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petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3301-3310页

作者： Lin Jiang Wen Zhao Dong-Mei Bo Feng Hong Yan-Jie Gong Jia-Qing Hao research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

The prediction of continental tight sandstone gas sweet spots is an obstacle during tight sandstone gas exploration. In this work, the classic physical fluid charging experimental equipment is improved, the combination of the gas migration and accumulation process with the pore network numerical simulation method is investigated, and application of the permeability/porosity ratio is proposed to predict the gas saturation and sweet spots of continental formations. The results show that (1) as the charging pressure increases, the permeability of the reservoir increases because more narrow pore throats are displaced in the percolation process;and (2) based on pore network numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the natural gas migration and accumulation mechanisms are revealed. The gas saturation of tight sandstone rock is controlled by the gas charging pressure and dynamic percolation characteristics. (3) The ratio of permeability/porosity and fluid charging pressure is proposed to predict the gas saturation of the formation. The ratio is verified in a pilot and proven to be applicable and practical. This work highlights the tight sandstone gas migration and accumulation mechanisms and narrows the gap among microscale physical experiments, numerical simulation research, and field applications.

关键词： Tight sandstone gas Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation Physical experiment Numerical simulation

A production prediction method of single well in water flooding oilfield based on integrated temporal convolutional network model

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petroleum exploration and development 2022年第5期49卷 1150-1160页

作者： ZHANG Lei DOU Hongen WANG Tianzhi WANG Hongliang PENG Yi ZHANG Jifeng LIU Zongshang MI Lan JIANG Liwei PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Beijing 100083China research institute of petroleum exploration and development Daqing Oilfield CompanyDaqing 163000China

Since the oil production of single well in water flooding reservoir varies greatly and is hard to predict, an oil production prediction method of single well based on temporal convolutional network(TCN) is proposed and verified. This method is started from data processing, the correspondence between water injectors and oil producers is determined according to the influence radius of the water injectors, the influence degree of a water injector on an oil producer in the month concerned is added as a model feature, and a Random Forest(RF) model is built to fill the dynamic data of water flooding. The single well history is divided into 4 stages according to its water cut, that is, low water cut, middle water cut, high water cut and extra-high water cut stages. In each stage, a TCN based prediction model is established, hyperparameters of the model are optimized by the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA). Finally, the models of the 4 stages are integrated into one whole-life model of the well for production prediction. The application of this method in Daqing Oilfield, NE China shows that:(1) Compared with conventional data processing methods, the data obtained by this processing method are more close to the actual production, and the data set obtained is more authentic and complete.(2) The TCN model has higher prediction accuracy than other 11 models such as Long Short Term Memory(LSTM).(3) Compared with the conventional full-life-cycle models, the model of integrated stages can significantly reduce the error of production prediction.

关键词： single well production prediction temporal convolutional network time series prediction water flooding reservoir

Rock thin-section analysis and identification based on artificial intelligent technique

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petroleum Science 2022年第4期19卷 1605-1621页

作者： He Liua Yi-Li Ren Xin Li Yan-Xu Hu Jian-Ping Wu Bin Li Lu Luo Zhi Tao Xi Liu Jia Liang Yun-Ying Zhang Xiao-Yu An Wen-Kai Fang PetroChina research institute of petroleum exploration&development Beijing100083China research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Huabei Oilfield CompanyHebei Renqiu062552China

Rock thin-section identification is an indispensable geological exploration tool for understanding and recognizing the composition of the earth.It is also an important evaluation method for oil and gas exploration and development.It can be used to identify the petrological characteristics of reservoirs,determine the type of diagenesis,and distinguish the characteristics of reservoir space and pore structure.It is necessary to understand the physical properties and sedimentary environment of the reservoir,obtain the relevant parameters of the reservoir,formulate the oil and gas development plan,and reserve calculation.The traditional thin-section identification method has a history of more than one hundred years,which mainly depends on the geological experts'visual observation with the optical microscope,and is bothered by the problems of strong subjectivity,high dependence on experience,heavy workload,long identification cycle,and incapability to achieve complete and accurate quantification.In this paper,the models of particle segmentation,mineralogy identification,and pore type intelligent identification are constructed by using deep learning,computer vision,and other technologies,and the intelligent thinsection identification is realized.This paper overcomes the problem of multi-target recognition in the image sequence,constructs a fine-grained classification network under the multi-mode and multi-light source,and proposes a modeling scheme of data annotation while building models,forming a scientific,quantitative and efficient slice identification method.The experimental results and practical application results show that the thin-section intelligent identification technology proposed in this paper does not only greatly improves the identification efficiency,but also realizes the intuitive,accurate and quantitative identification results,which is a subversive innovation and change to the traditional thin-section identification practice.

关键词： Thin-section identification Artificial intelligence Deep learning Computer vision Sedimentary reservoir

Key Problems and Countermeasures in CO_(2)Flooding and Storage

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第3期97卷 858-872页

作者： CHEN Huanqing research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Based on literature research in combination with the practice of CO_(2)flooding and storage in Jilin Oilfield,this study assesses the key problems in CO_(2)flooding and storage,proposing the corresponding countermeasures from five aspects of CO_(2)gas source condition,namely geological condition evaluation,scheme design incoordination with other production methods,economic and effectiveness evaluation,together with dynamic monitoring and safety evaluation.The results show that CO_(2)flooding is the most economic and effective CO_(2)storage method.In eastern China,inorganic origin CO_(2)gas reservoirs are widely developed and are especially the most enriched in the Paleozoic carbonate rock strata and the Cenozoic Paleogene–Neogene system,which provide a rich resource base for CO_(2)flooding and storage.In the future,CO_(2)generated in the industrial field will become the main gas source of CO_(2)flooding and storage.The evaluation of geological conditions of oil and gas reservoirs is the basis for the potential evaluation,planning scheme design and implementation of CO_(2)flooding and storage.CO_(2)storage should be below the depth of 800 m,the CO_(2)flooding and storage effects in lowpermeability oil reservoirs being the best.CO_(2)geological storage mechanisms primarily consist of tectonic geological storage,bound gas storage,dissolution storage,mineralization storage,hydrodynamic storage and coalbed adsorption storage.The practice of CO_(2)flooding and storage in Jilin Oilfield demonstratesthat the oil increment by CO_(2)flooding is at least 24%higher than by conventional water flooding.The most critical factor determining the success or failure of CO_(2)flooding and storage is economic effectiveness,which needs to be explored from two aspects:the method and technology innovation along with the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality policy support.After CO_(2)is injected into the reservoir,it will react with the reservoir and fluid,the problem of CO_(2)recovery or overflow will occur,so the dynamic monitoring and

关键词： CO_(2)flooding and storage CO_(2)gas source low permeability reservoir economic effectiveness dynamic monitoring

An Evaluation of Phase Behaviors of the Oil-Gas-Water System in the Displacement of Crude Oil with CO_(2)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第2期97卷 573-580页

作者： ZHANG Angang FAN Zifei HE Jun Petrochina research institute of petroleum exploration and development Beijing 100083China

CO_(2)dissolution into an aqueous phase and water evaporation into a gaseous phase takes place during CO_(2)injection into an oil reservoir.This study aims to evaluate the phase behaviors of the oil-gas-water system in the displacement of crude oil by CO_(2).The composition of the JL oilfield in the northeast of China is taken as an example.The flash calculation of the oil-gas-water system was performed,based on the method presented by Li and Nghiem.The research results show that CO_(2)dissolution in the aqueous phase declines as the NaCl concentration in formation water rises.CO_(2)injection is beneficial for the evaporation of formation water.The NaCl concentration in formation water has little effect on water evaporation and dissolved-gas escape.When the injection-gas mole fraction of CO_(2)is 0.5,CO_(2)injection can reverse the phase behavior of the petroleum mixture and the oil-gas system is converted to a pure gas-condensate system.For CO_(2)injection,water vapor has little effect on the miscibility of multiple contacts,but can reduce the miscibility of the first contact.

关键词： CO_(2)dissolution water vapor phase behaviors formation water sensitivity analysis

High-precision Dating and Geological Significance of Chang 7 Tuff Zircon of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin in Central China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第6期93卷 1823-1834页

作者： ZHU Rukai CUI Jingwei DENG Shenghui LUO Zhong LU Yuanzheng QIU Zhen research institute of petroleum exploration and development

The Ordos Basin, as the second largest petroliferous basin of China, contains abundant oil and gas resources, oil shale, and sandstone-type uranium mineral resources. Chang 7 shale is not only the major source rock of the Mesozoic petroliferous system of the Basin, but is also crucial in determining the space-time distribution relationship of the shale section for the effective exploration and development of the Basin's oil and gas resources. To obtain a highly precise age of the shale development section, we collected tuff samples from the top and bottom profile of the Chang 7 Member, Yishi Village, Yaoqu Town, Tongchuan District, on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin and performed high-precision chemical abrasion(CA)–isotope dilution(ID)–thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) zircon U-Pb dating on the basis of extensive laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating data. Our results show the precise ages of the top and bottom zircon in the Chang 7 shale to be 241.06±0.12 Ma and 241.558±0.093 Ma, respectively. We first obtained Chang 7 age data with Grade 0.1-Ma precision and then determined the age of the shale development in the Chang 7 Member to be the early-Middle Triassic Ladinian. This result is supported by paleontological evidence. The deposition duration of the Chang 7 shale is 0.5 Ma with an average deposition rate of the shale section being 5.3 cm/ka. Our research results provide time scale and basic data for further investigation of the basin–mountain coupling relation of the shale section, the sedimentary environment and volcanic ash and organic-matter-rich shale development relation, and the organism break-out and organic-matter enrichment mechanism.

关键词： Ordos Basin Chang 7 Member tuff zircon U-Pb dating

Distribution prediction of the glutenite in Member 3 of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba area,northern Sichuan Basin

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petroleum research 2022年第1期7卷 123-130页

作者： Yanqing Huang Tian Lin Ai Wang Zeyu Nan Sinopec petroleum exploration and development research institute Beijing100083China

Although the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba area of northern Sichuan has a large amount of resources,the proportion of proved reserves to the amount of resources is low.Production of most of the pilot production wells is high at the initial stage,but it declines rapidly,mainly due to tight rock properties and strong heterogeneity of Xujiahe Formation.Thus,it is important to investigate the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.The Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation develops sandstone interbedded with mudstone,and its lateral thickness of different sandstone groups varies greatly,so it is a challenge to identify appropriate time windows for seismic attribute analysis,thus,so the prediction effect of the glutenite in the Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation.In this study,through analysis of core data and logging facies,single-well sedimentary microfacies subdivision is carried out.Single-well lithological interpretation is also studied with application of lithological identification technique.Then,lithological associations and its seismic responses at the top and bottom interfaces of each sandstone group in the Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation are well investigated,The lithological association with the glutenite above and the mudstone below the stratigraphic interface respectively,corresponds to a trough in seismic profiles;in this case,when extracting the seismic attributes of sandstone groups above the stratigraphic interface,only the difference of between drilling horizons and seismic horizons needs to be considered.The lithological association with the mudstone above and glutenite below the stratigraphic interface respectively,corresponds to a peak in seismic profiles;in this case,when extracting the seismic attributes of sandstone groups above the stratigraphic interface,influence of which should be eliminated;thus,a method of time window determination for seismic attribute extraction is established.Among amplitude,frequency,and phase attributes,the total peak energy has the good correlation with thickness of the glu

关键词： Braided river delta Time window Seismic attribute Glutenite Xujiahe formation Sichuan basin

Formation mechanisms,potentials and exploration practices of large lithologic gas reservoirs in and around an intracratonic rift:Taking the Sinian-Cambrian of Sichuan Basin as an example

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petroleum exploration and development 2022年第3期49卷 530-545页

作者： WEI Guoqi YANG Wei XIE Wuren SU NanX IE Zengye ZENG Fuying MA Shiyu JIN Hui WANG Zhihong ZHU Qiuying HAO Cuiguo WANG Xiaodan research institute of petroleum exploration&development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

By examining structures,sediments,reservoirs and accumulation assemblages in the Deyang-Anyue rift and its surrounding area,four new understandings are obtained.First,during the initiation period of Deyang-Anyue rift,multiple groups of faults developed in the rift due to the effect of tensile force,bringing about multiple mound and shoal belts controlled by horsts in the second member of the Sinian Dengying Formation;in the development stage of the rift,the boundary faults of the rift controlled the development of mound and shoal belts at the platform margin in the fourth member of Dengying Formation;during the shrinkage period of the rift,platform margin grain shoals of the Cambrian Canglangpu Formation developed in the rift margin.Second,four sets of large-scale mound and shoal reservoirs in the second member of Dengying Formation,the fourth member of Dengying Formation,Canglangpu Formation and Longwangmiao Formation overlap with several sets of source rocks such as Qiongzhusi Formation source rocks and Dengying Formation argillaceous limestone or dolomite developed inside and outside the rift,forming good source-reservoir-cap rock combinations;the sealing of tight rock layers in the lateral and updip direction results in the formation model of large lithologic gas reservoirs of oil pool before gas,continuous charging and independent preservation of each gas reservoir.Third,six favorable exploration zones of large-scale lithologic gas reservoirs have been sorted out through comprehensive evaluation,namely,mound and shoal complex controlled by horsts in the northern part of the rift in the second member of Dengying Formation,isolated karst mound and shoal complex of the fourth member of Dengying Formation in the south of the rift,the superimposed area of multi-stage platform margin mounds and shoals of the second and fourth members of Dengying Formation and Canglangpu Formation in the north slope area,the platform margin mounds and shoals of the second and fourth members of Dengying Formation in the west side of

关键词： intracratonic rift large lithologic gas reservoir accumulation mechanism Sichuan Basin Sinian-Cambrian Deying-Anyue rift mound and shoal belt

Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy of the Cambrian System in the Eastern Tarim Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1277-1293页

作者： WANG Huajian SU Jin WANG Xiaomei YE Yuntao WANG Yu FANG Yu ZHANG Shuichang research institute of petroleum exploration&development Beijing 100083China

The ultra-deep Cambrian System in the Tarim Basin is an important field for petroleum exploration,while fine division of the Cambrian strata remains controversial.In recent years,carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Cambrian System has been established and widely used.Here,we report an integrated profile of carbonate and organic carbon isotopic values(δ^(13)C_(carb)andδ^(13)C_(org))from cuttings of the Tadong2 Well in the eastern Tarim Basin.Three carbon isotope anomalies of BACE,ROECE and SPICE were recognized on theδ^(13)C_(carb)profile.Three apogees and a nadir on theδ^(13)C_(org)profile and the onset of ROECE on theδ^(13)C_(carb)profile were suggested as boundaries of the present four series of the Cambrian System.Suggested boundaries are easily identifiable on the gamma logging profile and is consistent with the previous division scheme,based on biostratigraphic evidence in outcrop sections.Abnormal carbon cycle perturbations and organic carbon burials during the BACE and SPICE events might be related to the reduction and expansion of a huge dissolved organic carbon reservoir in the deep ocean of the ancient Tarim Basin.

关键词： organic carbon black shale dissolved organic carbon BACE SPICE stratigraphic division

Hydrocarbon generation characteristics and exploration prospects of Proterozoic source rocks in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第6期62卷 909-934页

作者： Wenzhi ZHAO Xiaomei WANG Suyun HU Shuichang ZHANG Huajian WANG Shuwei GUAN Yuntao YE Rong REN Tongshan WANG Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina

A large number of primary oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in Proterozoic strata all over the globe.Proterozoic sequences are widely distributed in China, and the discovery of large Sinian-aged gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Mesoproterozoic liquid oil seepages in North China shows that attention should be paid to the exploration potential of Proterozoic strata. In this paper, the main controlling factors of Proterozoic source rocks are discussed. Principally, active atmospheric circulation and astronomical cycles may have driven intense upwelling and runoff to provide nutrients; oxygenated oceanic surface waters could have provided suitable environments for the organisms to thrive; volcanic activity and terrestrial weathering caused by continental break-up would have injected large amounts of nutrients into the ocean, leading to persistent blooms of marine organisms; and extensive anoxic deep waters may have created ideal conditions for the preservation of organic matter. Additionally, the appearance of eukaryotes resulted in diversified hydrocarbon parent material, which effectively improved the generation potential for oil and gas. Through the comparison of Formations across different cratons, seven sets of Proterozoic organic-rich source rocks have been recognized in China, which mainly developed during interglacial periods and are also comparable worldwide. The Hongshuizhuang and Xiamaling Formations in North China have already been identified previously as Mesoproterozoic source rocks. The early Proterozoic Changchengian System is highly promising as a potential source rock in the Ordos Basin. In the Upper Yangtze area, the Neoproterozoic Datangpo and Doushantuo Formations are extensively distributed, and represent the major source rocks for Sinian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin. Moreover, the Nanhuan System may contain abundant shales with high organic matter contents in the Tarim Basin, although this possibility still needs to be verified. Indeed, all three cratons may contain sour

关键词： Proterozoic Source rocks Hydrocarbon generation characteristics Replacement field