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The AaBBX21–AaHY5 module mediates light-regulated artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1735-1751页

作者： Weizhi He Hang Liu Zhangkuanyu Wu Qing Miao Xinyi Hu Xin Yan Hangyu Wen Yaojie Zhang Xueqing Fu Li Ren Kexuan Tang Ling Li Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Joint International ResearchLaboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesKey Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(South)Ministry of AgriculturePlant Biotechnology Research CenterFudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D CenterSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 201403China

The sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin is an important anti-malarial component produced by the glandular secretory trichomes of sweet wormwood(Artemisia annua L.).Light was previously shown to promote artemisinin production,but the underlying regulatory mechanism remains *** this study,we demonstrate that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5(HY5),a central transcription factor in the light signaling pathway,cannot promote artemisinin biosynthesis on its own,as the binding of AaHY5 to the promoters of artemisinin biosynthetic genes failed to activate their *** analysis and yeast two-hybrid screening revealed the B-box transcription factor AaBBX21 as a potential interactor with ***21 showed a trichome-specific expression ***,the AaBBX21–AaHY5 complex cooperatively activated transcription from the promoters of the downstream genes AaGSW1,AaMYB108,and AaORA,encoding positive regulators of artemisinin ***,AaHY5 and AaBBX21 physically interacted with the *** E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1(COP1).In the dark,AaCOP1 decreased the accumulation of AaHY5 and AaBBX21 and repressed the activation of genes downstream of the AaHY5–AaBBX21 complex,explaining the enhanced production of artemisinin upon light *** study provides insights into the central regulatory mechanism by which light governs terpenoid biosynthesis in the plant kingdom.

关键词： AaBBX21 AaHY5 AaCOP1 Artemisia annua L. artemisinin biosynthesis light

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Changes in Metabolites and Allelopathic Effects of Non-Pigmented and Black-Pigmented Lowland Indica Rice Varieties in Phosphorus Deficiency

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 434-448,I0025,I0026页

作者： Liyana SARA Sompop SAEHENG Panupong PUTTARAK Lompong KLINNAWEE division of Biological Science Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand division of Health and Applied Sciences Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand Plant Cell and Physiology for Sustainable Agriculture research Unit Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesPrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical biotechnology Excellence Center Prince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand

Phosphorus(P) levels alter the allelopathic activity of rice seedlings against lettuce seeds. In this study, we investigated the effect of P deficiency on the allelopathic potential of non-pigmented and pigmented rice varieties. Rice seedlings of the white variety Khao Dawk Mali(KDML105, non-pigmented) and the black varieties Jao Hom Nin(JHN, pigmented) and Riceberry(RB, pigmented) were cultivated under high P(HP) and low P(LP) conditions. Morphological and metabolic responses to P deficiency were investigated. P deficiency inhibited shoot growth but promoted root growth of rice seedlings in all three varieties. Moreover, P deficiency led to decreased cytosolic phosphate(Pi) and total P concentrations in both shoot and root tissues. The subsequent reduction in internal P concentration enhanced the accumulation of phenolic compounds in both shoot and root tissues of the seedlings. Subsequently, allelopathy-based inter-and intra-specific interactions were assessed using water extracts from seedlings of the three varieties grown under HP and LP conditions. These extracts were tested on seeds of lettuce, the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and the same rice variety. The shoot and root extracts from P-deficient seedlings reduced the germination of all recipient plants. Specifically, the shoot extract from P-deficient KDML105 seedlings reduced the germination index(GI) of lettuce seeds to 1%, while those from P-deficient RB and JHN seedlings produced GIs of 32% and 42%, respectively. However, when rice seeds were exposed to their own LP shoot and root extracts, their GIs increased up to 4-fold, compared with the HP extracts. Additionally, the shoot extracts from P-deficient plants also stimulated the germination of D. aegyptium by about 2–3-fold, whereas the root extracts did not have this effect. Therefore, P starvation led to the accumulation and exudation of phenolics in the shoots and roots of rice seedlings, altering their allelopathic activities. To adapt to P defici

关键词： phosphorus deficiency non-pigmented and black-pigmented rice phenolics extract allelopathy

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Study of Type-B QPOs Observed in Black Hole X-Ray Binary Swift J1728.9-3613

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 1-9页

作者： Raj Kumar Astrophysical Sciences division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400094India

We report the detection of type-B quasi-periodic oscillation(QPO)of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1728.9-3613 observed by NICER during the 2019 outburst.A type-B QPO was observed for the first two days and it disappeared as flux increased,but again appeared at∼7.70 Hz when flux was dramatically *** source was found in the soft intermediate state during these *** further studied the energy dependence of the *** found that QPO was observed only for a higher energy range implying that the origin of QPO is possibly due to the corona emitting higher energy photons by the inverse Compton *** variation of spectral parameters can be explained with the disk truncation *** fractional rms was found to be monotonically increased with *** phase lag spectrum followed the“U-shaped”*** rms and phase lag spectrum are modeled and explained with the single-component Comptonization model vkompthdk.

关键词： X-rays binaries-accretion-accretion disks-X-rays individual (Swift J1728.9-3613)

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Design of a Novel Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets for Lysozyme Detection

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第1期8卷 16-27页

作者： Tavoos Beiki Ghasem Najafpour-Darzi Maedeh Mohammadi Mohsen Shakeri biotechnology research Laboratory Department of Chemical EngineeringBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyBabol 47148-71167Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering Babol Noshirvani University of TechnologyBabol 47148-71167Iran

The precise detection of lysozyme plays a crucial role in early diagnosis of kidney failure in leukemia ***,we designed an electrochemical aptasensor to detect lysozyme using a glassy carbon electrode(GCE)modified with molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))nanosheets decorated with chitosan(Ch)and gold nanoparticles(Au).In the next steps of aptasensor preparation,aptamer(Apt)strands were immobilized on MoS_(2)-Au-Ch/GCE surface via electrostatic interactions,and bovine serum albumin(BSA)solution was applied to cover unbonded areas on Apt/MoS_(2)-Au-Ch/*** MoS_(2)-Au-Ch nanocomposite can warrant enhanced immobilization of aptamers and strong signals because of wrinkle-like structure and base planes in MoS nanosheets,presence of abundant amino and carboxyl functional groups in chitosan and Au *** pulse voltammetry(DPV)was used to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of the aptasensor at each preparation step and its detection *** developed electrochemical aptasensor based on MoS nanosheets showed remarkable performance for lysozyme detection in the range from 1 pmol/L to 10 nmol/L with a limit of detection of 2.2 fmol/*** proposed aptasensor provided excellent selectivity against BSA,uric acid,cytochrome C,lysozyme and their *** addition,it displayed great stability of about 99.58%of the initial signal upon 21-day *** on human serum and urine samples yielded promising recoveries ranging from 98 to 105%.Hence,MoS_(2)-Au-Ch nanocomposite-based aptasensor could be an outstanding candidate for medical device applications and protein quantification.

关键词： Electrochemical aptasensor Lysozyme MoS_(2)nanosheets Apt/MoS_(2)-Au-Ch/GCE

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Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury:role of astrocytes and microglia

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第8期19卷 1678-1685页

作者： Sydney Brockie Cindy Zhou Michael G.Fehlings division of Genetics and Development Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoONCanada division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin,with the latter rising in incidence and prevalence with the aging demographics of our *** r,as the global population ages,individuals with co-existent degenerative spinal pathology comprise a growing number of traumatic spinal cord injury cases,especially involving the cervical spinal *** makes recovery and treatment approaches particula rly challenging as age and comorbidities may limit regenerative *** these reasons,it is critical to better understand the complex milieu of spinal cord injury lesion pathobiology and the ensuing inflammatory *** review discusses microglia-specific purinergic and cytokine signaling pathways,as well as microglial modulation of synaptic stability and plasticity after ***,we evaluate the role of astrocytes in neurotransmission and calcium signaling,as well as their border-forming response to neural *** the inflammatory and reparative roles of these cells have eluded our complete understanding and remain key therapeutic targets due to their extensive structural and functional roles in the nervous *** advances have shed light on the roles of glia in neurotransmission and reparative injury responses that will change how interventions are *** key processes and existing knowledge gaps will allow future research to effectively target these cells and harness their regenerative potential.

关键词： astrocytes glial signaling microglia spinal cord injury synaptic transmission

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Molecular dynamics study of primary radiation damage in TiVTa concentrated solid-solution alloy

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 530-535页

作者：赵永鹏豆艳坤贺新福曹晗王林枫邓辉球杨文 Reactor Engineering Technology research division China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

The primary radiation damage in pure V and TiVTa concentrated solid-solution alloy(CSA)was studied using a molecular dynamics *** have performed displacement cascade simulations to explore the generation and evolution behavior of irradiation *** results demonstrate that the defect accumulation and agglomeration in TiVTa CSA are significantly suppressed compared to pure *** peak value of Frenkel pairs during cascade collisions in TiVTa CSA is much higher than that in pure V due to the lower formation energy of point ***,the longer lifetime of the thermal spike relaxation and slow energy dissipation capability of TiVTa CSA can facilitate the recombination of point *** defect agglomeration rate in TiVTa CSA is much lower due to the lower binding energy of interstitial clusters and reduced interstitial ***,the occurrence probability of dislocation loops in TiVTa CSA is lower than that in pure *** reduction in primary radiation damage may enhance the radiation resistance of TiVTa CSA,and the improved radiation tolerance is primarily attributed to the relaxation stage and long-term defect evolution rather than the ballistic *** results can provide fundamental insights into irradiation-induced defects evolution in refractory CSAs.

关键词： concentrated solid-solution alloy primary radiation damage molecular dynamics simulation

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Anticipating the lifespan: Predicting the durability of an anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell short stack over 50,000 h

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 606-613页

作者： Muhammad Zubair Khan Amjad Hussain Seung-Bok Lee Tak-Hyoung Lim Rak-Hyun Song Department of Materials Science & Engineering Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Hydrogen Energy research division Korea Institute of Energy Research Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)

In the present study, the operational lifetime of a solid oxide fuel(SOFC) short stack is predicted by investigating the performance degradation of both the short stack and its cells throughout 1000 h at 800°C. The short stack and integral cell voltages are continuously measured during the long-term test, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) conducted every 200 h. The short stack voltage decreased rapidly for the initial 200–300 h and afterwards, it decreased at a slow rate due to the increase in the Ohmic and polarization resistances in the same manner. Scanning electron microscopy results show that there is no delamination or cracking among constituent layers of the short-stack cells. The single degradation effects of the Ni coarsening in the anode, cation migration and surface segregation in cathode and oxide scale growth in metallic interconnect mesh are successfully integrated into a comprehensive lifetime prediction model. The experimentally measured voltage degradation data of the short stack fits well with the developed mathematical model and allows the successful prediction of the lifetime up to 50,000 h.

关键词： Degradation Impedance Lifetime SOFC Stack

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Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup diagnostics

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 94-100页

作者： Sunil KANCHI Rohit SHUKLA Archana SHARMA Pulsed Power and Electromagnetics division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreVisakhapatnam 531011India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400085India Beam Technology Development Group Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon *** triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.

关键词： coaxial plasma source triple Langmuir probe Faraday cup plasma density plasma temperature

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Methane Emission from Rice Fields:Necessity for Molecular Approach for Mitigation

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Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 159-178页

作者： Sujeevan RAJENDRAN Hyeonseo PARK Jiyoung KIM Soon Ju PARK Dongjin SHIN Jong-Hee LEE Young Hun SONG Nam-Chon PAEK Chul Min KIM Department of Horticulture Industry Wonkwang UniversityIksan 54538Korea Plant Molecular Biology and biotechnology research Center Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Department of Southern Area Crop Science National Institute of Crop ScienceMiryang 50424Korea Department of Agricultural biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Plant Science Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Anthropogenic methane emissions are a leading cause of the increase in global averagetemperatures,often referred to as global *** soils play a significant role in methaneproduction,where the anaerobic conditions promote the production of methane by *** fields contribute a considerable portion of agricultural methane emissions,as riceplants provide both factors that enhance and limit methane *** plants harbor both methaneproducingand methane-oxidizing *** from rice roots provide source for methaneproduction,while oxygen delivered from the root aerenchyma enhances methane *** haveshown that the diversity of these microorganisms depends on rice cultivars with some genes characterizedas harboring specific groups of microorganisms related to methane ***,there is still aneed for research to determine the balance between methane production and oxidation,as rice plantspossess the ability to regulate net methane *** agronomical practices,such as fertilizerand water management,have been employed to mitigate methane ***,studiescorrelating agronomic and chemical management of methane with productivity are ***,evidences for breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties are scattered largely due to the absence ofcoordinated breeding *** has indicated that phenotypic characteristics,such as rootbiomass,shoot architecture,and aerenchyma,are highly correlated with methane *** reviewdiscusses available studies that involve the correlation between plant characteristics and *** emphasizes the necessity and importance of breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties inaddition to existing agronomic,biological,and chemical *** review also delves into the idealphenotypic and physiological characteristics of low-methane-emitting rice and potential breeding techniques,drawing from studies conducted

关键词： methane emission rice breeding aerenchyma greenhouse gas radial oxygen loss

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Single-cell transcriptomes provide insights into expansion of glial cells in Bombyx mori

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1041-1054页

作者： Xiaojing Liu Zhongjie Zhang Bo Hu Kai Chen Ye Yu Hui Xiang Anjiang Tan Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and biotechnology School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsThe Sericultural Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application research Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina

The diversity of cell types in the brain and how these change during different developmental stages,remains largely *** life cycle of insects is short and goes through 4 distinct stages including embryonic,larval,pupal,and adult *** postembryonic life,the larval brain transforms into a mature adult version after *** silkworm,Bombyx mori,is a lepidopteran model ***,we characterized the brain cell repertoire of larval and adult *** by obtaining 50708 single-cell *** and 12 cell clusters from larval and adult brains were assigned based on marker genes,*** cell types include Kenyon cells,optic lobe cells,monoaminergic neurons,surface glia,and astrocyte *** further assessed the cell type compositions of larval and adult *** found that the transition from larva to adult resulted in great expansion of glial *** glial cell accounted for 49.8%of adult midbrain *** to flies and ants,the mushroom body kenyon cell is insufficient in ***,which accounts for 5.4%and 3.6%in larval and adult brains,*** of neuropeptide expression showed that the abundance and specificity of expression varied among individual ***,we found that ion transport peptide was specifically expressed in glial cells of larval and adult *** cell atlas dataset provides an important resource to explore cell diversity,neural circuits and genetic profiles.

关键词： brain neuropeptide silkworm single-cell transcriptome

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