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Remote sensing of soil degradation:Pro gress andperspective

International Soil and Water Conservation research 2023年第3期11卷 429-454页

作者： Jingzhe Wang Jianing Zhen Weifang Hu Songchao Chen Ivan Lizaga Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh Xiaodong Yang School of Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen PolytechnicShenzhen518055China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130102China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou510640China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou311200China Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000GhentBelgium Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont81 Carrigan DriveBurlingtonVT05405USA Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont210 Colchester AveBurlingtonVT05401USA Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China

Soils constitute one of the most critical natural resources and maintaining their health is vital for agricultural development and ecological sustainability,providing many essential ecosystem *** by climatic variations and anthropogenic activities,soil degradation has become a global issue that seriously threatens the ecological environment and food *** sensing(RS)technologies have been widely used to investigate soil degradation as it is highly efficient,time-saving,and *** review encompasses recent advances and the state-of-the-art of ground,proximal,and novel Rs techniques in soil degradation-related *** reviewed the RS-related indicators that could be used for monitoring soil degradation-related *** direct indicators(mineral composition,organic matter,surface roughness,and moisture content of soil)and indirect proxies(vegetation condition and land use/land cover change)for evaluating soil degradation were comprehensively *** results suggest that these above indicators are effective for monitoring soil degradation,however,no indicators system has been established for soil degradation monitoring to *** also discussed the RS's mechanisms,data,and methods for identifying specific soil degradation-related phenomena(e.g.,soil erosion,salinization,desertification,and contamination).We investigated the potential relations between soil degradation and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and also discussed the challenges and prospective use of RS for assessing soil *** further advance and optimize technology,analysis and retrieval methods,we identify critical future research needs and directions:(1)multi-scale analysis of soil degradation;(2)availability of RS data;(3)soil degradation process modelling and prediction;(4)shared soil degradation dataset;(5)decision support systems;and(6)rehabilitation of degraded soil resource and the contribution of RS *** it is difficult to moni

关键词： Soil degradation Remote sensing Soil properties Earth observation Sustainable development goals

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Advances in Integrated Control Techniques of Rice Blast

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Asian Agricultural research 2021年第6期13卷 48-53页

作者： Jing SU Kailing CHEN Jinqi FENG Aiqing FENG Jianyuan YANG Xiaoyuan ZHU Plant Protection research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection Guangzhou 510640 China

Rice blast is the most devastating disease in rice,and it seriously threatens the safety of rice *** the ability of integrated prevention and control of rice blast has always been an important part of ensuring food production *** the past decade,scientists have made great progress in the prevention and control techniques of rice blast,which paves the way for the green controlling of rice *** this article,the advances in the intelligentization of rice blast field monitoring techniques,the optimization of prediction and forecast modeling system,the research and development of low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides,biogenic pesticides and inducers and the regulation of multiple ecological factors including variety and cultivation are reviewed,and the new strategies for green controlling of rice blast based on these techniques are ***,the problems such as high pesticide prices and pesticide residue faced by rice blast prevention and control and the challenge of slow research and development of low-toxic and economical biogenic pesticides are ***,the development direction of green controlling of rice blast based on molecular targets,small interfering RNA(siRNA)and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies is predicted,with a view to guaranteeing the safety of rice production.

关键词： Rice Rice blast Integrated prevention and control

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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

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High Power Laser science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone AWE Aldermaston ReadingUK Oxford Centre for High Energy Density science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Intertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Formerly of Electrox LetchworthUK Formerly of Central Laser Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK Formerly of Ferranti Defence Systems LincolnUK Leonardo EdinburghUK Retired AWEReadingUK Formerly of AWE ReadingUK Formerly of Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Formerly of Optilas Ltd Milton KeynesUK Retired Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK Specialised Imaging Ltd PitstoneUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power Electronics Ltd ReadingUK DeBe Lasers Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK SPIE Europe CardiffUK Professor Emeritus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech Instruments Ltd WallingfordUK Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Professor Emeritus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Professor Emeritus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Professor Emeritus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical Surfaces Ltd KenleyUK JEH Lasers Ltd RugbyUK Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK ITER Organization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Precision Optics Ltd BallasallaUK Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Elliot Scientific Ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centre for Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Retired Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Heraeus Noblelight Ltd CambridgeUK Mirli Books ChelmsfordUK M Squared Lasers Ltd GlasgowUK University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUK E&EO UK Ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Department of Physics University of YorkYorkUK IC Optical Systems Ltd BeckenhamUK Laser Micromachining Ltd St AsaphUK MBDA UK Ltd Brist

The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by *** of Hughes research laboratories,*** laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different *** the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of *** historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

关键词： high-power lasers history United Kingdom

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食物-能源-水钮带关系研究能否与农业创新保持同步?

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Engineering 2023年第4期23卷 24-28页

作者：庄杰, Tom Gill Frank E.Löffler 金明洲 Gary S.Sayler Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil science The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Center for Environmental Biotechnology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Agricultural Leadership Education and CommunicationsThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Smith Center for International Agriculture The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Microbiology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

***,The interconnection among food-energy-water(FEW)systems in meeting societal demands is broadly acknowledged[1].Similarly,competitive or synergistic allocations of water and energy resources for agricultural production,manufacturing,and human consumption are understood,and their economic impacts can be predicted[2].Far less appreciated and understood are the outcomes of the FEW nexus in response to operation changes in agricultural practices and the associated technological innovations for future generations[3,4].Also,the inter-scale and feedback effects of emerging technology-driven resource reallocation and decision-making on FEW systems are largely *** example,how do the agroeconomic feedbacks of intelligent technologies influence the FEW nexus of agricultural production under environmental and demographic changes?How does the necessary water allocation for powering non-powered dams and pumped-storage hydropower generation influence agricultural production and municipal water supply maintenance?How do solar and wind energy farms influence land use for agriculture and the rural economy?

关键词： agricultural understood allocation

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Characterization and performance of the Apollon short-focal-area facility following its commissioning at 1 PW level

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第6期6卷 12-25页

作者： K.Burdonov A.Fazzini V.Lelasseux J.Albrecht P.Antici Y.Ayoul A.Beluze D.Cavanna T.Ceccotti M.Chabanis A.Chaleil S.N.Chen Z.Chen F.Consoli M.Cuciuc X.Davoine J.P.Delaneau E.d’Humieres J.-L.Dubois C.Evrard E.Filippov A.Freneaux P.Forestier-Colleoni L.Gremillet V.Horny L.Lancia L.Lecherbourg N.Lebas A.Leblanc W.Ma L.Martin F.Negoita J.-L.Paillard D.Papadopoulos F.Perez S.Pikuz G.Qi F.Quere L.Ranc P.-A.Soderstrom M.Sciscio S.Sun S.Vallieres P.Wang W.Yao F.Mathieu P.Audebert J.Fuchs LULI–CNRS CEASorbonne UniversiteEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Universite Observatoire de ParisUniversite PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance IAP Russian Academy of Sciences603155 Nizhny NovgorodRussia INRS-EMT 1650Boulevard Lionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Universite Paris-Saclay CEACNRSLIDYL91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance Universite Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruy`eres-le-ChˆatelFrance “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety DepartmentC.R.FrascatiVia E.Fermi 4500044 FrascatiItaly University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS125412 MoscowRussia Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquee Ecole Polytechnique–ENSTA–CNRS–Institut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsCAPTPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Laboratoire Charles Fabry Institut d’Optique Graduate SchoolCNRSUniversite Paris-Saclay91127 Palaiseau CedexFrance

We present the results of the first commissioning phase of the short-focal-length area of the Apollon laser facility(located in Saclay,France),which was performed with the first available laser beam(F2),scaled to a nominal power of 1 *** the conditions that were tested,this beam delivered on-target pulses of 10 J average energy and 24 fs *** diagnostics were fielded to assess the performance of the *** on-target focal spot and its spatial stability,the temporal intensity profile prior to the main pulse,and the resulting density gradient formed at the irradiated side of solid targets have been thoroughly characterized,with the goal of helping users design future *** of energetic electrons,ions,and electromagnetic radiation were recorded,showing good laser-to-target coupling efficiency and an overall performance comparable to that of similar international *** will be followed in 2022 by a further commissioning stage at the multipetawatt level.

关键词： performance beam nominal

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Architecture,Design and Computer science:Professional Training for Elementary School Teachers

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2021年第12期15卷 641-654页

作者： Andréa Quadrado Mussi Luisa Fernanda Nercolino Deon Amilton Rodrigo de Quadros Martins Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism(PPGARQ)of the Polytechnic School at Faculdade Meridional(IMED) Passo Fundo/RSCEP 99070-220Brazil Laboratory of Education science and Innovation Faculdade Meridional(IMED)Passo Fundo/RSCEP 99070-220Brazil

Studies show that contemporary teaching methodologies are based on skills and competences directed to different areas of professional practice,such as Architecture,Design and Computer *** learning spaces gain strength,stimulating the development of new skills by *** Digital Manufacturing laboratories(Fab Labs)and Makerspaces are entering the school environment and starting a movement for change in traditional *** they are seen as potential drivers for higher quality education,the lack of specific training for teachers in the face of new digital information and communication technologies,especially in basic education,becomes limiting in the development of new active ***,this study aimed to develop a training dynamic for basic education teachers,addressing the use of tools and equipment for digital manufacturing and prototyping,2D and 3D modeling applications and software,and programming and *** methodology consists of literature review,followed by the action research method with two workshops given through an online and synchronous *** importance of incorporating creative and innovative methodologies in education is understood,and above all,there is a dynamic,planned and effective structure,geared towards the orientation of teachers.

关键词： Digital fabrication computational thinking active learning professional training

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摩天大厦型作物工厂——保障城市食物快速增长需求的作物高效生产系统（英文）

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Engineering 2023年第12期 70-75页

作者： Li Zhang Lan Huang Tao Li Tao Wang Xiao Yang Qichang Yang Institute of Urban Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS) Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center (NASC) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Vertical farming systems, such as sky farms, are a potential type of agricultural system for stable and effective food production. Here, we highlight the potential of the sky farm, denoted as the ‘‘skyscraper crop factory”(SCF), for cereal crop production and discuss some nascent technologies that would be applied in this production system. SCFs are ideal crop-production systems for increasing the effective arable area for crops and ensuring food security in times of crises that cause a shock in global trade. They can also provide food in urban areas to meet producers’ and consumers’ demands for the increased nutrition,taste, and safe production of cereal crops. Moreover, as their use can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,SCFs could be a sustainable addition to conventional agricultural crop production.

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Laser produced electromagnetic pulses: generation, detection and mitigation

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High Power Laser science and Engineering 2020年第2期8卷 88-146页

作者： Fabrizio Consoli Vladimir TTikhonchuk Matthieu Bardon Philip Bradford David CCarroll Jakub Cikhardt Mattia Cipriani Robert JClarke Thomas ECowan Colin NDanson Riccardo De Angelis Massimo De Marco Jean-Luc Dubois Bertr Etchessahar Alejro Laso Garcia David IHillier Ales Honsa Weiman Jiang Viliam Kmetik Josef Krása Yutong Li FredériéLubrano Paul McKenna Josefine Metzkes-Ng Alexre Poyé Irene Prencipe Piotr Ra¸czka Rol ASmith Roman Vrana Nigel CWoolsey Egle Zemaityte Yihang Zhang Zhe Zhang Bernhard Zielbauer David Neely ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety DepartmentC.R.Frascati00044 FrascatiItaly CELIA University of BordeauxCNRSCEA33405 TalenceFrance ELI Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of Sciences25241 Dolni BrezanyCzech Republic CEA DAMCESTA33116 Le BarpFrance Department of Physics York Plasma InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCUKRIChiltonDidcotOxfordshire OX110QXUK Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical Engineering16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of sciences Za Slovankou 318200 PragueCzech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institut fur Strahlenphysik01328 DresdenGermany AWE plc AldermastonReadingBerkshire RG74PRUK OxCHEDS Clarendon LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13PUUK CIFS The Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) 37185 VillamayorSalamancaSpain Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of sciences Na Slovance 218221 PragueCzech Republic School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics Scottish Universities Physics Alliance(SUPA)University of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUK Laboratory PIIM University Aix-Marseille-CNRS13397 MarseilleFrance Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion 01-497 WarsawPoland The Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK PHELIX Group GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur SchwerionenforschungD-64291 DarmstadtGermany

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the problems related to the generation,detection and mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses created in the interaction of high-power,high-energy laser pulses with different types of solid *** includes new experimental data obtained independently at several international *** mechanisms of electromagnetic field generation are analyzed and considered as a function of the intensity and the spectral range of emissions they *** major emphasis is put on the GHz frequency domain,which is the most damaging for electronics and may have important *** physics of electromagnetic emissions in other spectral domains,in particular THz and MHz,is also *** theoretical models and numerical simulations are compared with the results of experimental measurements,with special attention to the methodology of measurements and complementary *** the underlying physical processes is the basis for developing techniques to mitigate the electromagnetic threat and to harness electromagnetic emissions,which may have promising applications.

关键词： electromagnetic pulses high-power lasers diagnostics mitigation techniques

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Banana somatic embryogenesis and biotechnological application

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Tropical Plants 2022年第1期1卷 96-108页

作者： Jingyi Wang Shanshan Gan Yunke Zheng Zhiqiang Jin Yunjiang Cheng Juhua Liu Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology/Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesHainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources/Sanya Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(CATAS)Haikou 571101China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology(Ministry of Education) College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

As one of the most important economic crops for both staple food and fruit widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics,banana(Musa spp.)is susceptible to a plethora of abiotic and biotic *** cultivars resistant to abiotic and biotic stressors without adverse effects on yield and fruit quality are the objectives of banana improvement ***,conventional breeding approaches are time-consuming and severely hampered by inherent banana problems(polyploidy and sterility).Therefore,genetic transformation is becoming increasingly popular and can provide rapid *** efforts have been made to develop superior banana cultivars with better resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses and optimum yields using genetic modification *** embryogenesis(SE)through embryogenic cell suspension(ECS)cultures is an ideal recipient system for genetic transformation in *** purpose of this paper is to review the current status of banana somatic embryo research,clarify the process of banana somatic embryo induction and culture,and summarize the main influencing factors in the process of somatic *** the same time,their applications in breeding technologies such as cryopreservation,protoplast culture,genetic transformation and gene editing were also summarized,in order to provide reference for the research and practical application of banana somatic embryogenesis in the future.

关键词： breeding cultivar crops

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