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New insights on the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural stem cell–mediated repair in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第6期20卷 1699-1700页

作者： Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Spinal Cord Research CentreRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada Manitoba Multiple Sclerosis research Center WinnipegMBCanada Children Hospital research institute of Manitoba WinnipegMBCanada

Extensive neurodegeneration is a hallmark of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) that underlies permanent sensorimotor and autonomic impairments (Alizadeh et al.,2019).Following the primary impact,the spinal cord undergoes a cascade of secondary injury mechanisms that are driven by disruption of the blood-spinal cord ba rrier,vascula r inju ry,glial reactivity,neu roinfla mmation,oxidative stress,lipid peroxidation,and glutamate excitotoxicity that culminate in neuronal and oligodendroglial cell death,demyelination,and axonal damage(Alizadeh et al.,2019).To achieve a meaningful functional recovery after SCI,regeneration of new neurons and oligodendrocytes and their successful growth and integration within the neural network are critical steps for reconstructing the damaged spinal cord tissue (Fischer et al.,2020).

关键词： peroxidation Fischer injury

Modular miniaturized synthesis and in situ biological evaluation facilitate rapid discovery of potent Mra Y inhibitors as antibacterial agents

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 29-31页

作者： Mianling Yang Meehyein Kim Peng Zhan Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong University Infectious Diseases Therapeutic research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)

Despite the availability of effective antibacterial drugs, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is primarily attributed to their excessive and inappropriate utilization. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most concerning global health and development threats [1]. Thereby, the continuous escalation in AMR necessitates urgent advancements in novel antibacterial strategies. The MraY enzyme, which plays a pivotal role in synthesizing bacterial cell wall-composing polysaccharides, holds significant potential as a target for antibacterial agents [2]. However, its conformational dynamics have presented substantial challenges in developing MraY-targeting inhibitors.

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Effect of preprocessing on performances of machine learning-based mineral composition analysis on gas hydrate sediments, Ulleung Basin, East Sea

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Petroleum Science 2025年第1期22卷 151-162页

作者： Hongkeun Jin Ju Young Park Sun Young Park Byeong-Kook Son Baehyun Min Kyungbook Lee Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences Kongju National University Tunnel & Underground Facility Division ESCO Consultant & Engineers Company Yellow Sea institute of Geoenvironmental Sciences Petroleum and Marine research Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering Ewha Womans University Center for Climate/Environment Change Prediction research Ewha Womans University

Gas hydrate(GH) is an unconventional resource estimated at 1000-120,000 trillion *** on GH is ongoing to determine its geological and flow characteristics for commercial production. After two large-scale drilling expeditions to study the GH-bearing zone in the Ulleung Basin, the mineral composition of 488 sediment samples was analyzed using X-ray diffraction(XRD). Because the analysis is costly and dependent on experts, a machine learning model was developed to predict the mineral composition using XRD intensity profiles as input data. However, the model's performance was limited because of improper preprocessing of the intensity profile. Because preprocessing was applied to each feature, the intensity trend was not preserved even though this factor is the most important when analyzing mineral composition. In this study, the profile was preprocessed for each sample using minmax scaling because relative intensity is critical for mineral analysis. For 49 test data among the 488data, the convolutional neural network(CNN) model improved the average absolute error and coefficient of determination by 41% and 46%, respectively, than those of CNN model with feature-based preprocessing. This study confirms that combining preprocessing for each sample with CNN is the most efficient approach for analyzing XRD data. The developed model can be used for the compositional analysis of sediment samples from the Ulleung Basin and the Korea Plateau. In addition, the overall procedure can be applied to any XRD data of sediments worldwide.

关键词： Sample-based preprocessing X-ray diffraction (XRD) Machine learning Mineral composition Gas hydrate (GH) Ulleung basin

Risk factors, prevention and screening of colorectal cancer: A rising problem

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第5期31卷 117-123页

作者： Vladislav V Tsukanov Alexander V Vasyutin Julia L Tonkikh Clinical Department of The Digestive System Pathology of Adults and Children Federal Research Center“Krasnoyarsk Science Center”of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesScientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the NorthKrasnoyarsk 660022Russia

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death *** leading risk factors for CRC include male gender,age over 50,family history,obesity,tobacco smoking,alco-hol consumption,and unhealthy *** screening methods vary considerably between countries and depend on incidence,economic resources and healthcare *** aspects of screening include adherence,which can vary signi-ficantly across ethnic and socioeconomic *** concepts of CRC screening include pre-stratification of patients by identifying risk factors and then using fecal immunochemical test or guaiac-based fecal occult blood test and/or colono-scopy or radiologic imaging *** capabilities for CRC scree-ning are rapidly evolving and include stool DNA test,liquid biopsy,virtual colo-nography,and the use of artificial intelligence.A CRC prevention strategy should be comprehensive and include active patient education along with targeted imple-mentation of screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Screening Prevention Risk factors Colonoscopy Fecal immunochemical test Fecal occult blood test Stool DNA test Diet Lynch syndrome

Detection of Perfect Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems Subject to Measurement Quantizations: A Watermark-Based Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 114-125页

作者： Yu-Ang Wang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Bo Shen Hongli Dong the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University the Engineering research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge the Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas research institute Northeast Petroleum University the Artificial Intelligence Energy research institute Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking and Intelligent Control Northeast Petroleum University

In this paper, the attack detection problem is investigated for a class of closed-loop systems subjected to unknownbutbounded noises in the presence of stealthy attacks. The measurement outputs from the sensors are quantized before transmission.A specific type of perfect stealthy attack, which meets certain rather stringent conditions, is taken into account. Such attacks could be injected by adversaries into both the sensor-toestimator and controller-to-actuator channels, with the aim of disrupting the normal data flow. For the purpose of defending against these perfect stealthy attacks, a novel scheme based on watermarks is developed. This scheme includes the injection of watermarks(applied to data prior to quantization) and the recovery of data(implemented before the data reaches the estimator).The watermark-based scheme is designed to be both timevarying and hidden from adversaries through incorporating a time-varying and bounded watermark signal. Subsequently, a watermark-based attack detection strategy is proposed which thoroughly considers the characteristics of perfect stealthy attacks,thereby ensuring that an alarm is activated upon the occurrence of such attacks. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism for detecting attacks.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-physical systems (CPSs) perfect stealthy attacks watermark-based strategy

Hyperosmolality tolerance of freshwater largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides to brackish in early ontogenetic stages of eggs,embryos,and yolk-sac larvae

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2025年第1期43卷 286-298页

作者： Du LUO Dingtian YANG South China Sea institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Pearl River Fisheries research institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou 510380China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Salinity is recognized as a pivotal factor limiting the migration of freshwater fish to brackish *** largemouth bass(LMB,Micropterus salmoides),a globally translocated freshwater fish,exhibits estuarine distribution,yet its hyperosmoregulatory capacity during early ontogenetic stages remains inadequately *** investigate the impact of freshwater salinization,a series of experiments were conducted in Guangzhou and Foshan,*** reveal that freshwater-activated mature eggs and naturally fertilized oocytes maintained nearly identical osmotic homeostasis,with diameters of 1.38±0.07 mm and 1.37±0.05 mm,***,both exhibited peak water excretion at a salinity of ***,a reduction in water permeability was observed in hyperosmotic *** hatching rates increased from 27.5%±14.4%in the 1.0 group to 75.1%±12.0%in the 6.0 group under fluctuating temperature ***-sac LMB larvae consistently reduced survival time from 12.5 d at 1.0 to 50.7±2.1 min at salinity of ***,more developed larvae also experienced a decrease in survival *** regression models fitting lethal time with salinity indicated a sharp decrease between 10.0 and *** findings offer practical insights for predicting distribution patterns and enhancing aquaculture technology for ***,they may contribute theoretically to the broader understanding of the osmoregulatory mechanisms of freshwater fish.

关键词： osmotic homeostasis acute toxicity median lethal time hatching rate dose-response model

Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

Resilient satellite-based PNT system design and key technologies

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 669-682页

作者： Yuanxi YANG Zheng YAO Yue MAO Tianhe XU Dixing WANG Key Laboratory of Smart Earth Xi'an research institute of Surveying and Mapping Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University School of Space Science and Technology Shandong University

Satellite-based positioning navigation and timing(PNT) system is the most fundamental and convenient application system in PNT fields now and in the future, thus the satellite-based PNT service system should be more and more robust, reliable and easy to be applied. Aiming at the weak service performance of the existing BeiDou constellation in the Antarctic and Arctic regions and the possible discontinuous problems in the autonomous orbit determination using BeiDou terminals on board of low earth orbit(LEO) satellites, we propose a scheme to optimize the BeiDou constellation configuration. A relatively optimized deep space PNT service constellation is designed in order to overcome the weak service capability of the BeiDou navigation constellation in deep space. We find that more satellites in the same orbital plane have better positioning geometry than increasing the number of constellation orbital planes. Furthermore, the idea of resilient satellite-based PNT service mode combining deep, high, medium, and low earth orbit navigation constellations is proposed, in order to improve the service capability of multi navigation constellations. To strengthen the satellite PNT service ability, the resilient strategies of on-board phased array antenna, on-board atomic clocks and satellite signal generator are proposed, in which the adaptively possible adjustment of signal power, signal frequency, signal modulation waveform and information format are discussed. Some examples to demonstrate the resilient satellite-based PNT application modes are given.

关键词： BeiDou navigation constellation Resilient navigation constellation Resilient PNT service Resilient signal modulation Adaptive signal power

Atomically Precise Cu Nanoclusters:Recent Advances,Challenges,and Perspectives in Synthesis and Catalytic Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 130-165页

作者： Mengyao Chen Chengyu Guo Lubing Qin Lei Wang Liang Qiao Kebin Chi Zhenghua Tang New Energy research institute School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou Higher Education Mega CentreGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China Petrochemical research institute PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing 102206People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry(Heilongjiang University) Ministry of EducationHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters are an emerging type of nanomaterial which has diverse interfacial metal-ligand coordination motifs that can significantly affect their physicochemical properties and *** that,Cu nanoclusters have been gaining continuous increasing research attentions,thanks to the low cost,diversified structures,and superior catalytic performance for various *** this review,we first summarize the recent progress regarding the synthetic methods of atomically precise Cu nanoclusters and the coordination modes between Cu and several typical ligands and then discuss the catalytic applications of these Cu nanoclusters with some explicit examples to explain the atomical-level structure-performance ***,the current challenges and future research perspectives with some critical thoughts are *** hope this review can not only provide a whole picture of the current advances regarding the synthesis and catalytic applications of atomically precise Cu nanoclusters,but also points out some future research visions in this rapidly booming field.

关键词： Atomically precise Cu nanoclusters Controllable synthesis Catalytic applications Structure-performance relationship Challenges and perspectives