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The Existence and Significance of Two Kinds of Effective Reservoirs in Deep Water Area of the Western Qaidam Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第5期94卷 1726-1727页

作者： SHI Yajun XU Li HUANG Chenggang WANG Liqun MA Xinming research institute of Petroleum exploration&development-Northwest PetroChinaLanzhou 730020China petrochina Qinghai oilfield company DunhuangGansu 736200China

Objective Deep-water deposit has become one of the greatest potential and economic areas for petroleum *** the western Qaidam Basin,the deep-water sedimentary area account for nearly 2/3 of the basin area,but the related reports is *** generally believed that the salt water medium can inhibit the extension of the sand(Qian et al.,1984).

关键词： sedimentary Basin Qaidam

An analysis of major scientific problems and research paths of Gulong shale oil in Daqing oilfield, NE China

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Petroleum exploration and development 2021年第3期48卷 527-540页

作者： SUN Longde LIU He HE Wenyuan LI Guoxin ZHANG Shuichang ZHU Rukai JIN Xu MENG Siwei JIANG Hang petrochina Daqing oilfield Co.Ltd. Daqing 163002China petrochina research institute of Petroleum exploration&development Beijing 100083China petrochina exploration&Production company Beijing 100724China

After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong shale oil in terms of reservoir space, phase distribution, flow pattern, and mineral evolution are proposed. The main results are as follows :(1) The source of organic matter, mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and key factors affecting shale oil abundance;(2) The types and structural characteristics of the reservoir and their contribution to porosity and permeability;(3) The mineral origin and evolution of minerals and their influence on reservoir availability, sensitivity, and compressibility;(4) The rock mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation law of Gulong shale;(5) The shale oil products, phase change law and main control factors of adsorption and desorption conversion of Gulong shale oil;(6) The mechanism of shale oil-liquid, solid-liquid gas interaction and enhanced oil recovery. Three key research suggestions are proposed to realize the large-scale economic utilization of the Gulong shale oil as follows:(1) Deepen research on the mechanism of oil and gas generation and discharge, storage and transportation, to guide the selection of geological sweet spots of shale oil;(2) Deepen research on the compressibility and fracture initiation mechanism to support the selection of engineering sweet spots and optimization of engineering design;(3) Deepen research on the fluid interaction mechanism under reservoir conditions, os us to guide the optimization of development schemes and the selection of EOR technologies. A successful development of Gulong shale oil requires global experts and scholars to contribute multidisciplinary innovative ideas and technical ideas to solve production problems.

关键词： Songliao Basin Gulong Sag continental shale oil resource endowment reservoir characteristics scientific problem research direction

Progress and development directions of stimulation techniques for ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs

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Petroleum exploration and development 2021年第1期48卷 221-231页

作者： LEI Qun XU Yun YANG Zhanwei CAI Bo WANG Xin ZHOU Lang LIU Huifeng XU Minjie WANG Liwei Li Shuai petrochina research institute of Petroleum exploration&development Beijing 100083China petrochina Southwest Oil&Gasfield company Chengdu 610051China petrochina Tarim oilfield company Korla 841000China

By reviewing the development history of stimulation techniques for deep/ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs,the new progress in this field in China and abroad has been summed up,including deeper understanding on formation mechanisms of fracture network in deep/ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir,performance improvement of fracturing fluid materials,fine stratification of ultra-deep vertical wells,and mature staged multi-cluster fracturing technique for ultra-deep and highly deviated wells/horizontal *** light of the exploration and development trend of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs in China,the requirements and technical difficulties in ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir stimulation are discussed:(1)The research and application of integrated geological engineering technology is difficult.(2)The requirements on fracturing materials for stimulation are high.(3)It is difficult to further improve the production in vertical profile of the ultra-deep and hugely thick reservoirs.(4)The requirements on tools and supporting high-pressure equipment on the ground for stimulation are high.(5)It is difficult to achieve efficient stimulation of ultra-deep,high-temperature and high-pressure wells.(6)It is difficult to monitor directly the reservoir stimulation and evaluate the stimulation effect accurately after *** line with the complex geological characteristics of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs in China,seven technical development directions are proposed:(1)To establish systematic new techniques for basic research and evaluation experiments;(2)to strengthen geological research and improve the operational mechanism of integrating geological research and engineering operation;(3)to develop high-efficiency fracturing materials for ultra-deep reservoirs;(4)to research separated layer fracturing technology for ultra-deep and hugely thick reservoirs;(5)to explore fracture-control stimulation technology for ultra-deep horizontal well;(6)to develop direct monitoring tec

关键词： ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir high temperature and high pressure reservoir stimulation technical status technical difficulties development direction

Genesis and microscopic characteristics of tight reservoirs in the Fengcheng Formation, at the southern margin of the Mahu Sag

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 127-138页

作者： Luning Bai Wenbiao Huang Jun Qin Zongbin Zhang Zhongchen Ba Zhenhua Bai Yibing Guo Heng Li School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China research institute of exploration and development PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramayXinjiang834000China research institute of exploration and development PetroChina Daqing Oilfield CompanyDaqingHeilongjiang163712China

The tight reservoirs of the Fengcheng Formation at the southern margin of the Mahu Sag have strong heterogeneity due to the diversity in their pore types, sizes, and structures. The microscopic characteristics of tight reservoirs and the mechanisms that generate them are of significance in identifying the distribution of high-quality reservoirs and in improving the prediction accuracy of sweet spots in tight oil reservoirs. In this paper, high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were carried out on samples from the tight reservoirs in the study area. These experimental results were combined with cluster analysis, fractal theory, and microscopic observations to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate pore types, sizes, and structures. A classification scheme was established that divides the reservoir into four types, based on the microstructure characteristics of samples, and the genetic mechanisms that aided the development of reservoir microstructure were analyzed. The results show that the lower limit for the tight reservoir in the Fengcheng Formation is Φ of 3.5% and K of 0.03 mD. The pore throat size and distribution span gradually decrease from Type I, through Type II and Type III reservoirs to non-reservoirs, and the pore type also evolves from dominantly intergranular pores to intercrystalline pores. The structural trend shows a decrease in the ball-stick pore-throat system and an increase in the branch-like pore-throat system. The dual effects of sedimentation and diagenesis shape the microscopic characteristics of pores and throats. The sorting, roundness, and particle size of the original sediments determine the original physical properties of the reservoir. The diagenetic environment of ‘two alkalinity stages and one acidity stage’ influenced the evolution of pore type and size. Although the cementation of authigenic minerals in the early alkaline environment adversely affected reservoir properties, it also

关键词： Tight reservoir Pore-thr 0at structure Reservoir classification Diagenesis Fengcheng Formation Mahu Sag

Characteristics and impacts on favorable reservoirs of carbonate ramp microfacies: A case study of the Middle-Lower Ordovician in Gucheng area,Tarim Basin,NW China

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Petroleum exploration and development 2022年第1期49卷 107-120页

作者： LIU Yini HU Mingyi ZHANG San ZHANG Junlong GAO Da XIAO Chuantao School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China exploration and development research institute PetroChina Daqing Oilfield CompanyDaqing 163712China

Based on the latest drilling core, thin section, 3D seismic, well logging data as well as exploration results, the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary microfacies of the Middle-Lower Ordovician carbonates in Gucheng area, and their controlling effects on the development of reservoir were examined by the theories and methods of fine carbonate *** results show that the Middle-Lower Ordovician in Gucheng area is a set of typical carbonate ramp deposits, which can be divided into 10 microfacies in 4 subfacies as follows: back ramp, inner shallow ramp, outer shallow ramp, and deep ramp. The back ramp subfacies consists of muddy-dolomitic flat and dolomitic lagoon microfacies;it is dominated by lamellar micrite dolomite tight in lithology. The inner shallow ramp subfacies includes dolomitic shoal and dolomitic flat in shoal top and dolomitic flat between shoals microfacies;it is mainly composed of crystal dolomite with metasomatic residual structure, as well as abundant karst vugs and intercrystalline pores. The crystal dolomite has an average porosity of 4.36%. The outer ramp subfacies includes medium-high and low energy grain shoal and inter-shoal microfacies;it is dominated by sandy limestone,oolitic limestone, and micrite limestone with few pores. The deep ramp subfacies is dominated by low-energy argillaceous deposits, with local presences of storm shoal microfacies. The Lower-Middle Ordovician has six third-order sequences from bottom to top, among which sequence(SQ3) represents the third member of Yingying Formation. The main reservoir has three fourth-order high-frequency sequences. Apparently, the favorable reservoir in the study area is jointly controlled by sedimentary microfacies and high frequency sequence in the carbonate ramp. The former controls the primary pore structure, and the latter controls the intensities of karstification exposure and dolomitization in the penecontemporaneous period. The dolomitic shoals and top dolomitic flats of d

关键词： carbonate ramp microfacies type high frequency sequence Ordovician dolomite reservoir Tarim Basin Gucheng area

Structural characteristics of the basement and the prospective of favorable oil and gas blocks in the Tacheng basin

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Earthquake Science 2012年第5期25卷 527-534页

作者： Guoqing Zhang Junmeng Zhao Hua Bai Ming Wan Xiaoyang Guo research institute of exploration and development Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyPetroChina institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Tacheng basin has been identified as a Carboniferous basement with a central uplift, sur- rounded by orogenic belts. This identification was based on the comprehensive analysis of field outcrops, regional magnetic and gravimetric data, skeleton seismic profiles, magnetotelluric profiles and drilling data. Here, we present gravimetric and magnetic data analyses of the basement structures of the Tacheng basin and its base formation. We also provide a magnetotelluric profile analysis of the structural features and tectonic framework of basin-mountain patterns. We use local geology, drilling data, and other comprehensive information to document the tectonic framework of the basement of the basin. Small-scale nappe structures are found in the northern basin, whereas stronger and more pronounced thrusting structures are found to the south and east of the basin. The basin is divided into four first-order tectonic units： a central uplift, a northern depression, a southeastern depression and a western depression. In addition, the Emin sag is suggested as a possible reservoir for oil and gas.

关键词： northern Xinjiang Tacheng basin basement structure basin and mountain relation-ship tectonic unit division favorable area

Oil and gas resource potential of the lower members of E_(h3) in the lower Tertiary of the Biyang Depression, China

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Petroleum Science 2012年第1期9卷 18-24页

作者： Gang Wenzhe Wang Qingyu Luo Jiaqun College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China exploration&development research institute Daqing Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaHeilongjiang 163712China research institute of Petroleum exploration and development Henan Oilfield CompanyS1NOPECHenan 473132China

The lower Tertiary Eh3 is divided into two sections： the upper members of Eh3 and the lower members of Eh3 in the Biyang Depression. The first section is generally regarded as a key target of oil and gas exploration, but the resource potential of the lower members of Eh3 has been neglected. We have obtained new knowledge about Eh3 from comprehensive geological research. The lower members of Eh3 are high-quality and main source rocks, which have good oil and gas resource potential. This is a new direction for oil and gas exploration. The geochemistry characteristics of source rocks of the lower members of Eh3 in the lower Tertiary of the Biyang Depression were analyzed in detail. A basin modeling method was applied to hydrocarbon generation of the lower and upper members of Eh3 source rocks, the oil and gas resource potential was comparatively analyzed, and then favorable tectonic zones were pointed out. In the lower members of Eh3, a set of semi-deep lake to deep lake high-quality source rocks occurs rich in algae organisms, mainly of type II1, with a high abundance of organic matter. Most of the source rocks are just in the peak stage of hydrocarbon generation, which is a favorable foundation for forming abundant oil and gas resources in the Biyang Depression. The comparative analysis of the hydrocarbon- generation quantities between lower and upper members of the Eh3 source rocks shows that the lower members of Eh3 have good oil and gas resource potential, and the hydrocarbon-generation quantity accounts for 51% of the total in Eh3. Specifically, the oil-generating quantity accounts for 50% of the total and the gas-generating quantity accounts for two thirds of the total. Therefore, source rocks in the lower members of Eh3 of the Biyang Depression have good oil and gas resource potential, which is a key factor for future deep oil and gas exploration.

关键词： Geochemistry source rocks hydrocarbon-generation potential Biyang Depression

Formation of overpressure system and its relationship with the distribution of large gas fields in typical foreland basins in central and western China

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Petroleum exploration and development 2021年第3期48卷 625-640页

作者： LI Wei CHEN Zhuxin HUANG Pinghui YU Zhichao MIN Lei LU Xuesong petrochina research institute of Petroleum exploration&development Beijing 100083China petrochina Southwest Oil&Gas Field company Chengdu 610051China petrochina Tarim oilfield company Korla 841000China

Based on the data of measured formation pressure, drilling fluid density of key exploration wells and calculated pressure by well logging, combined with the analysis of natural gas geological conditions, the characteristics and formation mechanisms of formation fluid overpressure systems in different foreland basins and the relationship between overpressure systems and large-scale gas accumulation are discussed.(1) The formation mechanisms of formation overpressure in different foreland basins are different. The formation mechanism of overpressure in the Kuqa foreland basin is mainly the overpressure sealing of plastic salt gypsum layer and hydrocarbon generation pressurization in deep–ultra-deep layers, that in the southern Junggar foreland basin is mainly hydrocarbon generation pressurization and under-compaction sealing, and that in the western Sichuan foreland basin is mainly hydrocarbon generation pressurization and paleo-fluid overpressure residual.(2) There are three common characteristics in foreland basins, i.e. superimposed development of multi-type overpressure and multi-layer overpressure, strong–extremely strong overpressure developed in a closed foreland thrust belt, and strong–extremely strong overpressure developed in a deep foreland uplift area.(3) There are four regional overpressure sealing and storage mechanisms, which play an important role in controlling large gas fields, such as the overpressure of plastic salt gypsum layer, the overpressure formed by hydrocarbon generation pressurization, the residual overpressure after Himalayan uplift and denudation, and the under-compaction overpressure.(4) Regional overpressure is an important guarantee for forming large gas fields, the sufficient gas source, large-scale reservoir and trap development in overpressure system are the basic conditions for forming large gas fields, and the overpressure system is conducive to forming deep to ultra-deep large gas fields.

关键词： central and western China foreland basin overpressure system large gas field hydrocarbon generation pressurization under-compaction salt gypsum layer overpressure sealing overpressure residual

Control of paleogeographic pattern on sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system:A case study of the sixth sub-member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation M5 Member in central-eastern Ordos Basin,NW China

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Petroleum exploration and development 2022年第4期49卷 837-850页

作者： ZHONG Shoukang TAN Xiucheng HU Guang NIE Wancai YANG Mengying ZHANG Daofeng ZHENG Jianfeng XU Jie DONG Guodong XIAO Di LU Zixing State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu 610500China Southwest Petroleum University Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCChengdu 610500China Natural Gas Project Department Changqing Oilfield Company of PetroChinaXi'an 710016China research institute of exploration and development Changqing Oilfield Company of PetroChinaXi'an 710016China petrochina Hangzhou research Insitute of Geology Hangzhou 310023China

The relationship between paleogeographic pattern and sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system is examined based on logging,core and thin section data,by taking the sixth sub-member of fifth member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation(M56)in the central-eastern Ordos Basin as an example.(1)Seven sub-geomorphic units(Taolimiao west low,Taolimiao underwater high,Taolimiao east low,Hengshan high,East salt low,North slope and Southwest slope)developed in the study area.(2)The“three lows”from west to east developed dolomitic restricted lagoon,evaporite evaporative lagoon and salt evaporative lagoon sedimentary facies respectively,the"two highs"developed high-energy grain beach and microbial mound,and the north and south slopes developed dolomitic flats around land.(3)The paleogeographic pattern caused natural differentiation of replenishment seawater from the northwest Qilian sea,leading to the eccentric sedimentary differentiation of dolomite,evaporite and salt rock symbiotic system from west to east,which is different from the classic“bull's eye”and“tear drop”distribution patterns.(4)As the Middle Qilian block subducted and collided into the North China Plate,the far-end compression stress transferred,giving rise to the alternate highland and lowland in near north to south direction during the sedimentary period of M56 sub-member.(5)Taolimiao underwater high and Hengshan high developed favorable zones of microbial mounds and grain shoals in south to north strike in M56 sub-member,making them favorable exploration areas with great exploration potential in the future.

关键词： paleogeographic pattern sedimentary differentiation evaporite and carbonate rock favorable reservoir facies zone Ordovician Majiagou Formation Ordos Basin