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A Review of Fluid Inclusions in Diagenetic Systems

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第3期89卷 697-714页

作者： Terrence P.MERNAGH research school of earth sciences The Australian National University

The study of fluid inclusions can help constrain the conditions at which diagenetic minerals precipitated,leading to a better understanding of the geologic controls and relative timing of changes in porosity and/or mineralising *** of the diagenetic minerals are easily deformed and it is important to check for any post-entrapment changes to the *** post-entrapment changes include reaction with the host crystal,necking down,nucleation metastability and thermal *** recommended method of detecting these problems is to examine individual fluid inclusion assemblages（FIAs） and report data for each individual *** studies have been enhanced by the development of new micro-analytical techniques such as micro-fluorescence spectroscopy,micro-infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance,various mass spectrometry techniques and the analysis of individual fluid inclusions using laser ablation/decrepitation *** techniques have been developed for hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions such as the Grains containing Oil Inclusions（GOI）,Fluid Inclusion Stratigraphy（FIS）,and the Molecular Composition of Inclusions（MCI） *** fluid inclusions that form in some minerals during diagenesis provide the only direct means of examining the fluids present in these *** provide useful temperature,pressure,and fluid composition data that cannot be obtained by other means.

关键词： Fluid inclusions diagenesis saline formations hydrocarbons mineralisation

Continuous high-temperature rapid nanomanufacturing of electrocatalysts

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Nano research 2025年第1期18卷 225-235页

作者： Xiaoyang Wang Ziyi Luo Baihua Cui Ziqi Fu Yanchang Liu Weidi Liu Jia Ding Jianrong Zeng Yanan ChenWenbin Hu school of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaBrisbane 4072Australia Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

Encapsulating metal nanoparticles in carbon shells(Metal@C)to enhance catalytic activity and stability has been certified ***,most existing methods for preparing Metal@C are complex,time-consuming,and lack of *** this study,a novel method that couples the high-temperature shock(HTS)with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis is reported,which can realize facile and scalable production of various Metal@C through the pyrolysis of glucose and metal chloride *** proposed HTS ultrasonic spray pyrolysis offers several advantages,including compact size,short reaction time(~120 ms),and uniform *** the Ni@C-40 nanocomposite as an example,the ultrasmall Ni nanoparticles(~10 nm)with thin carbon protective shells(~2 nm)are uniformly dispersed in the carbon matrix and applied for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline *** Ni@C-40 optimized by tuning the thickness of carbon shell exhibits significantly enhanced OER activity with low overpotential of 242 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2) and stability,which is attributed to the optimized interactions between Ni nanoparticles and carbon *** method also shows promise for continuous pyrolysis synthesis of various extreme materials at ultra-high temperatures using alternative electric heating materials.

关键词： ultrasonic spray pyrolysis high-temperature shock carbon shell oxygen evolution reaction Metal@C nanocomposite

The effects of local variations in conditions on carbon storage and release in the continental mantle

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national Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 22-36页

作者： Stephen F.Foley Chunfei Chen Dorrit E.Jacob school of Natural sciences Macquarie University research school of earth sciences Australian National University State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences

Recent advances indicate that the amount of carbon released by gradual degassing from the mantle needs to be revised upwards, whereas the carbon supplied by plumes may have been overestimated in the *** in rock types and oxidation state may be very local and exert strong influences on carbon storage and release mechanisms. Deep subduction may be prevented by diapirism in thick sedimentary packages,whereas carbonates in thinner sequences may be subducted. Carbonates stored in the mantle transition zone will melt when they heat up, recognized by coupled stable isotope systems(e.g. Mg, Zn, Ca). There is no single ‘mantle oxygen fugacity’, particularly in the thermal boundary layer(TBL) and lowermost lithosphere, where very local mixtures of rock types coexist. Carbonate-rich melts from either subduction or melting of the uppermost asthenosphere trap carbon by redox freezing or as carbonate-rich dykes in this zone. Deeply derived, reduced melts may form further diamond reservoirs, recognized as polycrystalline diamonds associated with websteritic silicate minerals. Carbon is released by either edge-driven convection,which tears sections of the TBL and lower lithosphere down so that they melt by a mixture of heating and oxidation, or by lateral advection of solids beneath rifts. Both mechanisms operate at steps in lithosphere thickness and result in carbonate-rich melts, explaining the spatial association of craton edges and carbonate-rich magmatism. High-pressure experiments on individual rock types, and increasingly on reactions between rocks and melts, are fine-tuning our understanding of processes and turning up unexpected results that are not seen in studies of single rocks. Future research should concentrate on elucidating local variations and integrating these with the interpretation of geophysical signals. Global concepts such as average sediment compositions and a uniform mantle oxidation state are not appropriate for small-scale processes; an increa

关键词： lithospheric mantle carbonate melts deep carbon cycle craton destruction continental rifts

On the Nature of the P-Wave Velocity Gradient in the Inner Core beneath Central America

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Journal of earth Science 2013年第5期24卷 699-705页

作者： Hrvoje Tkali Thomas Bodin Mallory Young Malcolm Sambridge research school of earth sciences the Australian National University Berkeley Seismological Laboratory University of California at Berkeley

We conduct an experiment to investigate whether linearity in the observed velocity gradient in the volume of the inner core sampled by the PKP ray paths beneath Central America is a robust approximation. Instead of solving an optimization problem, we approach it within the Bayesian inference. This is an ensemble approach, where model specification is relaxed so that in- stead of only one solution, groups of reasonable models are acceptable. Furthermore, in transdimen- sional Bayesian inference used here, the number of basis functions needed to model observations is by itself an unknown. Our modeling reveals that in the ensemble of models, the most likely are those containing only 2 nodes （linear trend）. Thus our result justifies the assumption used for the deter- mination of inner core rotation with respect to the rest of the mantle that the observed gradient is constant in its nature （linear）. Recent observations in seismology suggest that it is likely that the spa- tial variability in elastic parameters is a widespread phenomenon in the inner core. Future array observations will further constrain spatial extent and magnitude of velocity changes and show whether there is a significant difference between these observations in the two quasi-hemispheres of the inner core.

关键词： solid earth physics deep geophysics.

Do mantle plumes exist？

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Episodes 2006年第3期29卷 162-168页

作者： Ian H. Campbell Geoffrey F. Davies research school of earth sciences The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

The physics of low Reynolds number plumes is well understood, which allows a number of testable predictions to be made about mantle plumes. They are predicted to originate from the core-mantle boundary and consist of a large head followed by a narrower tail. Millions of cubic kilometers of magma can be produced from a plume head. Rifting over a previously-emplaced plume head should produce a narrow zone of thickened oceanic crust along the rift margin. Initial eruption from a plume head should be preceded by -1,000 m of domal uplift. Picrites are expected to dominate the first eruptive products of a new plume and should be concentrated near the centre of the volcanic province. All of these predictions are confirmed by observations, and so provide strong support for the validity of the mantle plume hypothesis.

关键词：地幔热流柱数值模型俯冲作用深部构造

A radical reinterpretation of the growth and form of the stromatolite Conophyton lituus(Maslov)from evidence of syngenetic biofilm mineralisation

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第1期11卷 69-84页

作者： Robert V.Burne research school of earth sciences The Australian National University CanberraACT 0200Australia school of earth and Environmental sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Conophyton(Maslov)is a cylindroidal stromatolite form-genus characterized by nested conical ***-preserved Conophyton,up to 4 m tall and with basal diameters of up to 50 cm,are exposed in the Proterozoic Atar Formation of Mauritania,where many occur together,in growth position,as fields of individual columns spaced between 5 and 70 cm *** uniformity of these forms and their regular distribution suggest that they grew in quiet-water environments below wave *** for their penecontemporaneous organomineralization is indicated by nearby toppled examples of undeformed Conophyton forms alongside eroded lithified Conophyton fragments in carbonate *** characteristics of Conophyton have been used to classify the structures-the form of the lamination and the nature of its axial structure.A mathematical/physical model provides an explanation for the growth pattern of *** predicts that coniform structures with thickened axial zones form when upward organic growth of a biofilm moderately exceeds the rate of its *** varying characteristics of these features between different forms of Conophyton are thought to reflect biomineralization of the decaying biofilm rather than differences in the composition of microbial communities.A modern example of a syngenetic mineralization process capable of producing similar structures has been observed in the contemporary sediments of Lake Preston,Western Australia,where benthic microbial mats are being transformed into coniform lithified *** initial biomineralization of the coniform mat forms magnesium silicate that first coats and permineralizes web-like microbial extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)and then coalesces into a uniform mass that provides mechanical strength to the *** a later stage,massive carbonate crystal growth occurs that over-prints much of this texture,leaving only small,remnant areas of the magnesium silicate *** fossil Conophyton are composed o

关键词： Conophyton Morphogenesis Proterozoic Stromatolite Microbialite Mineralisation Biofilm Lake Clifton Lake Preston Maslov

A case for mantle plumes

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第15期50卷 1541-1554页

作者： Geoffrey F. Davies research school of earth sciences Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

The existence of at least several plumes in the earth’s mantle can be inferred with few assumptions from well-established observations. As well, thermal mantle plumes can be predicted from well-established and quanti-fied fluid dynamics and a plausible assumption about the earth’s early thermal state. Some additional important ob-servations, especially of flood basalts and rift-related mag-matism, have been shown to be plausibly consistent with the physical theory. Recent claims to have detected plumes using seismic tomography may comprise the most direct evidence for plumes, but plume tails are likely to be difficult to resolve definitively and the claims need to be well tested. Although significant questions remain about its viability, the plume hypothesis thus seems to be well worth continued investiga-tion. Nevertheless there are many non-plate-related mag-matic phenomena whose association with plumes is unclear or unlikely. Compositional buoyancy has recently been shown potentially to substantially complicate the dynamics of plumes, and this may lead to explanations for a wider range of phenomena, including “headless” hotspot tracks, than purely thermal plumes.

关键词：地球覆盖物羽毛流体动力学热量对流火山

Endogenous/exogenous dual stimulation“ROS engineering”amplification combined with autophagy-augmented for efficient ferroptosis therapy

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Nano research 2025年第1期18卷 597-606页

作者： Pengye Du Pengpeng Lei Yuan Liang Ran An Yi Wei Shuyu Liu Jianhao Zheng Hongjie Zhang State Key Laboratory of Rare earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China school of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

“Reactive oxygen species(ROS)engineering”is one of the most promising anti-tumor treatments developed in recent *** explosion of ROS will cause oxidative stress,thereby inducing tumor cell ***,ROS accumulation in tumor cells is eliminated by endogenous cellular self-regulation *** this work,a kind of endogenous/exogenous dual stimulation nanoagent noted as UMZC is *** reaction occurs between NH_(2)-MIL-88B(Fe)contained in UMZC and the overexpression of endogenous H_(2)O_(2)to generate ROS,amplified by endogenous H_(2)S of colon tumor *** addition,NH_(2)-MIL-88B(Fe)also functions to deplete glutathione(GSH)for stopping it from consuming *** nanoparticles at the core of UMZC convert near-infrared into visible light,which excites zinc phthalocyanine to initiate the photochemical reaction that generates more ROS,thus alleviating the lack of tissue penetration depth for visible *** agonist chitosan oligosaccharides induce enhancement of cellular autophagy for disrupting cellular metabolic stress and the resistance to oxidative stress of tumor cells,allowing“ROS engineering”to fully exert anti-tumor *** of ROS generation,GSH depletion,and induced cellular autophagy caused by nanoagents have promoting effects on the occurrence of ***,the nanoagents show the ability to effectively treat colon tumors.

关键词： reactive oxygen species(ROS)engineering upconversion nanoparticles cellular autophagy ferroptosis tumor therapy

Minerogenesis of Shilu Iron Ores with Special Reference to Sm-Nd Isotope Geochemical Characteristics of Shilu Group Bimodal Volcanic Rocks in Hainan Island

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 1994年第3期13卷 223-225页

作者：方中徐士进陈克荣夏邦栋赵建新 M.T.McCulloch Department of earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China research school of earth sciences Australian National University Canberra Australia

Presented in this paper are Sm-Nd isotope and major, trace and rare-earth element analyses of bimodal volcanic rocks of the Shilu Group and other stratigraphic units in northwntern Hainan Island, South China. It is shown that there are some N-MORB-type basalts (spilites) in the western part of the bimodal volcanic belt, in addition to some E-MORB-type and initial rift-type tholeiites (lRT) in the middle and eastern parts. Sm-Nd model ages of these basalts range from 545Ma to 460 Ma. The other extremes of the bimodal volcanics are porphyritic quartz rhyolites, which are characteristic of crustal material source. Sm-Nd model ages of the rhyolites range from 1562 Ma to 1371 Ma. The bimodal volcanic rocks are almost distributed in rifts or faulted depressions, as well as in the Upper Paleozoic rift of Hainan *** of the Shilu Group can be compared with Cenozoic basalts in the midddle and southern parts of the Red Sea Rift Belt in Petrology, elemental geochemiistry and Sm-Nd isotope *** iron ores are closely associated with N-MORB-type basalts located in the westem bimodal volcanic belt. It is very interesting to note that the Shilu Fe-Co-Cu deposit can also be compared with Atlantis II Deep in the Red Sea Rift Belt. Therefore, the present authors believe that the Shilu deposit is a kind of hydrothermal deposit related to ocean volcanic belt, where the geotectonic setting belongs to initial extensional rifts in the oceanic crust. On the other hand, the largest Fe-Co-Cu ore deposit in China used to be influenced by Hercynian granites after mineralization, as is cleariy observed on both ε Nd (T)-1/Nd and ε Nd (T)-147/Sm/144Nd diagrams.

关键词：火山岩钐-钕同位素铁钴铜矿床地球化学金属矿床海南岛