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Fabrication and fracture behaviors of the continuous brittle fiber reinforced tungsten composites fabricated via field-assisted sintering technology

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 172-182页

作者： Rui Shu Yi-Ran Mao Jan W. Coenen Alexis Terra Stephan Sch?nen Johann Riesch Christian Linsmeier Christoph Broeckmann Juelich research Center Institute of Energy and Climate Research Plasma Physics (IEK-4) Partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster institute of Materials Applications in Mechanical engineering (IWM) RWTH Aachen University Department of Nuclear engineering & engineering Physics University of Wisconsin Madison Central institute of engineering Electronics and Analytics Engineering and Technology (ZEA-1) Juelich Research Center Max Planck institute for Plasma Physics institute of Materials Applications in Mechanical engineering IWM RWTH Aachen University

Tungsten（W） is a promising candidate material for the plasma-facing components in future fusion ***,it has issues regarding the intrinsic brittleness as well as operational *** fiber reinforced tungsten（W_f/W） composites overcome these issues by using extrinsic toughening *** to neutron irradiation and high-temperature recrystallization during fusion operation,the ductility of the fibers may degrade over a long period of ***,it is necessary to investigate the fracture behavior of W_f/W composites with brittle *** the present work,the tungsten fibers were embrittled by ***,the continuous brittle W_f/W composite with yttrium oxide（Y2O3） interface was fabricated by the field-assisted sintering technology *** microstructure of the prepared W_f/W composites was *** fracture behavior and toughening mechanisms were discussed in detail based on the experimental results of 3-point bending tests and the corresponding finite element *** composites show a pseudo-ductile fracture *** are hindered and deflected by the de-bonded fiber-matrix *** extrinsic toughening mechanisms of interface de-bonding,crack bridging,and fiber pull-out are *** indicates the reinforcement concept still works even though all components in the W_f/W are brittle.

关键词： Field-assisted sintering technology (FAST) Fracture behavior Interface Numerical simulation Wf/W composites

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua Jo Jonggeol Na J.Jay Liu Young-Ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of chemical and Biological engineering Korea University145 Anam-roSeongbuk-guSeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of chemical engineering(Integrated process) Kyung Hee University1732 Deogyeong-daeroGiheung-guYongin-siGyeonggi-do 17104Republic of Korea Department of chemical engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University52 Ewhayeodae-gilSeodaemun-guSeoul 03760Republic of Korea Department of chemical engineering Pukyong National University45 Yongso-roNam-guBusan 48513Republic of Korea Resources engineering Plant research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources124 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34132Republic of Korea

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol(1,6-HDO) with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments(LCAs).Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically(USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton) and environmentally(-26.9 kg CO_(2)eq.). This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： Biorefinery Carbon mitigation Climate change Global warming Lignin utilization Bioeconomy

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Mechanistic insight into the synergy between nickel single atoms and nanoparticles on N-doped carbon for electroreduction of CO_(2)

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 327-336页

作者： Mingdong Sun Wenwen Guan Cailing Chen Chao Wu Xiaoling Liu Biao Meng Tao Chen Yu Han Jun Wang Shibo Xi Yu Zhou State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented chemical engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816JiangsuChina Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia institute of Sustainability for chemicals Energy and EnvironmentA*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)Jurong IslandSingapore 627833Singapore College of Materials Science and engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina

The synergy of single atoms(SAs)and nanoparticles(NPs)has demonstrated great potential in promoting the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR);however,the rationalization of the SAs/NPs proportion remains one challenge for the catalyst ***,a Ni2+-loaded porous poly(ionic liquids)(PIL)precursor synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer,1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride,was pyrolyzed to prepare the Ni,N co-doped carbon materials,in which the proportion of Ni SAs and NPs could be facilely modulated by controlling the annealing *** catalyst Ni-NC-1000 with a moderate proportion of Ni SAs and NPs exhibited high efficiency in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)into *** Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES)spectra and theoretical calculations were conducted to gain insight into the synergy of Ni SAs and *** charge transfer from Ni NPs to the surrounding carbon layer and then to the Ni SAs resulted in the electron-enriched Ni SAs active *** the electroreduction of CO_(2),the coexistence of Ni SAs and NPs strengthened the CO_(2)activation and the affinity towards the key intermediate of*COOH,lowering the free energy for the potential-determining*CO_(2)→*COOH step,and therefore promoted the catalysis efficiency.

关键词： Single atom catalyst Synergy effect cO2 reduction Carbon catalyst Electrocatalysis

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Data-Driven Fault-Tolerant Bipartite Consensus Tracking for Multi-Agent Systems With a Non-Autonomous Leader

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 279-281页

作者： Yan Zhou Guanghui Wen Jialing Zhou Tao Yang the Department of Systems Science Southeast University the State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM Beijing Institute of Technology the Beijing institute of technology (Zhuhai) the State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for process Industries Northeastern University

Dear Editor,This letter studies the bipartite consensus tracking problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with actuator faults and a leader's unknown time-varying control input. To handle such a problem, the continuous fault-tolerant control protocol via observer design is developed. In addition, it is strictly proved that the multi-agent system driven by the designed controllers can still achieve bipartite consensus tracking after faults occur.

关键词： Time varying control systems

CO hydrogenation conversion driven by micro-environments of active sites over iron carbide catalysts

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第2期10卷 367-373页

作者： Nan Song Xingxing Li Ebtihal Abograin Wenyao Chen Junbo Cao Jing Zhang De Chen Xuezhi Duan Xinggui Zhou State Key Laboratory of chemical engineering East China University of Science and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China Department of chemical engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim7491Norway

Essentially clearing the structure-activity relationship between iron carbide catalysts involving multiple active centers to understand the reaction mechanism of CO hydrogenation conversion process is still a great ***,two main micro-environment factors,namely electronic properties and geometrical effects were found to have an integrated effect on the mechanism of CO hydrogenation conversion,involving active sites on multiple crystal *** Bader charge of the surface Fe atoms on the active sites had a guiding effect on the CO activation pathway,while the spatial configuration of the active sites greatly affected the energy barriers of CO *** the defective surfaces were more conducive to CO activation,the defective sites were not the only sites to dissociate CO,as CO always tended to dissociate in a wider *** synergistic effect of the micro-environment also occurred during the CO conversion *** C atoms on relatively flat configurations were more likely to form methane,while the electronic properties of the active sites could effectively describe the C-C coupling process,as well as distinguish the coupling mechanisms.

关键词： Micro-environment CO hydrogenation conversion Electronic property Local environment Synergistic effect

Iron-nitrogen-doped porous carbon absorbers constructed from hypercrosslinked ferrocene polymers for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第3期32卷 578-590页

作者： Yi Hu Yijia Zhou Lijia Liu Qiang Wang Chunhong Zhang Hao Wei Yudan Wang Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials&Surface technology of Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Yantai research institute of Harbin engineering University Yantai 264006China Qingdao Innovation and Development Base of Harbin engineering University Qingdao 266404China

Herein,an external crosslinker facilitated the hypercrosslinking of ferrocene and a nitrogen heterocyclic compound(either melamine or imidazole)through a direct Friedel-Crafts reaction,which led to the formation of nitrogen-containing hypercrosslinked fer-rocene polymer precursors(HCP-FCs).Subsequent carbonization of these precursors results in the production of iron-nitrogen-doped por-ous carbon absorbers(Fe-NPCs).The Fe-NPCs demonstrate a porous structure comprising aggregated nanotubes and *** porosity of this structure can be modulated by adjusting the iron and nitrogen contents to optimize impedance *** uniform dis-tribution of Fe-N_(x)C,N dipoles,andα-Fe within the carbon matrix can be ensured by using hypercrosslinked ferrocenes in constructing porous carbon,providing the absorber with numerous polarization sites and a conductive *** electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the specially designed Fe-NPC-M_(2)absorbers is satisfactory,revealing a minimum reflection loss of-55.3 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.00 GHz at 2.0 *** utilizing hypercrosslinked polymers(HCPs)as precursors,a novel method for developing highly efficient carbon-based absorbing agents is introduced in this research.

关键词： hypercrosslinked polymers porous carbon iron-nitrogen doping annealing

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Auxiliary ligand-induced assembly of atomically precise silver clusters

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 580-589页

作者： Yeqin Feng Xuemeng Jing Fangyu Fu Mengyun Zhao Manzhou Chi Hongjin Lv Guo-Yu Yang MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 102488China

Establishing the correlation between inter-cluster assembly and auxiliary ligands at the atomic level is crucial for the development of metal cluster *** this work,we report the successful preparation and characterization of three Ag clusters,discrete 0-D Ag_(51)S_(6)Cl_(3)(i PrS)_(21)(TsO)_(15)CH_(3)CN(0-D Ag_(51),i PrS–=isopropanethiolate,TsO–=toluenesulfonate),1-D{Ag_(38)S_(4)-(i PrS)_(18)(PhCOO)_(12)}n(1-D Ag_(38),PHCOO–=benzoate),and 2-D{Ag_(2)0(SO_(4))Cl_(2)(i PrS)10(NO_(3))6}n(2-D Ag_(20)),using a delicate auxiliary-ligand-induced *** analyses reveal that the types of auxiliary ligands can readily affect the structure and dimensionality of resulting Ag *** addition of different surface auxiliary ligands from TsO–to PhCOO–and then to NO_(3)–leads to the formation of 0-D Ag_(51) to 1-D Ag_(38) and then to 2-D Ag_(2)0 clusters under otherwise identical reaction conditions,*** resulting Ag clusters exhibited structure-related optical/luminescence properties and distinct bathochromic shifts as revealed by the temperature-dependent luminescence and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

关键词： silver(I)clusters auxiliary ligand effect silver cluster synthesis luminescence

Tetraphenylethylene-derived organic cages with persistent photogenic radicaloids and efficient photothermal conversion

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 661-669页

作者： Suqiong Yan Bo Yang Fanda Feng Yuan Zhang Shirong Ban Hui Ma Wei Huang State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Shenzhen research institute of Nanjing University Shenzhen 518057China

Transformation of the electronic spin states has received significant interest in recent years because of its applications in the magnetic information storage materials and optical response ***,it can be formidably challenging to use ultraviolet(UV)light as a contactless stimulus to alter the electronic spin states of the supramolecular *** by the approach on the radical cation mechanism of the Scholl reaction and the photocyclization reactivity of tetraphenylethylene(TPE)derivatives,we report two photochromic cages(cage-TPE-1 and cage-TPE-2)that can be photochemically transformed from electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)-silent to EPR-active form via UV irradiation due to the photo-induced electron transfer process at the TPE *** provided a strong single-electron signal with a g value of 2.003 in cage-TPE-1 and cage-TPE-2 but no signal was detected for the pristine samples without the *** transformation can be monitored by ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared(UV–vis–NIR)and photoluminescence(PL)*** photogenic radical cage intermediate was unstable in solution resulting in the degradation and intramolecular cyclization of the reactive species,while the radicals were found to be stable and persistent in the solid state due to the spin delocalization,the steric protection of confined cavities,and the oxygen *** theoretical calculations and spectral measurements suggest that the photogenic radical cage-TPE-2(•+)experiences photocyclization on the TPE *** with the close-shell cage,the radical cage-TPE-1(•+)and cage-TPE-2(•+)exhibit better photothermal conversion performance due to the incubated infrared absorption from open-shell electron feature and reduced band gap.

关键词： supramolecular cage photogenic radical photocyclization photothermal conversion

Cu gradient design to attain high efficient solution-processed CuIn（S,Se）2 solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 213-222页

作者： Xuejun Xu Rutao Meng Yue Liu Han Xu Jianpeng Li Yi Zhang institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and technology State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Cells and Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology Ministry of Education Nankai University

Solution-processed chalcopyrite solar cells are widely regarded as a promising alternative method in reducing the cost compared with vacuum-based *** is noted that the absorber layer usually needs to be prepared under a high insert pressure（～1.6 atm） to suppress element loss or under a mild pressure but additional surface etching is needed for fabricating high efficient solar ***,a copper gradient structured precursor is proposed to prepare CuIn（S,Se）2（CISSe） film under a mild pressure（1.1 atm）.The designed gradient Cu not only promotes crystal grain growth and tailors the defects,but also avoids the surface etching of the formed CISSe film for the fabrication of high efficient solar ***,Cu gradient design decreases the conduction band offset of heterojunction,boosting the carriers transport across the p-n ***,a 13,35% efficient CISSe solar cell,comparable to the high efficient CISSe solar cell prepared by this method under high pressure or with film surface etching,is *** work provides a facile pathway to fabricate high efficient solution-processed chalcopyrite solar cell,avoiding high selenization pressure and film etching,and shows huge potential for solutionprocessed copper-based solar cells.

关键词： Band alignment Carrier transport CISSe Crystal grain growth Cu gradient Defect passivation