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Road map for, and technical challenges of, carbon-nanotube integrated circuit technology

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 14-16页

作者： Jia Si Panpan Zhang Zhiyong Zhang Key laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based electronics School of Electronics Peking University State Key laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of research on carbon-nanotube(CNT) electronics due to their outstanding properties, including an ultrathin body, a high carrier mobility and a high saturation velocity.

关键词： TRANSISTORS

An injectable,self-healable,and reusable PEDOT:PSS/PVA hydrogel patch electrode for epidermal electronics

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Nano research 2024年第6期17卷 5479-5490页

作者： Yang Li Yuzhe Gu Sheng Qian Shuwen Zheng Yuncong Pang Lele Wang Baoguang Liu Shujuan Liu Qiang Zhao College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible electronics(Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023China State Key laboratory of Organic electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023China

Injectability empowers conductive hydrogels to transcend traditional limitations,unlocking a realm of possibilities for innovative medical,wearable,and therapeutic applications that can significantly enhance patient care and quality of life.Here,we report an injectable,self-healable,and reusable hydrogel obtained by mixing the concentrated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)doped with polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)suspension(~2 wt.%solid content),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and borax.Leveraging the presence of reversible borax/hydroxyl bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds,this PEDOT:PSS/PVA hydrogel exhibits notable shear-thinning behavior and self-healing capabilities,enabling it to be injected as a gel fiber from a syringe.As-prepared injectable hydrogel also demonstrates an ultra-low modulus(~2.5 MPa),reduced on-skin impedance(~45%of commercial electrodes),and high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)(~15-22 dB)in recording of electrocardiography(ECG),electromyography(EMG),and electroencephalogram(EEG)signals.Furthermore,the injectable hydrogels can be remolded and reinjected as the reusable electrodes,maintaining nearly identical electrophysiological recording capabilities and brain-computer interface(BCI)performance compared to commercial wet electrodes.With their straightforward fabrication,excellent material properties and electronic performance,ease of cleaning,and remarkable reusability,our injectable PEDOT:PSS/PVA hydrogels hold promise for advancements in BCI based electronics and wearable bioelectronics.

关键词： epidermal hydrogel electrodes reusability injectability self-healing electrophysiological recording brain-computer interface

Analytical Models of on-Chip Hardware Trojan Detection Based on Radiated Emission Characteristics

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Chinese Journal of electronics 2024年第2期33卷 385-392页

作者： Fan ZHANG Dongrong ZHANG Qiang REN Aixin CHEN Donglin SU School of electronics and Information Engineering Beihang University Zhongguancun laboratory The research Institute for Frontier Science Beihang University

Since many third parties involved in integrated circuit(IC) manufacturing, hardware Trojans malicious implantation have become a threat to the IC industry. Therefore, varieties of reliable hardware Trojan detection methods are needed. Since electromagnetic radiation is an inherent phenomenon of electronic devices, there are significant differences in the electromagnetic radiated characteristics for circuits with different structures and operating states. In this paper, a novel hardware Trojan detection method is proposed, which considers the electromagnetic radiation differences caused by hardware Trojan implantation. Experiments of detecting hardware Trojan in field programmable gate arrays show that the proposed method can effectively distinguish the ICs with Trojan from the ones without Trojan by the radiated emission.

关键词： Hardware Trojan Radiated emission Integrated circuit

Efficient micrometer-scale thick-film perovskite solar cells with superior stability

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1647-1657页

作者： Jian-Fei Hu Gang Chen Shun-Zhang Yu Yue-Xin Lin Kai-Yu Wang Zong-Wei Li Guo-Dong Zhang Teng-Fei Pan Ya-Jing Li Ming-Jie Li Ying-Dong Xia Yi-Fan Lv Yong-Hua Chen Key laboratory of Flexible electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen research Institute The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Optics Valley laboratory

It is essential to enhance the thickness of the absorber layer for perovskite solar cells(PSCs) to improve device performance and reduce industry refinement.However,thick perovskite films(> 1 μm) are difficult to be fabricated by employing traditional solvents,such as N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO).Besides,it is a challenge to fabricate thick-film perovskite owing to the deteriorated surface morphology and serious defect density.Herein,a simple method was reported to deposit uniform pinhole-free perovskite films with a thickness of more than 2 μm utilizing the methylamine acetate(MAAc) ionic liquid as the solvent.Combined with methylammonium chloride(MACl) as an additive,thick-film perovskite with～ 2μm in grain size and few grain boundaries(GBs) was prepared,which dramatically improved the perovskite crystal quality and enhanced carrier transport performance.The final PSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 20.16%.The device showed improved stability with 95% of its initial efficiency in a nitrogen environment over 5000 h.This work provides an alternative strategy to produce extremely efficient and stable thick-film PSCs.It can be believed that this device has great potential in the application of large areas and laminated PSCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Thick-film Stability Ionic liquid

High-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons by superconducting nanowires

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 194-203页

作者： Shuya Guo Jingrou Tan Hengbin Zhang Jinguang Wang Tianhao Ji Labao Zhang Xiaolong Hu Jian Chen Jun Xie Kai Zou Yun Meng Xiaomin Bei Ling-An Wu Qi Chen Hao Wang Xuecou Tu Xiaoqing Jia Qing-Yuan Zhao Lin Kang Peiheng Wu research Institute of Superconductor electronics Nanjing University Qian Xuesen laboratory of Space Technology Beijing National laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei National laboratory School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering Tianjin University Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology Ministry of Education

Precisely acquiring the timing information of individual X-ray photons is important in both fundamental research and practical applications. The timing precision of commonly used X-ray single-photon detectors remains in the range of one hundred picoseconds to microseconds. In this work, we report on high-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons through the fast transition to the normal state from the superconductive state of superconducting nanowires. We successfully demonstrate a free-running X-ray single-photon detector with a timing resolution of 20.1 ps made of 100-nm-thick niobium nitride film with an active area of 50 μm by 50 μm. By using a repeated differential timing measurement on two adjacent X-ray single-photon detectors, we demonstrate a precision of 0.87 ps in the arrival-time difference of X-ray photon measurements. Therefore, our work significantly enhances the timing precision in X-ray photon counting, opening a new niche for ultrafast X-ray photonics and many associated applications.

关键词： single-photon detection timing precision superconductor ultrafast phenomenon pulsar X-ray navigation

High-lattice-adapted surface modifying Na_(4)MnV(PO_(4))_(3) for better sodium storage

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Nano research 2024年第4期17卷 2728-2735页

作者： Chongran Song Shiyu Li Ying Bai International Joint research laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province School of Physics and ElectronicsAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are required to possess long cycle life when used for large-scale energy storage.The polyanionic Na_(4)MnV(PO_(4))_(3)(NMVP)reveals good cyclic stability due to its unique three-dimensional(3D)frame structure,but it still faces the challenge of interfacial degradation in practical applications.In this work,NASICON-type Na_(1.3)Al_(0.7)Ti_(1.3)(PO_(4))_(3)(NATP)was deposited on the surface of NMVP to promote interface stability by surface modification and gradient doping.As a result,the optimized NMVP@2%NATP released a capacity retention of 44.8%after 1000 cycles at 5 C,much higher than that of the initial NMVP(28.9%).The enhanced electrochemical performance was mainly attributed to NATP coating acting as a fast ion transport carrier and physical barrier,significantly facilitating the Na^(+)diffusion and isolating side reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface.On the other hand,Ti_(4)^(+)and Al^(3+)cations from the NATP were partially doped inside the NMVP surface to boost the transport of Na^(+),and the perfect lattice matching of NVMP and NATP improved the interface and structural stability accompanying long cycling.This work demonstrated the effectiveness of surface modification with high lattice match material and provided new perspectives for high energy density solid-state SIBs.

关键词： high-lattice-adapted cathode surface modification sodium-ion batteries

Pulsar Glitch Activities: The Spin Parameters Approach

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 336-359页

作者： Innocent Okwudili Eya Evaristus Uzochukwu Iyida Physics/electronics Technique—Department of Science laboratory Technology University of Nigeria Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nigeria Astronomy and Astrophysics research Lab University of Nigeria

Glitch activity refers to the mean increase in pulsar spin frequency per year due to rotational glitches. It is an important tool for studying super-nuclear matter using neutron star interiors as templates. Glitch events are typically observed in the spin frequency(ν) and frequency derivative( ν) of pulsars. The rate of glitch recurrence decreases as the pulsar ages, and the activity parameter is usually measured by linear regression of cumulative glitches over a given period. This method is effective for pulsars with multiple regular glitch events. However, due to the scarcity of glitch events and the difficulty of monitoring all known pulsars, only a few have multiple records of glitch events. This limits the use of the activity parameter in studying neutron star interiors with multiple pulsars.In this study, we examined the relationship between the activity parameters and pulsar spin parameters(spin frequency, frequency derivative, and pulsar characteristic age). We found that a quadratic function provides a better fit for the relationship between activity parameters and spin parameters than the commonly used linear functions.Using this information, we were able to estimate the activity parameters of other pulsars that do not have records of glitches. Our analysis shows that the relationship between the estimated activity parameters and pulsar spin parameters is consistent with that of the observed activity parameters in the ensemble of pulsars.

关键词： (stars:) pulsars: general methods: statistical stars: neutron

A breathable, designable and flexible leather–heater used in wearable thermotherapy

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2125-2132页

作者： ZHU JingYu LIU YaDong XIE RuiJie ZHAO YuHan WANG Feng LIU YunQing ZHA BaoLi WU JianSheng HUO FengWei Key laboratory of Flexible electronics (KLOFE) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing Tech University The Institute of Flexible electronics (IFE Future Technologies) Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee Innovation laboratory

Flexible heaters with personal thermal management capabilities have great potential in thermal therapy applications due to their excellent flexibility, low power consumption, and portability. However, manufacturing wearable heating devices that are breathable, wear resistant and conformal for long-term use is still challenging. To address these issues, we designed a leather heater using breathable, biocompatible, and tailorable leather as the substrate through a simple in-situ polymerization polypyrrole strategy. This heater exhibits excellent heating and mechanical properties（reaching 64°C at a voltage of 5 V with efficient Joule heat generation of 2286 W/m2and uniform temperature distribution, and functioning properly after 1000 cycles of bendability tests）. In addition, this heater displays better wear resistance and water vapor permeability rate(38.04 g/（m2h）). The cuttable and sewable of leather gives the strategy ability to be flexibly designed to mold the heater to the specific requirements of different body parts, providing a new approach to wearable thermal therapy.

关键词： flexible electronics leather thermotherapy

Magnetic Nonreciprocity in a Hybrid Device of Asymmetric Artificial Spin-Ice-Superconductors

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第6期41卷 119-127页

作者：李冲黄培源王晨光李浩杰吕阳阳岳文诚袁子雄李甜雨涂学凑陶涛董思宁何亮贾小氢孙国柱康琳王华兵吴培亨王永磊 research Institute of Superconductor electronics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing 211111China National Key laboratory of Spintronics Nanjing UniversitySuzhou 215163China

Controlling the size and distribution of potential barriers within a medium of interacting particles can unveil unique collective behaviors and innovative functionalities.We introduce a unique superconducting hybrid device using a novel artificial spin ice structure composed of asymmetric nanomagnets.This structure forms a distinctive superconducting pinning potential that steers unconventional motion of superconducting vortices,thereby inducing a magnetic nonreciprocal effect,in contrast to the electric nonreciprocal effect commonly observed in superconducting diodes.Furthermore,the polarity of the magnetic nonreciprocity is in situ reversible through the tunable magnetic patterns of artificial spin ice.Our findings demonstrate that artificial spin ice not only precisely modulates superconducting characteristics but also opens the door to novel functionalities,offering a groundbreaking paradigm for superconducting electronics.

关键词： artificial collective reciprocal

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