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Multiscale spatiotemporal meteorological drought prediction:A deep learning approach

Advances in Climate Change research 2024年第2期15卷 211-221页

作者： Jia-Li ZHANG Xiao-Meng HUANG Yu-Ze SUN Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModellingInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Reliable monitoring and thorough spatiotemporal prediction of meteorological drought are crucial for early warning and decision-making regarding drought-related disasters.The utilisation of multiscale methods is effective for a comprehensive evaluation of drought occurrence and progression,given the complex nature of meteorological drought.Nevertheless,the nonlinear spatiotemporal features of meteorological droughts,influenced by various climatological,physical and environmental factors,pose significant challenges to integrated prediction that considers multiple indicators and time scales.To address these constraints,we introduce an innovative deep learning framework based on the shifted window transformer,designed for executing spatiotemporal prediction of meteorological drought across multiple scales.We formulate four prediction indicators using the standardized precipitation index and the standard precipitation evaporation index as core methods for drought definition using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset.These indicators span time scales of approximately 30 d and one season.Short-term indicators capture more anomalous variations,whereas long-term indicators attain comparatively higher accuracy in predicting future trends.We focus on the East Asian region,notable for its diverse climate conditions and intricate terrains,to validate the model's efficacy in addressing the complexities of nonlinear spatiotemporal prediction.The model's performance is evaluated from diverse spatiotemporal viewpoints,and practical application values are analysed by representative drought events.Experimental results substantiate the effectiveness of our proposed model in providing accurate multiscale predictions and capturing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of drought.Each of the four drought indicators accurately delineates specific facets of the meteorological drought trend.Moreover,three representative drought events,namely flash drought,sustained drought and severe drought,underscore the significance of selecting appropr

关键词： Meteorological drought Spatiotemporal prediction Multiscale Swim transformer Deep learning

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Critical approaches in the catalytic transformation of sugar isomerization and epimerization after Fischer-History,challenges,and prospects

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第3期9卷 435-453页

作者： Da-Ming Gao Xun Zhang Haichao Liu Hidemi Fujino Tingzhou Lei Fuan Sun Jie Zhu Taoli Huhe National-local Joint Engineering research Center of Biomass Refine and High-Quality Utilization Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China institute of Urban and Rural Mining research Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green Safe&High Value UtilizationChangzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobe654-0142Japan

The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of drugs.Nowadays,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose isomerase.Some low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and HFCS.However,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare sugars.Considering the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial products.In this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.

关键词： Rare sugars Isomerization Ketonization Epimerization Catalytic transformation

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Conservation genomics provides insights into genetic resilience and adaptation of the endangered Chinese hazelnut, Corylus chinensis

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 294-308页

作者： Zhen Yang Lisong Liang Weibo Xiang Lujun Wang Qinghua Ma Zhaoshan Wang Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China National Engineering research Center of Eco-Environment Protection for Yangtze River Economic Belt China Three Gorges CorporationBeijing 100083China Rare Plants research institute of Yangtze River China Three Gorges CorporationYichang 443133China research institute of Economic Forest Cultivation and Processing Anhui Academy of ForestryHefei 230031China

global climate change has increased concerns regarding biodiversity loss.However,many key conservation issues still required further research,including demographic history,deleterious mutation load,adaptive evolution,and putative introgression.Here we generated the first chromosome-level genome of the endangered Chinese hazelnut,Corylus chinensis,and compared the genomic signatures with its sympatric widespread C.kwechowensis-C yunnanensis complex.We found large genome rearrangements across all Corylus species and identified species-specific expanded gene families that may be involved in adaptation.Population genomics revealed that both C.chinensis and the C.kwechowensis-C.yunnanensis complex had diverged into two genetic lineages,forming a consistent pattern of southwestern-northern differentiation.Population size of the narrow southwestern lineages of both species have decreased continuously since the late Miocene,whereas the widespread northern lineages have remained stable(C.chinensis) or have even recovered from population bottlenecks(C.kwechowensis-C.yunnanensis complex) during the Quaternary.Compared with C.kwechowensis-C. yunnanensis complex,C.chinensis showed significantly lower genomic diversity and higher inbreeding level.However,C.chinensis carried significantly fewer deleterious mutations than C.kwechowensis-C. yunnanensis complex,as more effective purging selection reduced the accumulation of homozygous variants.We also detected signals of positive selection and adaptive introgression in different lineages,which facilitated the accumulation of favorable variants and formation of local adaptation.Hence,both types of selection and exogenous introgression could have mitigated inbreeding and facilitated survival and persistence of C.chinensis.Overall,our study provides critical insights into lineage differentiation,local adaptation,and the potential for future recovery of endangered trees.

关键词： Conservation genomics Demographic history Inbreeding Genetic load Runs of homozygosity Local adaptation

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Temporal and spatial evolution of global major grain trade patterns

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1075-1086页

作者： Ziqi Yin Jiaxuan Hu Jing Zhang Xiangyang Zhou Lingling Li Jianzhai Wu Agricultural Information institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China Beijing 100038China Zibo Agricultural Science research institute Zibo 255000China Zibo institute for Digital Agriculture and Rural research Zibo 255000China

The complex and volatile international landscape has significantly impacted global grain supply security. This study uses a complex network analysis model to examine the evolution and trends of the global major grain trade from 1990 to 2020, focusing on network topology, centrality ranking, and community structure. There are three major findings. First, the global major grain trade network has expanded in scale, with a growing emphasis on diversification and balance. During the study period, the United States, Canada, China, and Brazil were the core nodes of the network. Grain-exporting countries were mainly situated in Asia, the Americas, and Europe, and importing countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Second, a significant increase in the number of high centrality countries with high export capacity occurred, benefiting from natural advantages such as fertile land and favorable climates. Third, the main global grain trade network is divided into four communities, with the Americas-Europe community being the largest and most widespread. The formation of the community pattern was influenced by geographic proximity, driven by the core exporting countries. Therefore, the world needs to enhance the existing trade model, promote the multi-polarization of the grain trade network, and establish a global vision for the future community. Countries and regions should participate actively in global grain trade security governance and institutional reform, expand trade links with other countries, and optimize import and export policies to reduce trade risks.

关键词： grain trade pattern evolution complex network

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Evidence-based universal health coverage interventions delivery in infectious disease of poverty elimination and eradication

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 90-90页

作者： Ernest Tambo Chidiebere E.Ugwu Amberbir Alemayehu Anil Krishna Agnes Binagwaho Center for Leadership in global Health Equity University of Global HealthEquityKigaliRwanda Africa Disease Intelligence Preparedness and Response(ADIPR)YaoundeCameroon Higher institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineBangangteCameroon institute for global Health Equity research University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda Department of Human Biochemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewiAnambraNigeria

The recent 78th United Nations General Assembly(UNGA)declaration relaunched a new health priority and political commitment in accelerating Universal Health Coverage(UHC),adopted by the United Nations(UN)in 2015 and are intended to be met by 2030.At mid-way point of UHC implementation,we advocate for the much needed program-matic implementation research,evidence-based interventions(EBls)policies and strategies leadership and manage-ment capacity building to enable robust,resilient and sustainable multi-sectoral partnerships,integrated coordination and governance mechanisms capabilities in accelerating UHC package mainly infectious diseases of poverty elimina-tion and eradication agenda.

关键词： elimination enable poverty

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Adaptive PI Control Based Stability Margin Configuration of Aircraft Control Systems with Unknown System Parameters and Time Delay

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第4期37卷 1507-1525页

作者： ZHANG Zhibing ZHOU Dapeng WANG Yeguang GAO Wanxin ZHANG Yanjun AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Design and research institute School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Beijing Institute of Technology

The stability margin is a vital indicator for assessing the safety level of aircraft control systems. It should maintain sufficient stability margin to ensure safety during flight, especially in the process of large maneuver operations. The stability margin is generally quantified by the Bode diagram,which strictly depends on the system parameters and the open-loop transfer function. However, due to the uncertain flight environments, transmission delays of sensors and mode switchings, etc., there exist large parameter and structure uncertainties in the aircraft control systems, which make it difficult to precisely configure the stability margin to the desired value by the usual control methods. To address this problem, an indirect adaptive control strategy is proposed in this paper, where an adaptive PI control law with the capability of self-configuration of stability margin is developed. The developed control law not only achieves stable time-varying command tracking in the time domain, but also is able to automatically configure the phase margin and gain margin in the frequency domain. Finally,the simulation of the one-degree-of-freedom roll rate control model of the air vehicle verifies the validity of the proposed control method.

关键词： Adaptive control aircraft control parameter uncertainty stability margin configuration

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A review on potential heterocycles for the treatment of glioblastoma targeting receptor tyrosine kinases

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Oncology research 2024年第5期32卷 849-875页

作者： NILAM BHUSARE MAUSHMI KUMAR Somaiya institute for research&Consultancy Somaiya Vidyavihar UniversityVidyavihar(East)Mumbai400077India

Glioblastoma,the most aggressive form of brain tumor,poses significant challenges in terms of treatment success and patient survival.Current treatment modalities for glioblastoma include radiation therapy,surgical intervention,and chemotherapy.Unfortunately,the median survival rate remains dishearteningly low at 12–15 months.One of the major obstacles in treating glioblastoma is the recurrence of tumors,making chemotherapy the primary approach for secondary glioma patients.However,the efficacy of drugs is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance mechanisms.Consequently,considerable research efforts have been directed toward understanding the underlying signaling pathways involved in glioma and developing targeted drugs.To tackle glioma,numerous studies have examined kinase-downstream signaling pathways such as RAS-RAF-MEKERK-MPAK.By targeting specific signaling pathways,heterocyclic compounds have demonstrated efficacy in glioma therapeutics.Additionally,key kinases including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),serine/threonine kinase,cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase(CTK),receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK)and lipid kinase(LK)have been considered for investigation.These pathways play crucial roles in drug effectiveness in glioma treatment.Heterocyclic compounds,encompassing pyrimidine,thiazole,quinazoline,imidazole,indole,acridone,triazine,and other derivatives,have shown promising results in targeting these pathways.As part of this review,we propose exploring novel structures with low toxicity and high potency for glioma treatment.The development of these compounds should strive to overcome multidrug resistance mechanisms and efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier.By optimizing the chemical properties and designing compounds with enhanced drug-like characteristics,we can maximize their therapeutic value and minimize adverse effects.Considering the complex nature of glioblastoma,these novel structures should be rigorously tested and evaluated for their efficacy and safety profiles.

关键词： Glioblastoma Kinase pathway Pyrimidine Quinazoline Heterocycles

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The current situation of semen analysis in China,based on a survey of 296 laboratories

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 220-221页

作者： Long-Long Fu Ying Liu Xiao-Wei Wang Fang Zhou Ying Guo Wen-Hong Lu Yi-Qun Gu National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health Reproductive Health Research CenterNational Research Institute for Family PlanningBeijing 100081China institute of Pediatric research Children's Hospitalof Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025China

Dear Editor,Semen analysis is a basic test to assess male fertility and is a fundamental test in assisted reproductive technology.From the first publication of World Health Organization(WHO)Laboratory Manual of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction in 1980,to the publication of the WHO Manual,6th edition in 2021,these 40 years have been recognized as providing a global standard that is widely used in research and clinical laboratories worldwide.The WHO Manual,6th edition in Chinese,which we have been authorized by the WHO to translate,will be published soon.

关键词： technology. analysis translate

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Digital psychiatry in low-and-middle-income countries:New developments and the way forward

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 350-361页

作者： Subho Chakrabarti Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012UTIndia

Low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)bear the greater share of the global mental health burden but are ill-equipped to deal with it because of severe resource constraints leading to a large treatment gap.The remote provision of mental health services by digital means can effectively augment conventional services in LMICs to reduce the treatment gap.Digital psychiatry in LMICs has always lagged behind high-income countries,but there have been encouraging developments in the last decade.There is increasing research on the efficacy of digital psychiatric interventions.However,the evidence is not adequate to conclude that digital psychiatric interventions are invariably effective in LMICs.A striking development has been the rise in mobile and smartphone ownership in LMICs,which has driven the increasing use of mobile technologies to deliver mental health services.An innovative use of mobile technologies has been to optimize task-shifting,which involves delivering mental healthcare services in community settings using non-specialist health professionals.Emerging evidence from LMICs shows that it is possible to use digital tools to train non-specialist workers effectively and ensure that the psychosocial interventions they deliver are efficacious.Despite these promising developments,many barriers such as service costs,underdeveloped infrastructure,lack of trained professionals,and significant disparities in access to digital services impede the progress of digital psychiatry in LMICs.To overcome these barriers,digital psychiatric services in LMICs should address contextual factors influencing the delivery of digital services,ensure collaboration between different stakeholders,and focus on reducing the digital divide.

关键词： Digital psychiatry Low-and middle-income countries Developments Mental health

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Prognostic role of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio in lung cancer:An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 31-39页

作者： Zhendong Lu Siyun Fu Wei Li Xiang Gao Jinghui Wang Department of Medical Oncology Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Cancer research Center Beijing Chest HospitalBeijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background: C-reactive protein to albumin ratio(CRP/Alb ratio,CAR)has been suggested as a potential prognostic biomarker in lung cancer.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between CAR and lung cancer prognosis in current literature.Methods: A systematic search of databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to April 2023.Pooled hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated to assess the association between CAR and overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)and recurrence-free survival(RF)in lung cancer patients.Results: This meta-analysis includes 16 studies with a total of 5337 patients,indicating a significant association between higher CAR and poorer OS,PFS,and RFS in lung cancer patients,with a pooled HR of 1.78(95%CI=1.60-1.99),1.57(95%CI=1.36-1.80),and 1.97(95%CI=1.40-2.77),respectively.Conclusions: This updated meta-analysis provides evidence for the potential prognostic role of CAR in lung cancer,suggesting its utility as an effective and noninvasive biomarker for identifying high-risk patients and informing treatment decisions in a cost-effective manner.However,further large-scale studies will be necessary to establish the optimal cut-off value for CAR in lung cancer and confirm the present findings.

关键词： C-reactive protein to albumin ratio inflammation:biomarker lung cancer prognosis

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