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Theory and classification of mass extinction causation

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 16-36页

作者： Thomas J.Algeo Jun Shen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology China University of Geosciences—Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences—Wuhan Department of geosciences University of Cincinnati

Theory regarding the causation of mass extinctions is in need of systematization, which is the focus of this contribution. Every mass extinction has both an ultimate cause, i.e. the trigger that leads to various climato-environmental changes, and one or more proximate cause(s), i.e. the specific climato-environmental changes that result in elevated biotic mortality. With regard to ultimate causes, strong cases can be made that bolide(i.e. meteor) impacts, large igneous province(LIP) eruptions and bioevolutionary events have each triggered one or more of the Phanerozoic Big Five mass extinctions, and that tectono-oceanic changes have triggered some second-order extinction events. Apart from bolide impacts, other astronomical triggers(*** flares, gamma bursts and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of speculation. With regard to proximate mechanisms, most extinctions are related to either carbon-release or carbon-burial processes, the former being associated with climatic warming, ocean acidification, reduced marine productivity and lower carbonate δ13C values, and the latter with climatic cooling, increased marine productivity and higher carbonate δ13C values. environmental parameters such as marine redox conditions and terrestrial weathering intensity do not show consistent relationships with carbon-cycle *** this context, mass extinction causation can be usefully classified using a matrix of ultimate and proximate factors. Among the Big Five mass extinctions, the end-Cretaceous biocrisis is an example of a bolide-triggered carbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic biocrises are examples of LIP-triggered carbon-release events, and the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian biocrises are examples of bioevolution-triggered carbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impact and LIP-eruption mechanisms appear to invariably cause carbon release, bioevolutionary triggers can result in variable carbon-cycle changes, e.g. carbon burial durin

关键词： biocrisis ultimate cause proximate cause bolide large igneous province bioevolutionary event

Superwettable interface towards biodetection in confined space

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Nano research 2024年第2期17卷 602-617页

作者： Zexu Pang Zhikang Cao Wanlu Li Wenxia Xu Yingying Zhang Qitao Zhou Jing Pan Fan Xia State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of the Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The detection of biomarkers with both high sensitivity and specificity is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of related ***,many current detections employ ex-situ detection method and non-confined condition,thus have many problems,which may eventually lead to inaccurate detection *** to detection in non-confined space,detection in confined space can better reflect the real in-vivo ***,the construction of detection for target molecules in confined space has great significance for both theoretical research and practical *** realize the detection of target molecules in confined space,the probes should accurately enter the confined space where the target molecules reside and interact with the ***,how to explore and utilize the properties of the interface(for example,bioinspired superwettability)has always been a hot and difficult topic in this ***,the recent advances and our efforts in recent 10 years on detection of bio-target molecules in confined space with superwettable interface have been introduced from the perspective of the detection *** suitable and most widely employed detection methods for target molecules in confined spaces are introduced ***,recent progresses for related detections based on visual,optical,and electrochemical detection methods are presented ***,the perspective for detection in confined space is discussed for the future development of biochemical detection.

关键词： biodetection superwettability confined space interface

Structural Characteristics and Evolution of a Weighted Sino-US Container Shipping Network

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第5期34卷 810-828页

作者： ZHANG Tiantian XI Daping JIANG Wenping FENG Yuhao WANG Chuyuan HU Xini National Engineering research Center of GIS China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China School of Resources and environmental Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430074China

This study selected the Sino-US route data from the top 30 global container liner companies between December 1,2019,and December 29,2019,as the data source utilizing the complex network research *** constructs a Sino-US container shipping network through voyage weighting and analyzes the essential structural characteristics to explore the network’s complex structural *** network’s evolution is examined from three perspectives,namely,time,space,and event influence,aiming to comprehens-ively explore the network’s evolution *** results revealed that:1)the weighted Sino-US container shipping network exhib-its small-world and scale-free *** hub ports in the United States include NEW YORK NY,SAVANNAH GA,LOS ANGELES CA,and OAKLAND CA,whereas SHANGHAI serving as the hub port in *** geographical distribution of these hub ports is uneven.2)Concerning the evolution of the weighted Sino-US container shipping network,from a temporal perspective,the evolution of the regional structure of the entire Sino-US region and the Inland United States is in a stage of radiative expansion and de-velopment,with a need for further enhancement in competitiveness and development *** evolution of the regional structure of southern China and Europe is transitioning from the stage of radiative expansion and development to an advanced equilibrium *** shipping development in Northern China,the Western and Eastern United States,and Asia is undergoing significant changes but faces challenges of fierce competition and *** a spatial perspective,the rationality and effectiveness of the improved weighted Barrat-Barthelemy-Vespignani(BBV)model are confirmed through theoretical *** applicability of the improved evolution model is verified by simulating the evolution of the weighted Sino-US container shipping *** an event impact per-spective,the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has not fundamentally affecte

关键词： container shipping network structure characteristics network evolution voyage weighting improved Barrat-Barthelemy-Vespignani(BBV)model

Modeling Near-Field Impulsive Waves Generated by Deformable Landslide Using the HBP Model Based on the SPH Method

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 328-344页

作者： WANG Wei WEI Weicheng CHAI Bo XIA Hao WANG Yang DU Juan LIU Jizhixian School of environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment environmental Aquatic Science Wuhan 430078China Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China research Center for Geohazards Monitoring and Warning in Three Gorges Reservoir Wanzhou 404000China

Landslide-generated impulsive waves(LGWs)in reservoir areas can seriously threaten waterway safety as well as hu-man life and properties around the two side *** risk reduction and mitigation of such a hazard require the accurate prediction of near-field wave characteristics,such as wave amplitude and ***,near-field LGW involves complicated fluid-solid ***,the wave characteristics are closely related to various aspects,including the geometry and physical features of the slide,river,and body of ***,the empirical or analytical methods used for rough estimation cannot derive accurate results,especially for deformable landslides,due to their significant geometry changes during the sliding *** this study,the near-field waves generated by deformable landslides were simulated by smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)based on multi-phase *** deformable landslides were generalized as a kind of viscous flow by adopting the Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou(HBP)-based nonNewtonian rheology *** HBP model is capable of producing deformable landslide dynamics even though the high-speed sliding process is *** this study,an idealized experiment case originating from Lituya LGW and a practical case of Gongjiafang LGW were reproduced for verification and *** simulation results of both cases show satisfactory consistency with the experiment/investigation data in terms of landslide movement and near-field impulsive wave characteristics,thus indicating the applicability and accuracy of the proposed ***,the effects of the HBP model’s rheological parameters on the landslide dynamics and near-field wave characteristics are discussed,providing a parameter calibration method along with sug-gestions for further applications.

关键词： deformable landslide impulsive waves near-field SPH nonNewtonian fluids

Effect of Reclamation on the Groundwater-Lake Water Interaction in Chen Lake

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 1083-1086页

作者： Kun Lei Teng Ma Liuzhu Chen Zhenxing Li Yu Chen School of environmental Studies State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China

0 INTRODUCTION To relieve the short supply of suitable land for residing,cultivating,and commerce,it is accepted to reclaim land from lakes,river estuaries,and coastal regions in many countries(Mancini et al.,2020).The large-scale reclamation activities have an irreversible effect on the mico-geomorphology and hydrodynamic system of seasonally flooded areas(Zhang et al.,2019;Yu et al.,2018).For example,coastal regions reclaimed extended the groundwater flow paths,as well as created groundwater level rise,resulting in water-logging in the reclaimed area(Hu et al.,2008).Similar changes in groundwater flow systems may alter groundwater-lake water interactions,and it can ultimately affect the water cycle in the lake ***,such detailed studies are presently *** addition,natural exchanges between the lake and groundwater systems can be strongly affected by physical hydrological processes(Javadzadeh et al.,2020),chemical properties(Kamtchueng et al.,2015),and bioto behavior(Hancock et al.,2005).

关键词： groundwater coastal logging

Investigations of methane adsorption characteristics on marine-continental transitional shales and gas storage capacity models considering pore evolution

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2273-2286页

作者： Chen-Gang Lu Xian-Ming Xiao Zhen-Qian Xue Zhang-Xin Chen Yin-Tao Dong Yue Feng Gang Li School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences (Beijing) School of Civil and environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary Eastern Institute of Technology (tentative) CNOOC research Institute

Methane adsorption is a critical assessment of the gas storage capacity(GSC) of shales with geological conditions. Although the related research of marine shales has been well-illustrated, the methane adsorption of marine-continental transitional(MCT) shales is still ambiguous. In this study, a method of combining experimental data with analytical models was used to investigate the methane adsorption characteristics and GSC of MCT shales collected from the Qinshui Basin, China. The Ono-Kondo model was used to fit the adsorption data to obtain the adsorption parameters. Subsequently, the geological model of GSC based on pore evolution was constructed using a representative shale sample with a total organic carbon(TOC) content of 1.71%, and the effects of reservoir pressure coefficient and water saturation on GSC were explored. In experimental results, compared to the composition of the MCT shale, the pore structure dominates the methane adsorption, and meanwhile, the maturity mainly governs the pore structure. Besides, maturity in the middle-eastern region of the Qinshui Basin shows a strong positive correlation with burial depth. The two parameters, micropore pore volume and non-micropore surface area, induce a good fit for the adsorption capacity data of the shale. In simulation results, the depth,pressure coefficient, and water saturation of the shale all affect the GSC. It demonstrates a promising shale gas potential of the MCT shale in a deeper block, especially with low water saturation. Specifically,the economic feasibility of shale gas could be a major consideration for the shale with a depth of 60% in the Yushe-Wuxiang area. This study provides a valuable reference for the reservoir evaluation and favorable block search of MCT shale gas.

关键词： High-pressure methane adsorption Marine-continental transitional shale gas Ono-Kondo model Adsorption thermodynamics Gas storage capacity model

Mechanistic insight into Cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-containing ferrihydrite

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 217-225页

作者： Ying Hu Qiang Xue Honghan Chen Huaming Guo Kenneth C.Carroll Song Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Plant&environmental Science New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA Institute of Theoretical Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130023China

Hexavalent chromium[Cr(Ⅵ)]causes serious harm to the environment due to its high toxicity,solubility,and ***(Fh)are the main adsorbent and trapping agent of Cr(Ⅵ)in soils and aquifers,and they usually coexist with silicate(Si),forming Si-containing ferrihydrite(Si-Fh)***,the mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-Fh mixtures is poorly *** this study,the behaviors and mechanisms of Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption onto Si-Fh with different Si/Fe molar ratios was *** electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and other techniques were used to characterize Si-Fh and Cr(Ⅵ)-loading of *** results show that specific surface area of Si-Fh increases gradually with increasing Si/Fe ratios,but Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption on Si-Fh decreases with increasing Si/Fe *** is because with an increase in Si/Fe molar ratio,the point of zero charge of Si-Fh gradually decreases and electrostatic repulsion between Si-Fh and Cr(Ⅵ)***,the complexation of Cr(Ⅵ)is enhanced due to the increase in adsorbed hydroxyl(A-OH-)on Si-Fh with increasing Si/Fe molar ratio,which partly counteracts the effect of the electrostatic ***,the increase in the electrostatic repulsion has a greater impact on adsorption than the additional complexation with *** functional theory calculation further supports this observation,showing the increases in electron variation of bonding atoms and reaction energies of inner spherical complexes with the increase in Si/Fe ratio.

关键词： Hexavalent chromium Ferrihydrite Si/Fe ratio Cr(Ⅵ)Adsorption

research Progress and Challenges on Persistent Organic Pollutants in Lakes

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 729-736页

作者： Wei Guo Xiaoyu Ji Zhengfei Yu Hongchen Jiang Xiangyu Guan School of Ocean Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Lab of Biogeology and environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Lakes are the main reservoirs of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)from land,atmo sphere and *** in lakes undergo complex exchange,transformation,and degradation between water-air-sediment-biota interfaces,which are constrained and regulated by various physical,chemical and biological *** can affect ecological conditions,chemical properties of water and sedi ments,and biodiversity of the lake ***,it is important to study the sources,migration,transformation,environmental behavior and ecological impacts of POPs in lake *** re view summarizes research progress on detection technologies,diversity and origins,historical records,migration and transformation,distribution patterns,degradation and toxic effects of POPs in *** nally,future directions related to POPs in lakes were summarized.

关键词： persistent organic pollutants(POPs) lakes transformation degradation microbes environment geolgogy

Characterization of Fe-containing particles in Chengdu,southwest China,using single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 110-120页

作者： Renjiang He Junke Zhang Luyao Chen Wei Zhang Yingwei Xi School of Public Health Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000China Faculty of geosciences and environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China Sichuan environmental Monitoring Center Chengdu 610074China

Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry was used to study the characteristics of Fecontaining particles during winter in Chengdu,southwest *** mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)during the study period were 64±38 and 89±49μg/m~3,respectively,and NO_(2)and particulate matter were high compared with most other regions of *** Fecontaining particles were divided into seven categories with different mass spectra,sources and aging *** highest contribution was from Fe mixed with carbonaceous components(Fe-C,23.1%)*** was more mixed with sulfate than nitrate and therefore the contribution of Fe mixed with sulfate(Fe-S,20.7%)particles was higher than that of Fe mixed with nitrate(Fe-N,12.5%)*** contributions from Fe-containing particles related to primary combustion were high in the small particle size range,whereas aged Fecontaining particles and dust-related particles were mostly found in the coarse particle size *** air masses mainly originated from the west and east of Chengdu,and the corresponding PM_(2.5)concentrations were 79±36 and 55±36μg/m~3,*** west and east air masses showed stronger contributions of Fe-containing particles related to biomass burning(Fe-B)and fossil fuel combustion(Fe-C and Fe-S)particles,*** southwest area contributed the most Fe-containing *** assessments of the effects of Fe-containing particles during heavy pollution period should pay more attention to Fe-C and Fe-S ***-reduction of Fe-containing particles should consider both local emissions and short-distance transmission from the surrounding areas.

关键词： Fe-containing particles Particle composition Potential source areas Evolution Chengdu