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Real-World Treatment Adherence to Smoking Cessation Medications and Association with Treatment Outcome—27 Centers,China,2017–2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第22期6卷 522-529,I0001-I0003页

作者： Anqi Cheng Zhao Liu Xinmei Zhou Zheng Su Dan Xiao Chen Wang the China National Tobacco Cessation Cohort Study(CNTCCS)Study Group Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of respiratory Disease Center of Respiratory MedicineChina-Japan Friendship Hospital/WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention/National Center for Respiratory Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases/Institute of Respiratory MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Center of Respiratory MedicineChina-Japan Friendship Hospital/WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention/China National Center for Respiratory Medicine/China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesBeijingChina Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College BeijingChina 不详

What is already known about this topic?Medication non-adherence significantly impedes smoking cessation *** effective smoking cessation medications are accessible in China,realworld adherence and its correlation with treatment outcomes remain largely *** is added by this report?From December 2017 to January 2022,1,120 participants were recruited from 27 centers in all seven geographical regions of *** revealed that only 38.2%of smokers adhered to the prescribed 12-week smoking cessation treatment and those with a higher education level were more likely to be *** addition,smokers with good adherence were more likely to successfully quit *** are the implications for public health practice?The data obtained could enhance our understanding of smoking cessation practices in *** adherence is a crucial strategy to enhance the effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments and management provided to smokers.

关键词： China smoke likely

Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia with inhaled antibiotics

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第3期15卷 165-168页

作者： Stephan Ehrmann Jie Li Intensive Care Medicine INSERM CIC 1415CRICS-TriggerSep FCRIN research networkUniversity Hospital Center in ToursTours 37044France respiratory Pathology research Center National Institute of Health and Medical ResearchTours 37000France Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences Division of Respiratory CareRush UniversityChicago 60612USA

The direct delivery of inhaled antibiotics to the respiratory tract has been a subject of enduring interest among medical practitioners and researchers due to the associated favorable *** interest has been particularly pronounced in the context of critically illpatients,wherehealthcare-associatedpulmonary infections represent a significant challenge,driving continued exploration of inhaled antibiotics for intubated *** high-level evidence has shown a very promising application in the field of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention.^([1]).

关键词： pneumonia ventilator respiratory

Intranasal adenovirus-vectored Omicron vaccine induced nasal immunoglobulin A has superior neutralizing potency than serum antibodies

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3507-3518页

作者： Si Chen Zhengyuan Zhang Qian Wang Qi Yang Li Yin Lishan Ning Zhilong Chen Jielin Tang Weiqi Deng Ping He Hengchun Li Linjing Shi yjun Deng Zijian Liu Hemeng Bu Yaohui Zhu Wenming Liu Linbing Qu Ligiang Feng Xiaoli Xiong Baoqing Sun Nanshan Zhong Feng Li ingchao Li Xinwen Chen Ling Chen Guangzhou Institute of Infectious Disease Guangzhou Eighth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangzhou National Laboratory GuangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of respiratory Disease Center for Cell Lineage ResearchGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Xiamen United Institute of respiratory Health XiamenChina

The upper respiratory tract is the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 *** spike-specific secretory immunoglobulin A(slgA)correlates with protection against Omicron breakthrough *** report that intranasal vaccination using human adenovirus serotype 5(Ad5)vectored Omicron spike in people who previously vaccinated with ancestral vaccine could induce robust neutralizing slgA in the nasal *** slgA was predominantly present in dimeric and multimeric forms and accounted for nearly 40%of total proteins in nasal mucosal lining fluids(NMLFs).A low-level IgG could also be detected in NMLFs but not IgM,IgD,and *** a complete nasal wash,slgA in the nasal passage could be replenished rapidly within a few hours.A comparison of purified paired serum IgA,serum IgG,and nasal slgA from the same individuals showed that slgA was up to 3-logs more potent than serum antibodies in binding to spikes and in neutralizing Omicron *** IgG and IgA failed to neutralize XBB and BA.2.86,while nasal slgA retained potent neutralization against these newly emerged *** analysis showed that slgA Was more effective than IgG or IgA in blocking spike-mediated cell-to-cell transmission and protecting hACE2 mice from XBB *** a slgA monoclonal antibody as a reference,we estimated that the total nasal slgA contains about 2.6-3.9%spikespecific slgA in NMLFs collected approximately one month after intranasal *** study provided insights for developing intranasal vaccines that can induce slgA to build an effective and mutation-resistant first-line immune barrier against constantly emerging variants.

关键词： nasal antibodies neutral

Thermal stability improvement and microstructure optimization of high cobalt content Nd-Fe-B magnets via terbium grain boundary diffusion

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第8期42卷 1531-1538,I0004页

作者： Jiyuan Xu Ruiyang Meng Jing Liu Jiateng Zhang Rui Han Yikun Fang Shengzhi Dong Wei Li division of Functional Materials research Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing100081China

The substitution of Fe by Co in the 2:14:1 phase is an effective method to increase the Curie temperature and enhance the thermal stability of the Nd-Fe-B ***,the accumulation of Co ele ment at the grain boundaries(GBs) changes the GBs from nonmagnetic to ferromagnetic and causes the thinlayer GBs to become rare,In this paper,the method of diffusing Tb element was chosen to improve the microstructure and temperature stability of high-Co *** original sintered Nd_(28.5)Dy_(3)-CO_(x)e_(bal)M_(0.6)B_(i)(x=0,6 wt%,12 wt%;M = Cu,Al,Zr) magnets with different Co contents were diffused with Tb by grain boundary diffusion(GBD).After GBD,high-Co magnets exhibit more continuously distributed thin-layer GBs,and their thermal stability is significantly *** high-Co magnets(x=6 wt%),the absolute value of the temperature coefficient of coercivity decreases from 0.603%/K to0.508%/K in the temperature range of 293-413 K,that of remanence decreases from 0.099%/K to 0.091%/K,and the coercivity increases from 18.44 to 25.04 *** electron microscopy(TEM)characterization reveals that there are both the 1:2 phase and the amorphous phase in the high-Co magnet before and after GBD,EDS elemental analysis shows that Tb element is more likely to preferentially replace the rare earth elements in the 2:14:1 main phase than in the 1:2 phase and the amorphous *** concentration of Tb at the edge of the main phase is much higher than that in the 1:2phase and amorphous phase,which is beneficial to the improvement of the *** preferential replacement of Tb elements at the edge of the 2:14:1 phase and thin-layer GBs with a more continuous distribution are synergistically responsible for improving the thermal stability of high-Co *** study indicates that GBD is an effective method to improve the microstructure and thermal stability of high-Co magnets.

关键词： Nd-Fe-B magnets Coercivity Grain boundary diffusion Thermal stability Micro structure Rare earths

PD-L1-driven efficient enrichment and elimination of circulating cancer cells by magnetic MoSe_(2) nanosheet

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Nano research 2024年第5期17卷 4350-4358页

作者： Hongjie Huang Binhua Zou Shanlin Zhu Xingchen Zhang Jiale Huang Jinlin Wang Xiaoling Li Tianfeng Chen The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Jinan UniversityDongguan 523566China Department of Chemistry Institute of Food Safety and NutritionJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseNational Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China

Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are important biomarkers in the development and progression of lung cancer because they can reach other organs through the blood circulation and form distant metastases,exacerbating lung cancer *** presence of CTCs is also the main reason for the failure of nanomedicine-based lung cancer ***,magnetic MoSe_(2) nanosheets loaded with programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1),named PD-L1-MFP NS,were employed here to precisely capture lung cancer CTCs in the blood circulation through the tumor-targeting effect of PD-L1 killing CTCs with highly effective photothermal therapy(PTT).In addition,by increasing the expression of cytomegalovirus UL16-binding protein(ULBP)ligands on tumor cells,the PD-L1-MFP NS further activated natural killer(NK)cells and triggered NK cell-induced cancer immunotherapy,thereby enhancing the overall tumor-killing *** summary,this material designed to capture CTCs provides a substantial advancement for personalized PTT-triggered immunotherapy and has great clinical translational potential.

关键词： circulating tumor cells selenide photothermal therapy(PTT) natural killer(NK)cell immunotherapy

Initial COVID-19 severity influenced by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells imprints T-cell memory and inversely affects reinfection

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2791-2803页

作者： Gang Yang Jinpeng Cao Jian Qin Xinyue Mei Shidong Deng Yingjiao Xia Jun Zhao Junxiang Wang Tao Luan Daxiang Chen Peiyu Huang Cheng Chen Xi Sun Qi Luo Jie Su Yunhui Zhang Nanshan Zhong Zhongfang Wang The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology.Department of respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan provinceKunmingYunnanChina Guangzhou National Laboratory BiolandGuangzhouGuangdongChina State Key Laboratory of respiratory Disease&National Clinical research Center for respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina

The immunoprotective components control COVID-19 disease severity,as well as long-term adaptive immunity maintenance and subsequent reinfection risk discrepancies across initial COVID-19 severity,remain ***,we longitudinally analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific immune effectors during the acute infection and convalescent phases of 165 patients with COVID-19 categorized by *** found that early and robust SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell responses ameliorate disease progression and shortened hospital stay,while delayed and attenuated virus-specific CD8^(+)T cell responses are prominent severe COVID-19 *** antiviral antibody generation rather than titer level associates with severe ***,initial COVID-19 severity imprints the long-term maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity,demonstrating that severe convalescents exhibited more sustained virus-specific antibodies and memory T cell responses compared to mild/moderate ***,initial COVID-19 severity inversely correlates with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection ***,our study unravels the complicated interaction between temporal characteristics of virus-specific T cell responses and COVID-19 severity to guide future SARS-CoV-2 wave management.

关键词： severity immunity infection

Ciclopirox inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by promoting the degradation of the nucleocapsid protein

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2505-2519页

作者： Xiafei Wei Yuzheng Zhou Xiaotong Shen Lujie Fan Donglan Liu Xiang Gao Jian Zhou Yezi Wu Yunfei Li Wei Feng Zheng Zhang Institute for Hepatology National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518112China Guangzhou Laboratory Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511495China State Key Laboratory of respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China

The nucleocapsid protein(NP)plays a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 replication and is the most abundant structural protein with a long *** its vital role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)assembly and host inflammatory response,it remains an unexplored target for drug *** this study,we identified a small-molecule compound(ciclopirox)that promotes NP degradation using an FDA-approved library and a drug-screening cell *** significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication both in vitro and in vivo by inducing NP *** induced abnormal NP aggregation through indirect interaction,leading to the formation of condensates with higher viscosity and lower *** condensates were subsequently degraded via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway,ultimately resulting in a shortened NP half-life and reduced NP *** results suggest that NP is a potential drug target,and that ciclopirox holds substantial promise for further development to combat SARS-CoV-2 replication.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein Viral replication Ciclopirox Abnormal aggregation Protein degradation Autophagy-lysosome Drug target

Deep learning-based lung sound analysis for intelligent stethoscope

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Military Medical research 2024年第4期11卷 567-588页

作者： Dong-Min Huang Jia Huang Kun Qiao Nan-Shan Zhong Hong-Zhou Lu Wen-Jin Wang Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen 518112GuangdongChina Guangzhou Institute of respiratory Health China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseasethe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China

Auscultation is crucial for the diagnosis of respiratory system ***,traditional stethoscopes have inherent limitations,such as inter-listener variability and subjectivity,and they cannot record respiratory sounds for offline/retrospective diagnosis or remote prescriptions in *** emergence of digital stethoscopes has overcome these limitations by allowing physicians to store and share respiratory sounds for consultation and *** this basis,machine learning,particularly deep learning,enables the fully-automatic analysis of lung sounds that may pave the way for intelligent *** review thus aims to provide a comprehensive overview of deep learning algorithms used for lung sound analysis to emphasize the significance of artificial intelligence(AI)in this *** focus on each component of deep learning-based lung sound analysis systems,including the task categories,public datasets,denoising methods,and,most importantly,existing deep learning methods,i.e.,the state-of-the-art approaches to convert lung sounds into two-dimensional(2D)spectrograms and use convolutional neural networks for the end-to-end recognition of respiratory diseases or abnormal lung ***,this review highlights current challenges in this field,including the variety of devices,noise sensitivity,and poor interpretability of deep *** address the poor reproducibility and variety of deep learning in this field,this review also provides a scalable and flexible open-source framework that aims to standardize the algorithmic workflow and provide a solid basis for replication and future extension:https://***/contactless-healthcare/Deep-Learning-for-Lung-Sound-Analysis.

关键词： Deep learning Lung sound analysis respiratory sounds

Recent research in mechanical properties of geopolymer-based ultrahigh-performance concrete:A review

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 67-88页

作者： G.Murali division of research&Innovation Uttaranchal UniversityDehradun 248007India

Due to the growing need for sustainable and ultra-high-strength construction materials,scientists have created an innovative ultra-high-performance concrete called Geopolymer based ultra-highperformance concrete(GUHPC).Besides,in the last few decades,there have been a lot of explosions and ballistic attacks around the world,which have killed many civilians and fighters in border *** this context,this article reviews the fresh state and mechanical properties of ***,the ingredients of GUHPC and fresh properties such as setting time and flowability are briefly ***,the review of compressive strength,flexure strength,tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of fibrous ***,the blast and projectile impact resistance performance was ***,the microstructural characteristics were reviewed using the scanning electron microscope and X-ray Powder *** review outcome reveals that the mechanical properties were increased when 30%silica fume was added to a higher dose of steel fibre to improve the microstructure of *** is hypothesized that the brittleness of GUHPC was mitigated by adding 1.5%steel fibre reinforcement,which played a role in the decrease of contact explosion cratering and *** the need for cement in GUHPC was a key factor in the review,indicating a promising potential for lowering carbon ***,GUHPC research is still in its early stages,so more study is required before its full potential can be utilized.

关键词： Mechanical properties Blast Projectile impact Fibre Geopolymer Silica fume Alkaline activators