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Prompt learning in computer vision: a survey

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frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 42-63页

作者： Yiming LEI Jingqi LI Zilong LI Yuan CAO Hongming SHAN Shanghai Key Laboratory of intelligent Information Processing School of Computer ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China institute of science and Technology for brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China moe frontiers center for brain science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai center for brain science and brain-Inspired Technology Shanghai 201210China

Prompt learning has attracted broad attention in computer vision since the large pre-trained visionlanguagemodels (VLMs) exploded. Based on the close relationship between vision and language information builtby VLM, prompt learning becomes a crucial technique in many important applications such as artificial intelligencegenerated content (AIGC). In this survey, we provide a progressive and comprehensive review of visual promptlearning as related to AIGC. We begin by introducing VLM, the foundation of visual prompt learning. Then, wereview the vision prompt learning methods and prompt-guided generative models, and discuss how to improve theefficiency of adapting AIGC models to specific downstream tasks. Finally, we provide some promising researchdirections concerning prompt learning.

关键词： Prompt learning Visual prompt tuning(VPT) Image generation Image classification Artificial intelligence generated content(AIGC)

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Robust autofocusing propagation in turbulence

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 370-375页

作者：刘娜娜谭柳陈凯健洪佩龙莫小明邹炳锁任煜轩梁毅 Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics Center on Nanoenergy ResearchSchool of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Mathematics and Physics Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing 246133China institute for Translational brain research MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Turbulence in complex environments such as the atmosphere and biological media has always been a great challenge to the application of beam propagation in optical communication, optical trapping and manipulation. To overcome this challenge, this study comprehensively investigates the robust propagation of traditional Gaussian and autofocusing beams in turbulent environments. In order to select stable beams that exhibit high intensity and high field gradient at the focal position in complex environments, Kolmogorov turbulence theory is used to simulate the propagation of beams in atmospheric turbulence based on the multi-phase screen method. We systematically analyze the intensity fluctuations, the variation of the coherence factor and the change in the scintillation index with propagation distance. The analysis reveals that the intensity fluctuations of autofocusing beams are significantly smaller than those of Gaussian beams, and the coherence of autofocusing beams is better than that of Gaussian beams under turbulence. Moreover, autofocusing beams exhibit less oscillation than Gaussian beams, indicating that autofocusing beams propagate in complex environments with less distortion and intensity fluctuation. Overall, this work clearly demonstrates that autofocusing beams exhibit higher stability in propagation compared with Gaussian beams, showing great promise for applications such as optical trapping and manipulation in complex environments.

关键词： propagation beams autofocusing turbulence

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Toward understanding the role of genomic repeat elements in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 646-659页

作者： Zhengyu An Aidi Jiang Jingqi Chen institute of science and Technology for brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina moe frontiers center for brain science Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina moe Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation center ShanghaiChina

Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage sequencing technology, researchers have started to notice that genomic repeat regions, previously neglected in search of disease culprits, are active contributors to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the association between repeat element variants and multiple degenerative diseases through genome-wide association studies and targeted sequencing. We discuss the identification of disease-relevant repeat element variants, further powered by the advancement of long-read sequencing technologies and their related tools, and summarize recent findings in the molecular mechanisms of repeat element variants in brain degeneration, such as those causing transcriptional silencing or RNA-mediated gain of toxic function. Furthermore, we describe how in silico predictions using innovative computational models, such as deep learning language models, could enhance and accelerate our understanding of the functional impact of repeat element variants. Finally, we discuss future directions to advance current findings for a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and the clinical applications of genomic repeat elements.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease ataxia deep learning long-read sequencing neurodegeneration neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson's disease repeat element structural variant

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DNA bridging of FOXP3 ladder-like multimer: Unveiling a novel transcriptional regulation paradigm

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 15-16页

作者： Ying Lu Lanfang Li Hanting Yang Bin Li Zuoyun Wang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital and School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China institute for Translational brain research State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceDepartment of NeurologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai institute of Immunology Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

In the latest issue of Nature,Zhang et *** a novel ladder-like structure of FOXP3-DNA interaction involving FOXP3 multimerization and remote DNA bridging through a combination of biochemistry,structural biology,cell biology,and bioinformatics analyses.1 In this commentary,we highlight their key findings and provide our insights into the research paradigm for further exploration of a novel transcriptional regulation mode as well as a therapeutic strategy from the structural aspects of the FOXP3 complex(Figure 1).

关键词： FOXP3 bridging

Harvesting random embedding for high-frequency change-point detection in temporal complex systems

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National science Review 2022年第4期9卷 92-104页

作者： Jia-Wen Hou Huan-Fei Ma Dake He Jie Sun Qing Nie Wei Lin research institute of intelligent complex systems Fudan University Centre for Computational systems Biology Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired IntelligenceFudan University School of Mathematical sciences Soochow University Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine School of Mathematical sciences and Shanghai center for Mathematical sciences Fudan University Department of Mathematics Department of Developmental and Cell Biologyand NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate ResearchUniversity of California Shanghai Key Laboratory for Contemporary Applied Mathematics LNMS (Fudan University)and LCNBI (Fudan University) State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceFudan University

Recent investigations have revealed that dynamics of complex networks and systems are crucially dependent on the temporal structures. Accurate detection of the time instant at which a system changes its internal structures has become a tremendously significant mission, beneficial to fully understanding the underlying mechanisms of evolving systems, and adequately modeling and predicting the dynamics of the systems as well. In real-world applications, due to a lack of prior knowledge on the explicit equations of evolving systems, an open challenge is how to develop a practical and model-free method to achieve the mission based merely on the time-series data recorded from real-world systems. Here, we develop such a model-free approach, named temporal change-point detection(TCD), and integrate both dynamical and statistical methods to address this important challenge in a novel way. The proposed TCD approach, basing on exploitation of spatial information of the observed time series of high dimensions, is able not only to detect the separate change points of the concerned systems without knowing, a priori, any information of the equations of the systems, but also to harvest all the change points emergent in a relatively high-frequency manner, which cannot be directly achieved by using the existing methods and *** effectiveness is comprehensively demonstrated using the data from the representative complex dynamics and real-world systems from biology to geology and even to social science.

关键词： temporal systems time series change-point detection complex dynamical systems

Restoring After Central Nervous System Injuries:Neural Mechanisms and Translational Applications of Motor Recovery

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第12期38卷 1569-1587页

作者： Zhengrun Gao Zhen Pang Yiming Chen Gaowei Lei Shuai Zhu Guotao Li Yundong Shen Wendong Xu Department of Hand Surgery Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China The National Clinical research center for Aging and Medicine Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Jing’an District Central HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China institutes of brain science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and moe frontiers center for brain science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040China institute of Automation State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex SystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Co-innovation center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantong 226000China research Unit of Synergistic Reconstruction of Upper and Lower Limbs after brain Injury Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai 200400China

Central nervous system(CNS)injuries,including stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury,are leading causes of long-term *** is estimated that more than half of the survivors of severe unilateral injury are unable to use the denervated *** studies have focused on neuroprotective interventions in the affected hemisphere to limit brain lesions and neurorepair measures to promote ***,the ability to increase plasticity in the injured brain is restricted and difficult to ***,over several decades,researchers have been prompted to enhance the compensation by the unaffected *** experiments have revealed that regrowth of ipsilateral descending fibers from the unaffected hemisphere to denervated motor neurons plays a significant role in the restoration of motor *** addition,several clinical treatments have been designed to restore ipsilateral motor control,including brain stimulation,nerve transfer surgery,and brain–computer interface ***,we comprehensively review the neural mechanisms as well as translational applications of ipsilateral motor control upon rehabilitation after CNS injuries.

关键词： Stroke Traumatic brain injury Spinal cord injury brain-computer interface system Neuroplasticity Ipsilateral motor control Axon regrowth

Emerging roles of spliceosome in cancer and immunity

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Protein & Cell 2022年第8期13卷 559-579页

作者： Hui Yang Bruce Beutler Duanwu Zhang Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalShanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural RegenerationMOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China center for the Genetics of Host Defense University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismMinistry of Science and TechnologyInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Precursor messenger RNA(pre-mRNA)splicing is cat-alyzed by an intricate ribonucleoprotein complex called the *** the spliceosome is consid-ered to be general cell"housekeeping"machinery,mutations in core components of the spliceosome fre-quently correlate with cell-or tissue-specific pheno-types and *** this review,we expound the links between spliceosome mutations,aberrant splicing,and human ***,spliceosome-targeted therapios(STTs)have become efficient anti-cancer strategies for cancer patients with splicing *** also highlight the links between spliceosome and immune *** studies have shown that some spliceosome gene mutations can result in immune dysregulation and notable phenotypes due to mis-splicing of immune-related ***,several core spliceosome components harbor splicing-inde-pendent immune functions within the cell,expanding the functional repertoire of these diverse proteins.

关键词： spliceosome splicing cancer innate immunity immune dysregulation

Unveiling Dynamic System Strategies for Multisensory Processing: From Neuronal Fixed-Criterion Integration to Population Bayesian Inference

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research 2023年第2期2022卷 81-100页

作者： Jiawei Zhang Yong Gu Aihua Chen Yuguo Yu State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and moe frontiers center for brain science Shanghai Artificial Intelligence LaboratoryResearch Institute of Intelligent and Complex Systems and Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired IntelligenceHuman Phenome InstituteShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology Institute of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of brain Functional Genomics(Ministry of Education) East China Normal University3663 Zhongshan Road N.Shanghai 200062China

Multisensory processing is of vital importance for survival in the external *** circuits can both integrate and separate visual and vestibular senses to infer self-motion and the motion of other ***,it is largely debated how multisensory brain regions process such multisensory information and whether they follow the Bayesian strategy in this process.

关键词： Integration Fixed Criterion

Clinical Decision on Disorders of Consciousness After Acquired brain Injury:Stepping Forward

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第1期39卷 138-162页

作者： Rui-Zhe Zheng Zeng-Xin Qi Zhe Wang Ze-Yu Xu Xue-Hai Wu Ying Mao Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200040China National center for Neurological Disorders Shanghai200040China Shanghai Key Laboratory of brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration Shanghai200040China Neurosurgical institute of Fudan University Shanghai200040China Shanghai Clinical Medical center of Neurosurgery Shanghai200040China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China

Major advances have been made over the past few decades in identifying and managing disorders of consciousness(DOC)in patients with acquired brain injury(ABI),bringing the transformation from a conceptualized definition to a complex clinical scenario worthy of scientific *** the continuously-evolving framework of precision medicine that integrates valuable behavioral assessment tools,sophisticated neuroimaging,and electrophysiological techniques,a considerably higher diagnostic accuracy rate of DOC may now be *** the treatment of patients with DOC,a variety of intervention methods are available,including amantadine and transcranial direct current stimulation,which have both provided class II evidence,zolpidem,which is also of high quality,and non-invasive stimulation,which appears to be more encouraging than pharmacological ***,heterogeneity is profoundly ingrained in study designs,and only rare schemes have been recommended by authoritative *** is still a lack of an effective clinical protocol for managing patients with DOC following *** advance future clinical studies on DOC,we present a comprehensive review of the progress in clinical identification and management as well as some challenges in the pathophysiology of *** propose a preliminary clinical decision protocol,which could serve as an ideal reference tool for many medical institutions.

关键词： Clinical decision Disorders of consciousness Acquired brain injury Identification Management