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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第8期4卷 2-12页

作者： Haruka Imai Tohru Nakashizuka Ryo Kohsaka Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan research institutefor humanity and nature KyotoJapan

Intruduction:We assessed recent trends in children's connection with nature over the period of 2000-2015,using indices of wildlife awareness that focus on changes in wildlife abundance and the level of apathy among *** used data from a survey conducted in 63 junior high school districts in the city of Sendai in *** these surveys,children were asked whether they had seen 12 species groups within the past *** examine changes in children's connection with nature,we used observed frequencies as an indicator of both the abundance of the species and children's apathy toward *** and Discussions:Results indicated an increase in children's apathy toward species that had low popularity regardless of residential *** results suggest that regular exposure to wildlife would be effective in preventing the loss of children's connection with nature,particularly by reducing children's apathy toward less-popular species.

关键词： Connection with nature apathy toward nature abundance of species long-term change questionnairesurvey to citizens residential environment

Energy Balance of Irrigated Intercropping Field in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River Basin

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第3期16卷 243-248页

作者： WU Jinkui DING Yongjian WANG Genxu SHEN Yongping Yusuke YAMAZAKI Jumpei KUBOTA Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China The Laboratory of Climate Study of China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100041 China research Institute for humanity and nature Kyoto 602-0778 Japan

Based on the experiments conducted in an irrigated intercropping field in Zhangye Oasis in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin in 2004, the characteristics of radiation budget are analyzed. Furthermore, energy balance is cal- culated by using Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) method. The results show that the ratio of the absorbed radiation to the incoming short radiation in intercropping crop canopy-soil system is increasing with growing stages, from 0.81 in the initial growing stage (IGS) to 0.86 in the late growing stage (LGS). The net radiation, which is smaller in IGS, in- creases rapidly in the first period of the middle growing stage (MGS) and reaches the maximum value in the second period of MGS. It then somewhat decreases in LGS. The ratio of net radiation to total radiation has a similar trend with the net radiation. In the whole growing stages, latent heat flux, which takes up 70% or so of the net radiation, is the dominant item in energy balance. Sensible heat flux shares 20% of the net radiation and soil heat flux has a percentage of 10%. The characteristics of heat balance vary distinctly in different growing stages. In IGS, the ratios of latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and soil heat flux to net radiation are 44.5%, 23.8% and 31.7% respectively. In MGS, with the in- creasing of latent heat flux and the decreasing of sensible heat flux and soil heat flux, the ratios turn into 84.4%, 6.3% and 9.3%. In LGS, the soil heat flux maintains 0W/m2 or so, and latent heat flux and sensible heat flux take up 61.4% and 38.6% respectively. The energy balance also shows an obvious daily variation characteristic.

关键词： radiation budget energy balance intercropping field Heihe River basin

Characteristics of Atmospheric Particles and Radiation Over Tibetan Plateau

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Characteristics of Atmospheric Particles and Radiation Over ...

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF LOW-LYING PRAIRIE WETLAND IN MIDDLE REACHES OF HEIHE RIVER IN NORTHWEST CHINA

第四届青藏高原国际学术研讨会

作者： Kazuaki Kawamoto research Institute for humanity and nature KyotoJapan

＜正＞In order to help a comprehensive understanding of climate processes over Tibetan Plateau, some basic meteorological components （aerosol optical depth, precipitable water, cloud fraction, cloud optical depth, precipitation and surface downward shortwave radiative flux: DSRF） are collected and analyzed to study their seasonal variations. Most of products used here are from satellite data analysis from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project （ISCCP）. Data of aerosol optical depth, precipitation and radiative flux are from numerical model simulations, ground-based rain gauges and parameterization inputting ISCCP products, respectively. The area interested is E70-E105, N20-N50. Aerosol optical depth is not seasonally-variable. On average, it is about 0.7. This value is rather high over land. The main component of aerosol species seems to be soil particles. Cloud fraction is particularly high in April and July and vice versa. Clouds are optically thicker （around about 30） in summer, and are not so much in other seasons. These would be caused by Asian monsoon for spring-summer and by high-pressure system for fall-winter. DSRF is dominated by the cloud fraction, cloud optical depth and solar zenith angle. Consequently, the seasonal variation of DSRF is complicatedly combinative with cloud and sun-viewing conditions. Satellite-derived DSRF is compared with ground-based pyranometer to be validated. Detailed analyses including precipitation will be shown at the symposium.

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Chinese Geographical Science 2005年第4期15卷 325-329页

作者： WU Jin-kui DING Yong-jian WANG Gen-xu SHEN Yong-ping Yusuke YAMAZAKI Jumpei KUBOTA Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China The Laboratory of Climate Study of China Metralogical Administration Beijing 100041 P. R. China research Institute far humanity and nature Kyoto 602-0778 Japan

Low-lying prairie wetland, which has characteristics of both grassland and wetland, has irreplaceable ecological functions in inland river basins of Northwest China. Owing to its small-scale distribution, so far, the observation and research on it are rare. The estimation of evapotranspiration is significant to ecological and environmental construction, scientific management of pasture and protection of wetland. For studying the evapotranspiration （ET） of low-lying prairie wetland in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, an inland river, in Northwest China, the automatic weather station in Linze Ecological Experimental Station of Lanzhou University （39°15′ 3″N, 100°03′ 52″ E）, Linze, Gansu Province, was selected as a case study. Based on meteorological data collected, Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance （BREB） method was used to calculate the evapotranspiration （ET） of low-lying prairie wetland. The analysis results showed that in a whole year （September 2003 -August 2004）, the total ET was 611.5mm and mean daily 1.67mm/d. The ET varied with different growing stages. In non-growing stage （NGS）, initial growing stage （IGS）, middle growing stage （MGS） and end growing stage （EGS）, the ET was 0.57, 2.01, 3.82 and 1.49mrrdd, with a percentage of total ET of 18.26%, 9.20%, 61.83% and 10.71% respectively. In March, ET began to increase. But in April, the ET increased most. After that, it increased gradually and got the maximal value in July. From then on, the ET decreased gradually. In September, the ET decreased rapidly. With the ending of growing and the freezing of soil, the ET stopped from the middle of November to February in next year. Hourly ET analysis showed that at 8：00 a.m. （during MGS at 7：00 a.m.）, the evapotranspiration began, at 13：00 p.m. got its maximal value and at 19：00 p.m. （during MGS at 20：00 p.m.）, the evapotranspiration stopped. The intensity of ET in sunny day was much larger than that in cloudy day in the same growing stage.

关键词： evapotranspiration low-lying prairie wetland inland river basin

Land and Water Use in Rice-upland Crop Rotation Areas in Lower Ili River Basin, Kazakhstan

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2010年第4期17卷 8-13页

作者： SHIMIZU Katsuyuki KITAMURA Yoshinobu ANZAI Toshihiko KUBOTA Jumpei Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University The Graduate School of Agriculture Tottori University research Institute for humanity and nature

The lower Ili River Basin is located in semi-arid area, and the annual rainfall is 177mm. Therefore, the irrigation is inevitable for agriculture. Large-scale irrigated agriculture had been developed since 1960＇s in the lower parts of the river and the total irrigated area is about 32 000 hm2. In the project area, the paddy rice-upland crop rotation has been practiced. Due to the domestic water use for hydropower and agriculture as well as water use among riparian countries, the deficit of water for agriculture in the lower part has been concerned. The authors, therefore, conducted the field survey and water balance analysis of the Akdara irrigation project in the lower Ill River Basin in order to assess the land and water uses. Moreover, the impact of the water use on water environment to the basin was analyzed. The following results were obtained as following （1） the groundwater level in the irrigated district varied from 1.5 m to 3.5 m through year. （2） 1970＇s groundwater level was drastically raised from 8 m to 3 m and the groundwater had been recharged in this period. （3） Water use efficiency of agriculture, which is the ratio of total evapotranspiration to the total water withdrawal was as low as 0.23.

关键词： crop rotation water balance overall irrigation efficiency groundwater fluctuation dry land

Effects of landscape pattern changes on runoff of alpine grassland watershed

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Effects of landscape pattern changes on runoff of alpine gra...

Linking Surface Temperature Based Approaches for Estimating Soil Heat Flux with Error Propagation

第三世界生态高峰会

作者： Jumpei Kubota research Institute for humanity and nature.Kyoto 602-0878 Japan

The effects of landscape pattern changes on the runoff process and soil water cycle in alpine grassland watershed are a key factor in the rational allocation of water resources to the middle and lower reaches. Based on three periods of remote sense data from 1960s and the long-term observed data of runoff from 1980s,the impacts of landscape pattern changes on the unoff process and soil water cycle in alpine grassland watershed in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of FDC and runoff dynamic *** alpine grassland, the Shandan river in Hexi Corridor and the Tongtian river in center of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,were choused as case study and compared with each *** results showed that:（1）since 1967 the landscape pattern changes was *** Shandan river,the shrub land and high-coverage grassland areas declined by 32.18% and 47.2%, respectively,whereas urban and cultivated lands increased by 1201.5% and 886.9%,*** Tongtian river,the alpine cold swamp and alpine cold meadow areas decreased by 42.7% and 12.1% respectively, which mainly turned into lower cover alpine cold meadow and bare rock and sparse land.（2）The landscape pattern changes in the Tongtian river basin resulted in annual average runoff decreased by 15.2%,and the runoff with frequency of more than 20% decreased distinctly. However,the runoff frequency of more than 550m/s was increased. The climatic and alpine vegetation coverage changes,which were the main factors,contributed to the runoff decrease by 5.8% and 5.5% respectively.（3）In Shandan river,the impact of landscape pattern changes,especially in the large areas of upstream woodland and grassland turned into cultivated lands since 1967,has resulted in a mean annual runoff decrease of 28.12%,a base flow decline of 35.32% a drop in the maximum peak discharge of 35.77%,and mean discharge decreases in spring and autumn of 36.05% and 24.87% respectively,of which the contribution of cultivated land expansion to the infl

关键词： Landscape pattern change hydrological response runoff decline grassland watershed

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2014年第1期4卷 29-41页

作者： Panpan Lu Yuanbo Liu Tetsuya Hiyama Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China research Institute for humanity and nature Kyoto Japan

Soil heat flux is an inseparable component of the surface energy balance. Accurate estimation of regional soil heat flux is valuable to studies of meteorology and hydrology. Conventional measurement of using soil heat flux plates at the site scale is impractical to estimate large-scale flux. Other approaches generally require soil temperature to?be measured in at least two soil layers, which is also difficult to implement at the regional scale. In the last decade, single-layer based approaches were developed to fulfill the regional requirement. This study used a simple but more general approach for estimating soil heat flux solely with surface temperature. The generalized approach can be conditionally linked to two existing single-layer based approaches but has fewer restrictions or assumptions. Error analysis revealed that measurement error in surface temperature would have limited effects on soil heat flux estimated from the new approach. Model simulations showed that soil heat flux estimated from the approach agreed with those simulated from the heat transfer equation. Furthermore, case examinations at two sites with contrasting climate regimes demonstrated that the generalized approach had better performance than the existing single-layer approaches. It achieved the highest correlation of determination and the lowest mean, standard deviation, and root mean squared error of the differences between the estimates and the field measures at either site. The generalized approach can estimate soil heat flux at a depth but it requires only surface temperature data as input, which is an advantage to remote sensing applications.

关键词： Soil Heat Flux Land Surface Temperature Remote Sensing

格萨尔文化的传承与创新——访知名藏族学者降边嘉措先生

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西藏大学学报（藏文版） 2024年第2期 1-18,191页

作者：昂文生格其米多吉西南民族大学民族学和社会学西北民族研究院 School of humanity Tibet UniversityLhasa850000

降边嘉措先生是知名的格萨尔研究专家,也是著名的藏族作家。他为我国藏学事业,尤其是格萨尔研究和文学创作做出了巨大贡献。文章围绕格萨尔文化的创新性转化和创造性发展问题,以及格萨尔研究领域的重点和疑点问题,对降边嘉措先生作了专... 详细信息

降边嘉措先生是知名的格萨尔研究专家,也是著名的藏族作家。他为我国藏学事业,尤其是格萨尔研究和文学创作做出了巨大贡献。文章围绕格萨尔文化的创新性转化和创造性发展问题,以及格萨尔研究领域的重点和疑点问题,对降边嘉措先生作了专题采访。在采访中,降边嘉措先生对新出现的“吟诵艺人”的作用和价值给予了充分的肯定,强调了延续说唱艺人原真性的重要性。他认为,被赋予各种“格萨尔”传说的山川河流,是当地某一个历史时期的政治、经济、文化、生产生活、人与自然和谐共生等方面的意识表现。这些传说对各地传承历史、重温历史具有十分重要的意义,而且对保护该地区生态环境也起到了重要的作用。在格萨尔研究方面,他还强调了苯教思想对格萨尔文化的影响,以及格萨尔文化趋于多样化的特征。

关键词：格萨尔文化传承创新关系

The Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor and the Concurrenmeteorological Conditions Around July-1st Glacier in Thenortheast Part of the Tibetan Plateau

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The Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor and the Concurrenmet...

Nitrogen resorption and fractionation during leaf senescence in typical tree species in Japan

第四届青藏高原国际学术研讨会

作者： Akiyo Yatagai Atsuko Sugimoto Masayoshi Nakawo research Institute for humanity and nature Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University

The stable isotopic ratio of water vapor (δO and δD) was measured near July-1st Glacier (39.25N, 97.75E, 4250 m) in Northwest China. From 11 to 17 August 2003, we collected and then analyzed atmospheric samples at July-1st Glacier (Qiyi) and a base camp (BC), that was 4km from Qiyi. Then the temporal change of the isotopic composition was compared with the atmospheric circulation fields using and European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) objective analysis dataset.

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Journal of Forestry research 2020年第6期31卷 2053-2062页

作者： Ayako Enta Mika Hayashi Maximo Larry Lopez Caceres Lei Fujiyoshi Toshiro Yamanaka Akira Oikawa Felix Seidel Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata UniversityWakabamachi 1-23Tsuruoka 997-8555Japan research Institute for humanity and nature Motoyama 457-4KamigamoKita-kuKyoto 603-8047Japan Department of Ocean and Environmental Sciences Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology4-5-7 Konan Minato-kuTokyo 108-8477Japan

In northeastern Japan,an area of high precipitation and mountains,beech(Fagus creanata Blume),larch(Larix kaempferi Lamb.),cedar(Cryptomeria japonica ***)and black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)were evaluated for N resorption and N isotope fractionation in preand post-abscission leaves in comparison to green *** highest leaf N concentration in summer corresponded to the N-fi xing black locust,followed in decreasing order by the deciduous beech and larch and evergreen *** the other hand,the lowest N resorption effi ciency corresponded to black locust and the highest to beech,in increasing order by larch and *** tree species returned signifi cant amounts of N before leaf abscission;however,N isotope fractionation during leaf N resorption was only found for beech,with a depleted N isotope value from green to pre-abscission *** most N,however,was resorbed from pre-abscission to *** result may indicate thatδ15 N fractionation took place during N transformation processes,such as protein hydrolysis,when the concentration of free amino acids increased *** diff erence in the type of amino acid produced by each species could have infl uenced the N isotope ratio in beech but not in the other tree *** results of this study showed that it is possible to infer the type and timing of processes relevant to N resorption by analyzing leafδ15 N variation during senescence.

关键词： Amino acids Cool temperate forest Fresh litter N resorption δ15 N