent view endorses that the force of gravitation of the earth is directed towards the centre of the planet, in consequence of which, temperature and pressure at the deepest part of the planet must be very high. This view leads to the conclusion that the inner core or deepest part of the planet, though constituted of iron through which magnetic lines of force emanate, cannot be magnetic. The author has shown that amongst the earth’s three geospheres, fluid outer core that occurs between mantle and inner core, is a void zone which, because of the association of some particles from the mantle, apparently shows fluid characteristics. Occurrence of a virtually void zone in the planet’s deep interior separated by a solid mantle and iron inner core would generate a reversely directed gravitational force due to which pressure and temperature at the deepest part of the earth would be sufficiently low. Hence, the earth’s solid inner core, constituted of iron, is a dipolar permanent magnet. The paper envisages that the concept of reverse gravity presented here needs to be validated by physicists since it is an original view. The concept put forward here, not only explains the cause of earth’s magnetic phenomena, but also elucidates continental drifting and several other features of the planet in a scientifically accepted manner, thereby refuting the possibility of occurrence of convection current in the mantle which is solid and rigid.

关键词： Gravitation Mantle Inner Core Reverse Gravity Void Zone Dipolar Permanent Magnet Meteorite

High-energy nuclear physics meets machine learning

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第6期34卷 9-41页

作者： Wan-Bing He Yu-Gang Ma Long-Gang Pang Hui-Chao Song Kai Zhou Key Laboratory of Nuclear physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear physics NSFC and Fudan UniversityShanghai200438China Institute of Particle physics and Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton physics(MOE) Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China School of physics and Center for High Energy physics Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies(FIAS) 60438Frankfurt am MainGermany

Although seemingly disparate,high-energy nuclear physics(HENP)and machine learning(ML)have begun to merge in the last few years,yielding interesting *** is worthy to raise the prof.le of utilizing this novel mindset from ML in HENP,to help interested readers see the breadth of activities around this *** aim of this mini-review is to inform the community of the current status and present an overview of the application of ML to *** different aspects and using examples,we examine how scientific questions involving HENP can be answered using ML.

关键词： Heavy-ion collisions Machine learning Initial state Bulk properties Medium effects Hard probes Observables

Current status of neutrino physics

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Chinese physics C 2010年第2期34卷 287-298页

作者：杨炳麟 Department of physics and Astronomy Iowa State University Institute of Theoretical physics Chinese Academy of Scineces

A summary of the current status of neutrino oscillations is given. We also include a brief description of the earlier development of neutrino physics and illustrate the roles that neutrinos play in several areas other... 详细信息

关键词： neutrino oscillation Daya-bay experiment

A Qualitative Assessment of Medical Diagnosis Capabilities of Three Artificial Intelligence Models: ChatGPT-4o, CodyMD, and Dr. Gupta

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第11期12卷 243-254页

作者： Yordanka Eneva Bora Dogan Department of physics and Biophysics Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Varna Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov Varna Bulgaria

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform medical diagnostics by enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic processes. Its application in clinical practice can greatly support medical prof.ssionals by offering improved tools for faster and more precise diagnoses. Understanding AI’s capabilities is essential for its successful integration into medical diagnostics. In this context, evaluating the performance of different AI models in the diagnostic process becomes particularly important. The objective of this study is to qualitatively evaluate the diagnostic performance of three AI models—ChatGPT-4o, CodyMD, and Dr. Gupta—based on patient-reported symptoms. Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare the three AI models in terms of diagnostic accuracy, the level of detail in the provided information, the interaction between the models and patients, and the number of differential diagnoses offered. Results: ChatGPT-4o achieved the highest accuracy, correctly diagnosing 90% of the cases. The model provides basic information and focuses on a single most likely diagnosis. CodyMD and Dr. Gupta achieved 50% accuracy, with CodyMD using an interactive approach and offering differential diagnoses with probability percentages for each. Dr. Gupta provided educational medical information and differential diagnoses without probability estimates. Conclusions: The AI models assessed can assist medical prof.ssionals in the diagnostic process, but they require further refinement and optimization. ChatGPT-4o stands out for its high accuracy, though increased patient interaction is needed. CodyMD excels in offering an interactive approach and more detailed responses, but requires improved accuracy. Dr. Gupta provided differential diagnoses, but the information provided is suitable for educational purposes. While these models show potential for clinical use, further research is needed to optimize and validate them in real-world settings.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Medical Diagnostics ChatGPT-4o CodyMD Dr. Gupta Qualitative Assessment

Defects‑Rich Heterostructures Trigger Strong Polarization Coupling in Sulfides/Carbon Composites with Robust Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 528-547页

作者： Jiaolong Liu Siyu Zhang Dan Qu Xuejiao Zhou Moxuan Yin Chenxuan Wang Xuelin Zhang Sichen Li Peijun Zhang Yuqi Zhou Kai Tao Mengyang Li Bing Wei Hongjing Wu Mengyang Li Bing Wei Hongjing Wu School of physics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China School of Microelectronics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China School of Telecommunication Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Material physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary School of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems forAerospace School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern PolytechnicalUniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China

Defects-rich heterointerfaces integrated with adjustable crystalline phases and atom vacancies,as well as veiled dielectric-responsive character,are instrumental in electromagnetic *** methods,however,constrain their delicate ***,an innovative alternative is proposed:carrageenan-assistant cations-regulated(CACR)strategy,which induces a series of sulfides nanoparticles rooted in situ on the surface of carbon *** unique configuration originates from strategic vacancy formation energy of sulfides and strong sulfides-carbon support interaction,benefiting the delicate construction of defects-rich heterostructures in M_(x)S_(y)/carbon composites(M-CAs).Impressively,these generated sulfur vacancies are firstly found to strengthen electron accumulation/consumption ability at heterointerfaces and,simultaneously,induct local asymmetry of electronic structure to evoke large dipole moment,ultimately leading to polarization coupling,i.e.,defect-type interfacial ***“Janus effect”(Janus effect means versatility,as in the Greek two-headed Janus)of interfacial sulfur vacancies is intuitively confirmed by both theoretical and experimental investigations for the first ***,the sulfur vacancies-rich heterostructured Co/Ni-CAs displays broad absorption bandwidth of 6.76 GHz at only 1.8 mm,compared to sulfur vacancies-free CAs without any dielectric *** defects-rich heterostructures,this one-pot CACR strategy may steer the design and development of advanced nanomaterials,boosting functionality across diverse application domains beyond electromagnetic response.

关键词： Defects-rich heterointerfaces Sulfides Polarization coupling Electromagnetic wave absorption

Prospects of nuclear physics research using rare isotope beams at RAON in Korea

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2015年第2期26卷 96-103页

作者： Byungsik Hong Department of physics Korea University

Korea plans to build a new radioactive ion-beam accelerator RAON together with various experimental facilities. In particular, KOBRA(the Korea Broad Acceptance Recoil Spectrometer & Apparatus) and LAMPS(the Large-Acceptance Multi-Purpose Spectrometer) will be constructed for the nuclear physics *** primary goal of KOBRA is to study the structure of exotic nuclei near drip lines and various astrophysical processes at low energies. On the other hand, LAMPS will investigate the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy in wide beam energy range up to 2 times normal nuclear densities. This paper provides an overview of RAON and the experimental setup for the nuclear physics program.

关键词：物理过程韩国同位素横梁放射性离子束实验设施密度依赖能量范围

Modified Wave Particle Duality and Black Hole physics

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Communications in Theoretical physics 2007年第7期48卷 93-98页

作者： LI Xiang Department of physics,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330047,China Department of physics Nanchang University

de Broglie relation is revisited,in consideration of a generalization of canonical commuting *** effects on particle's localization and black hole physics are also discussed,in a heuristic manner.

关键词： wave-particle duality dispersion relation localization limit black hole entropy

Some recent theoretical progress in Higgs boson and top quark physics at hadron colliders

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第29期59卷 3709-3728页

作者： Chong-Sheng Li Hai-Tao Li Ding-Yu Shao School of physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear physics and Technology Peking University Center for High Energy physics Peking University

The test of the Standard Model and search for New physics signal are main aim of LHC *** the increasing of the measurement accuracy at the LHC,it is a major task in future to exceed the current accuracy of the theoretical predictions for important processes,in particular ones involving Higgs boson and top *** this review we briefly summarize some recent theoretical progress in Higgs boson and top quark physics,especially the fixed-order and resummation predictions in QCD at both the Tevatron and the LHC.

关键词：希格斯玻色子物理信号顶夸克强子对撞机 LHC实验 Tevatron 测量精度理论预测