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Downwash airflow distribution pattern of hexa-copter unmanned aerial vehicles

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第4期17卷 24-34页

作者： Dengeru Yallappa Ramasamy Kavitha Allimuthu Surendrakumar Kannan Balaji Balakrishnan Suthakar Ayyasamy Paramasivam Mohan Kumar Yathendranaik Ravi Narayananaik Ashoka Kumar Kavan Department of farm Machinery and Power Engineering Agricultural Engineering College and Research InstituteTamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore

In recent times,the use of vertical take-off and landing(VTOL)multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAVs)for spraying chemical pesticides against weeds and pests has recently become *** current aerial spray application research is primarily focused on examining the influence of UAV spraying parameters such as flight height,travel speed,rotor configuration,droplet size,payload and wind *** downwash airflow velocity generated by the UAV rotor propeller has a significant impact on the droplet deposition process.A test rig was developed to measure the downwash airflow pattern generated by the rotor propeller of a *** this investigation,a six-rotor electric autonomous UAV sprayer was used to investigate the parameters and distribution laws of downwash airflow *** downwash airflow velocity was measured using portable anemometers mounted on the test rig at radial positions viz.,0 m,0.5 m,1 m,1.5 m and 2 m,perpendicular to(X)and parallel to the UAV’s flight direction(Y).The experiment was conducted at three levels of hover height,viz.,1 m,2 m and 3 m(Z)and three levels of payload,viz.,0 kg,5 kg,and 10 *** special downwash airflow distribution pattern was analysed using the Python programming language(Version 3.7).Results show that the downwash airflow velocity generated by the radial position of the UAV rotor is evenly distributed on the rotating loop and the standard deviation of the downwash airflow velocity is less than 0.5 m/*** maximum downwash airflow velocity of 13.8 m/s was observed below the rotor at 10 kg payload capacity,1 m hover height(Z),and 0.5 m in the *** minimum downwash wind field of 0.3 m/s was observed at 0 kg pay load capacity,1 m height,and 2 m in the *** downwash airflow velocity along each position in the radial direction of the rotor increases initially and then *** downwash airflow distribution results helps in mounting of spray nozzle configuration to drone sprayer which helps to

关键词： downwash air payload rotor propeller flight height distribution analysis flight direction

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Discrimination of pharmacodynamic components and volatile compounds of Poria cocos cultivated with five different materials based on GC-IMS analysis

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Food Quality and Safety 2024年第1期8卷 135-144页

作者： Yinan Wang Fei Zhou Hui Wang Jinping Zhang Hongxia Xu research institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryHangzhouChina Chun‘an County Thousand-island Lake Forest farm HangzhouChina

Objectives:The chemical constituents of Poria cocos grown with different substrates vary significantly;thus,identifying and comparing their biomarkers are *** and Methods:Herein,the chemical constituents of Poria cocos obtained with five different substrates were assessed using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS),high-performance liquid chromatography and multivariate statistical ***:The content of moisture,ash,alcohol-soluble matter,and heavy metals,except for those of the miscellaneous wood Poria cocos,conform to the specifications defined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Edition 2020),and the polysaccharide contents are all greater than 57%.Conclusions:Based on GC-IMS and the established fingerprints,87 compounds were detected,70 of which were identified in each *** statistical analysis revealed seven compounds(two esters,three alcohols,and two aldehydes),which could be considered as potential marker compounds for discrimination.

关键词： Poria cocos cultivation material pharmacodynamic component gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS) volatile compound.

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Resurvey After 20 Years:Updating the Distribution,Population,and Potential Threats of the Chinting Alpine Toad

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Asian Herpetological research 2024年第2期15卷 73-81页

作者： Yuezheng FAN Qingfeng CHEN Yuwen CHENG Kaicheng TANG Ling SUN Yonghao HUANG Lan ZHAO Dong LIANG Xiaoyi WANG Junhua HU Chengdu institute of biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The State-owned Forest farm of Hongya County Meishan 620360SichuanChina Sichuan Mt.Emei Forest Ecosystem National Observation and research Station Leshan 614201SichuanChina

Considering the increased anthropogenic impacts,species with a limited range and low detectability often lack fundamental information and conservation actions,placing them at a high risk of *** Chinting alpine toad Scutiger chintingensis is a rare mountain amphibian endemic to the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in *** its whole distribution range,only three known populations(Wolong,Emei,and Wawu)exist and no recent population status report has been documented for this species over the past two *** 2020 to 2023,we investigated the species distribution,and assessed the risk factors for the main *** recorded this species in all distribution areas,and updated a new distribution site with a lower elevation *** relative population density was 0.024±0.012 ind./m^(2)on Mount Emei,whereas only 0.008±0.017 ind./m^(2)on Mount *** significant difference was observed in the number of individuals between the two populations;however,the relative population density was significantly *** and waste discharge resulting from the construction of scenic areas,as well as disturbances from tourism,were the primary anthropogenic factors that influenced the survival of this *** results provide the updated information on the distribution and population status of the Chinting alpine toad,and suggest that unrecorded populations,as well as a wider elevation range,may exist for this *** findings emphasise the importance of timely updates of species distribution and population information and offer a basis for the future conservation of endangered amphibians.

关键词： distribution endemic amphibian population size Scutiger chintingensis threat factor

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WPA1 encodes a vWA domain protein that regulates wheat plant architecture

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 992-1000页

作者： Yongxing Chen Huixin Xiao Yuange Wang Wenling Li Lingchuan Li Lingli Dong Xuebo Zhao Miaomiao Li Ping Lu Huaizhi Zhang Guanghao Guo Keyu Zhu Beibei Li Lei Dong Peng Chen Shuming Wu Yunbo Jiang Fei Lu Chengguo Yuan Zhiyong Liu Yusheng Zhao Qiuhong Wu institute of Biotechnology Xianghu LaboratoryHangzhou 311231ZhejiangChina institute of Genetics and Developmental biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Hebei Gaoyi Stock Seeds farm Gaoyi 051330HebeiChina

Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperaturedependent pleiotropic developmental anomalies,was *** WPA1 gene,encoding a von Willebrand factor type A(vWA)domain protein,was located on chromosome arm 7DS and isolated by map-based *** functionality of WPA1 was validated by multiple independent EMS-induced mutants and gene *** analysis revealed that WPA1 is monocotyledon-specific in higher *** identification of WPA1 provides opportunity to study the temperature regulated wheat development and grain yield.

关键词： Wheat plant architecture Map-based cloning vWA Environmental temperature

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura M.Jensen Raluca G.Mateescu Peter J.Hansen Department of Animal Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied Systems biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, more than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consumed by the female that produced the calf. Development of genomic tools to identify females with high genetic merit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genome-wide association studies(GWAS) were performed using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcome traits from a population of Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers. Furthermore, a validation GWAS was performed using data from another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of timed artificial insemination(AI) followed by natural mating for 3 months. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcome to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estimated as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI model, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 Mb on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS model, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonymous with the QTL for PAI, with minor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers bred by natural mating. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In summary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcomes in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirmation of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

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Improve meat production and virus resistance by simultaneously editing multiple genes in livestock using Cas12i^(Max)

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 555-564页

作者： Jilong Ren Tang Hai Yangcan Chen Ke Sun Zhiqiang Han Jing Wang Chongyang Li Qingwei Wang Leyun Wang Huabing Zhu Dawei Yu Wei Li Shanjiang Zhao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratoryf Stem Cell and Reproductive biology Instituteof ZooogyChinese Academyof SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China Beijing farm Animal research Center Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated gene(Cas) system is continually optimized to achieve the most efficient gene editing effect. The Cas12i^(Max), a Cas12i variant, exhibits powerful DNA editing activity and enriches the gene editing toolbox. However, the application of Cas12i^(Max)in large domestic animals has not yet been reported. To verify the efficiency and feasibility of multiple gene editing in large animals, we generated porcine fibroblasts with simultaneous knockouts of IGF2, ANPEP, CD163,and MSTN via Cas12i^(Max)in one step. Phenotypically stable pigs were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. They exhibited improved growth performance and muscle quality. Furthermore, we simultaneously edited three genes in bovine fibroblasts. A knockout of MSTN and PRNP was created and the amino acid Q-G in CD18 was precisely substituted. Meanwhile, no off-target phenomenon was observed by sum-type analysis or off-target detection. These results verified the effectiveness of Cas12i^(Max)for gene editing in livestock animals and demonstrated the potential application of Cas12i^(Max)in the field of animal trait improvement for agricultural production.

关键词： Cas12i^(Max) gene editing livestock multiple trait improvement

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Multi-omics:Powerful accelerator for uncovering plant specialized metabolic pathways:The case of leonurine

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 13-15页

作者： Priyanka Gupta Anuj Sharma Dinesh A.Nagegowda Molecular Plant biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsResearch CentreBengaluru 560065India Academy of Scientific and Innovative research Ghaziabad 201002India

As sessile organisms,plants employ a unique adaptive strategy to survive harsh terrestrial environments and defend against or interact with coevolving animals and *** strategy involves expanding their metabolic systems,resulting in the production of plant specialized metabolites(PSMs)or natural ***,PSMs constitute a highly diverse group of compounds based on their common core structure,comprising terpenoids,phenylpropanoids,benzenoids,alkaloids and nitrogen-containing compounds,glucosinolates,indoles and sulfur-containing indole compounds,phenolics,and fatty acid derivatives(Garagounis et al.,2021).

关键词： expanding alkaloids sulfur

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Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models

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Zoological research 2024年第4期45卷 747-766页

作者： Hong-Yi Zheng Tian-Zhang Song Yong-Tang Zheng State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution&Animal Models KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates National Research Facility for Phenotypic&Genetic Analysis of Model Animals(Primate Facility)Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650107China

The distribution of the immune system throughout the body complicates in vitro assessments of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)immunobiology,often resulting in a lack of reproducibility when extrapolated to the whole ***,developing animal models is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the pathology and immunology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** review summarizes current progress related to COVID-19 animal models,including non-human primates(NHPs),mice,and hamsters,with a focus on their roles in exploring the mechanisms of immunopathology,immune protection,and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection,as well as their application in immunoprevention and immunotherapy of SARS-CoV-2 *** among these animal models and their specific applications are also highlighted,as no single model can fully encapsulate all aspects of *** effectively address the challenges posed by COVID-19,it is essential to select appropriate animal models that can accurately replicate both fatal and non-fatal infections with varying courses and *** animal model libraries and associated research tools is key to resolving the global COVID-19 pandemic,serving as a robust resource for future emerging infectious diseases.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Animal models Infection immunology Immunotherapy

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MiR-106a targets ATG7 to inhibit autophagy and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第4期7卷 408-418页

作者： Guofeng Bai Jinghao Yang Weili Liao Xiaofeng Zhou Yingting He Nian Li Liuhong Zhang Yifei Wang Xiaoli Dong Hao Zhang Jinchun Pan Liangxue Lai Xiaolong Yuan Xilong Wang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory animals Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouChina Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine IndustryState Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustryGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular BreedingCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Huidong County Animal Quarantine and Inspection institute HuizhouGuangdongChina Department of Cardiology Hainan General HospitalHainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHainan Clinical Medicine Research InstitutionHaikouPeople's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Regenerative biology Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina

Background:Myocardial infarction(MI)is an acute condition in which the heart mus-cle dies due to the lack of blood *** research has suggested that au-tophagy and angiogenesis play vital roles in the prevention of heart failure after MI,and miR-106a is considered to be an important regulatory factor in *** the specific mechanism remains *** this study,using cultured venous endothelial cells and a rat model of MI,we aimed to identify the potential target genes of miR-106a and discover the mechanisms of inhibiting autophagy and ***:We first explored the biological functions of miR-106a on autophagy and angiogenesis on endothelial *** we identified ATG7,which was the down-stream target gene of *** expression of miR-106a and ATG7 was investi-gated in the rat model of ***:We found that miR-106a inhibits the proliferation,cell cycle,autophagy and angiogenesis,but promoted the apoptosis of vein endothelial ***,ATG7 was identified as the target of miR-106a,and ATG7 rescued the inhibition of autophagy and angiogenesis by *** expression of miR-106a in the rat model of MI was decreased but the expression of ATG7 was increased in the infarction ***:Our results indicate that miR-106a may inhibit autophagy and angiogenesis by targeting *** mechanism may be a potential therapeutic treatment for MI.

关键词： angiogenesis ATG7 autophagy miR-106a miRNAs myocardial infarction

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Obituary:*** Zhang(1963-2023)-A scientist focused on toxins and their underlying mechanisms to decipher human diseases

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Zoological research 2024年第1期45卷 230-232页

作者： Wenhui Lee Ren Lai the Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of SciencesKIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesNational Resource Centre for Non-Human PrimatesKunming Primate Research CentreNational Research Facility for Phenotypic&Genetic Analysis of Model Animals(Primate Facility)Sino-African Joint Research CentreNew Cornerstone Science InstituteKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650107China

*** Zhang was born on 9 July 1963 in Kunming,Yunnan,China,during a tumultuous period which he often *** his life,he harbored a steadfast belief in using knowledge to unravel the mysteries of human *** educational journey was marked by frequent changes in schools due to his parents’occupational ***,despite these challenges,he consistently displayed diligence and was admitted to the East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,after completing high school in *** remained an active and loyal member of the School of Biotechnology at the university.

关键词： admitted harbor mechanisms

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