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System-level Pareto frontiers for on-chip thermoelectric coolers

Frontiers in Energy 2018年第1期12卷 109-120页

作者： Sevket U. YURUKER Michael C. FISH Zhi YANG Nicholas BALDASARO Philip BARLETTA Avram BAR-COHEN Bao YANG Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742 USA research triangle Institute Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA Micross Components Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA

The continuous rise in heat dissipation of integrated circuits necessitates advanced thermal solutions to ensure system reliability and efficiency. Thermoelectric coolers are among the most promising techniques for dealing with localized on-chip hot spots. This study focuses on establishing a holistic optimization methodol- ogy for such thermoelectric coolers, in which a thermo- electric element＇s thickness and the electrical current are optimized to minimize source temperature with respect to ambient, when the thermal and electrical parasitic effects are considered. It is found that when element thickness and electrical current are optimized for a given system architecture, a ＂heat flux vs. temperature difference＂ Pareto frontier curve is obtained, indicating that there is an optimum thickness and a corresponding optimum current that maximize the achievable temperature reduc- tion while removing a particular heat flux. This methodol- ogy also provides the possible system level AT＇s that can be achieved for a range of heat fluxes, defining the upper limits of thermoelectric cooling for that architecture. In this study, use was made of an extensive analytical model, which was verified using commercially available finite element analysis software. Through the optimization process, 3 pairs of master curves were generated, which were then used to compose the Pareto frontier for any given system architecture. Finally, a case study wasperformed to provide an in-depth demonstration of the optimization procedure for an example application.

关键词： thermoelectric cooling thermal management,optimization high flux electronics

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Vasectomy techniques-need for better occlusion methods

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第3期12卷 442-443页

作者： David C. Sokal Behavioral and Biomedical research Family Health International Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA

I was disappointed to read about a device that was not successful in producing reliable vas occlusion in Amory et al. ＇s report in this issue of the journal [1]. For those who are unfamiliar with vasectomy terminology, it is important to understand that a vasectomy procedure has three major aspects：（1） anesthesia; （2） accessing or approaching the vas （that is, the method used to isolate a loop of the vas）; and （3） occluding the vas.

关键词： Vasectomy occlusion methods

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The Fractional Landau Model

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2016年第3期3卷 257-260页

作者： Bruce J.West Malgorzata Turalska Information Science Directorate Army Research Office Research Triangle Park Department of Physics Duke University

Herein the Landau model of the transition from laminar to turbulent fluid flow is generalized to include the effect of memory. The original Landau model is quadratically nonlinear and memoryless, with turbulent fluctuations decaying exponentially. However, recent experiments show a dependence of the decay of fluctuations on memory, with the exponential being replaced by an inverse power law. This transition is explained herein as being due to critical slowing down. The fractional calculus is used to model this memory and to relate the index of the inverse power law decay to that of the fractional derivative in time.

关键词： Fluid dynamics turbulence fractional calculus partial differential equations nonlinear equations

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An improved protocol for the treatment of fulminant myocarditis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第3期62卷 433-434页

作者： Matthew L.Edin Darryl C.Zeldin Division of Intramural research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of HealthResearch Triangle Park

Fulminant myocarditis is a rare form of severe myocarditis that is most commonly caused by viral *** myocarditis is often pathophysiologically indistinguishable from milder forms of acute myocarditis but is categorically defined based on clinical disease *** may initially present with mild symptoms,such as fever,shortness of breath or heart palpitations,but rapidly progress to severe respiratory distress,arrhythmias,and cardiogenic shock.

关键词： protocol the treatment myocarditis

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Assessment of Neurotoxicity: Use of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Biomarker

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 197-206页

作者： JAMES P.O CALLAGHAN Neurotoxicology Division Health Effects Research Laboratory U. S Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park

Diverse neurotoxic insults result in proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes. The hallmark of this response is enhanced expression of the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These observations suggest that GFAP may be a useful biomarker of neurotoxicity. To investigate this possibility, we administered prototype neurotoxicants to experimental animals and assessed the effects of these agents on the tissue content of GFAP, as determined by radioimmunoassay. A review of the background, design, and results of these experiments are presented in this paper. Our findings indicate that GFAP is a sensitive and specific biomarker of neurotoxicity.

关键词： GFAP Use of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Biomarker Assessment of Neurotoxicity

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High entropy spinel oxide for efficient electrochemical oxidation of ammonia

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Nano research 2022年第6期15卷 4785-4791页

作者： Shi He Vasishta Somayaji Mengdi Wang Seung-Hoon Lee Zhijia Geng Siyuan Zhu Peter Novello Chakrapani V.Varanasi Jie Liu Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA U.S.Army research Office P.O.Box 12211 Research Triangle ParkNC 27709USA

Ammonia has emerged as a promising energy carrier owing to its carbon neutral content and low expense in long-range ***,development of a specific pathway to release the energy stored in ammonia is therefore in urgent *** oxidation provides a convenient and reliable route to attain efficient utilization of ***,we report that the high entropy(Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)_(3)O_(4)oxides can achieve high electrocatalytic activity for ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR)in non-aqueous *** AOR onset overpotential of(Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)_(3)O_(4)is 0.70 V,which is nearly 0.2 V lower than that of their most active single metal cation *** mass spectroscopy study reveals that(Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)_(3)O_(4)preferentially oxidizes ammonia to environmentally friendly diatomic nitrogen with a Faradic efficiency of over 85%.The Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)result indicates that the balancing metal d-band of Mn and Cu cations helps retain a longlasting electrocatalytic ***,this work introduces a new family of earth-abundant transition metal high entropy oxide electrocatalysts for AOR,thus heralding a new paradigm of catalyst design for enabling ammonia as an energy carrier.

关键词： ammonia electrochemical oxidation high entropy material electrochemical interface renewable energy

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Susceptibility of northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） to mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab Bacillus thuringiensis proteins

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 913-917页

作者： Isaac O. Oyediran Phillip Matthews Narendra Palekar Wade French Jared Conville Tony Burd Syngenta Crop Protection LLC Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA USDA ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory Brookings SD 57006 USA

The susceptibility of the northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi （Smith ＆ Lawrence） to mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） was determined using a diet bioassay. Northern corn rootworm neonates were exposed to different concentrations of mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab, incorporated into artificial diet. Larval mortality was evaluated after 7 d. The mCry3A and eCry3.1 Ab proteins were found to be toxic to the northern corn rootworm larvae. The LCs0 and LC99 values for mCry3A were 5.13 and 2482.31 μg/mL, respectively. For eCry3.1Ab, the LC50 and LC99 values were 0.49 and 213.01 μg/mL. Based on the estimated lethal concentrations, eCry3, lab protein was more efficacious to northern corn rootworm larvae than mCry3A. These lethal concentration values will be used as diagnostic doses for routine annual monitoring for change in susceptibility of field collected northern corn rootworm to mCry3A, and eCry3.1Ab toxins.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis Diabrotica barberi eCry3.1Ab mCry3A susceptibility

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Key-Private Identity-Based Proxy Re-Encryption

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第5期63卷 633-647页

作者： Chunpeng Ge Jinyue Xia Liming Fang College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210000China IBM Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709USA

An identity-based proxy re-encryption scheme(IB-PRE)allows a semi-trusted proxy to convert an encryption under one identity to another without revealing the underlying *** to the fact that the proxy was semi-trusted,it should place as little trust as necessary to allow it to perform the *** some applications such as distributed file system,it demands the adversary cannot identify the sender and recipient’s ***,none of the exiting IB-PRE schemes satisfy this *** this work,we first define the security model of key-private ***,we propose the first key-private IB-PRE *** scheme is chosen plaintext secure(CPA)and collusion resistant in the standard model.

关键词： Proxy re-encryption identity-based proxy re-encryption key-private collusion resistant

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Modeling Climate Change Impacts on the US Agricultural Exports

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第4期13卷 666-676页

作者： ZHANG Yu-quan CAI Yong-xia Beach Robert H McCARL Bruce A Agricultural Resource & Energy Economics and Policy ProgramRTI InternationalResearch Triangle Park Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Climate change is expected to have substantial effects on agricultural productivity worldwide. However, these impacts will differ across commodities, locations and time periods. As a result, landowners will see changes in relative returns that are likely to induce modifications in production practices and land allocation. In addition, regional variations in impacts can alter relative competitiveness across countries and lead to adjustments in international trade patterns. Thus in climate change impact studies it is likely useful to account for worldwide productivity effects. In this study, we investigate the implications of considering rest of world climate impacts on projections of the US agricultural exports. We chose to focus on the US because it is one of the largest agricultural exporters. To conduct our analyses, we consider four alternative climate scenarios, both with and without rest of world climate change impacts. Our results show that considering/ignoring rest of world climate impacts causes significant changes in the US production and exports projections. Thus we feel climate change impact studies should account not only for climate impacts in the country of focus but also on productivity in the rest of the world in order to capture effects on commodity markets and trade potential.

关键词： climate change relative competitiveness trade agricultural sector model (ASM)

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Using “management mosaics” to mitigate the impacts from extreme wildfires

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 579-581页

作者： Qinfeng Guo USDA FS Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center3041 Cornwallis RoadResearch Triangle ParkNC 27709USA

Human activities and global change have resulted in more severe and destructive megafires in forest ecosystems ***,I introduce and discuss the concept of“management mosaics”and how to use it over both space and time... 详细信息

关键词： Disturbance refuges Fire frequency and severity Fuel treatment Human activities Megafires

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