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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings David Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha Daddam Vengai Mavangira Mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou Department of animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and production animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d *** receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Source and level of dietary iron influence semen quality by affecting inflammation, oxidative stress and iron utilization levels in boars

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2044-2058页

作者： Yinghui Wu Yamei Li Yueyue Miao Hongkui Wei Hefeng Luo Chunxiao Ren Yawei Zhang Juan Chen Tanghong Wei Jiyan Deng Jian Peng Department of animal Nutrition and Feed Science College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig production Wuhan 400700China Frontiers Science Center for animal Breeding and Sustainable production Wuhan 430070China Dekon Food and Agriculture Group Chengdu 610000China Xingjia Bio-Engineering Co.Ltd Changsha 410011China

Background Boars fed a mixed form of inorganic and organic iron in excess of the NRC recommended levels still develop anemia,which suggested that the current level and form of iron supplementation in boar diets may be ***,56 healthy Topeka E line boars aged 15–21 months were randomly divided into 5 groups:basal diet supplemented with 96 mg/kg ferrous sulfate(FeSO_(4))and 54 mg/kg glycine chelated iron(Gly-Fe,control);80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe;80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg methionine hydroxyl analogue chelated iron(MHA-Fe,from CalimetFe)for 16 *** effects of dietary iron supplementation with different sources and levels on semen quality in boars were *** 1)Serum Fe and hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by reduced dietary iron levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups compared with the control group(P>0.05).2)Serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and sperm malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and higher serum superoxide dismutase levels and lower MDA levels in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group(P<0.05).3)Boars in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups had lower serum hepcidin(P<0.01),ferritin(P<0.05),and transferrin receptor(P<0.01)concentrations,and boars in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group had higher seminal plasma Fe concentrations compared with the control group.4)Boars in the 80 mg/kg and 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups had lower abnormal sperm rate and in situ oscillating sperm ratio compared to the control group at weeks 12 and/or 16 of the ***,the effect of Gly-Fe on improving semen quality in boars was not evident.5)Serum IL-6 level was positively correlated with hepcidin concentration(P<0.05),which in turn was significantly positively correlated with abnormal sperm rate(P<0.05).Furthermore,significant correlations were also found between indicators of iron status and oxidative stress and semen quality ***

关键词： Adult boars Iron level Iron source Iron status Semen quality

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The virulence regulator AbsR in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli has pleiotropic effects on bacterial physiology

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 649-668页

作者： Dongfang Zhao Haobo Zhang Xinyang Zhang Fengwei Jiang Yijing Li Wentong Cai Ganwu Li State Key Laboratory for animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069China College of Veterinary Medicine Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150038China National animal Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Division of Zoonoses SurveillanceChina Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao 266032China Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and production animal Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011-1134the United States

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC)belonging to extraintestinal pathogenic ***(ExPEC)can cause severe infections in extraintestinal tissues in birds and humans,such as the lungs and ***(microcin production regulation,locus A,herein renamed AbsR,a blood survival regulator),a member of the MarR(multiple antibiotic resistance regulator)transcriptional regulator family,governs the expression of capsule biosynthetic genes in human ExPEC and represents a promising druggable target for ***,a deep understanding of the AbsR regulatory mechanism as well as its regulon is *** this study,we present a systems-level analysis of the APEC AbsR regulon using ChIP-Seq(chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing)and RNA-Seq(RNA sequencing)*** found that AbsR directly regulates 99 genes and indirectly regulates 667 ***,we showed that:1)AbsR contributes to antiphagocytotic effects by macrophages and virulence in a mouse model for systemic infection by directly activating the capsular gene cluster;2)AbsR positively impacts biofilm formation via direct regulation of the T2SS(type II secretion system)but plays a marginal role in virulence;and 3)AbsR directly upregulates the acid tolerance signaling system EvgAS to withstand acid stress but is dispensable in ExPEC ***,our data indicate that the role of AbsR in virulence gene regulation is relatively conserved in ExPEC ***,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the AbsR regulon and regulatory mechanism,and our data suggest that AbsR likely influences virulence primarily through the control of capsule ***,we found that AbsR severely represses the expression of the type I-F CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas(CRISPR associated)systems,which could have implications in CRISPR biology and application.

关键词： avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli(ExPEC) AbsR RNA-Seq ChIP-Seq gene regulation

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Dietary crude protein and protein solubility manipulation enhances intestinal nitrogen absorption and mitigates reactive nitrogen emissions through gut microbiota and metabolome reprogramming in sheep

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 57-71页

作者： Zhenbin Zhang Yiquan Sun Xinhuang Zhong Jun Zhu Sihan Yang Yalan Gu Xiang Yu Yue Lu Zhiqi Lu Xuezhao Sun Mengzhi Wang Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy production Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation SciencesShihezi 832000XinjiangChina Shanghai Frontan animal Health Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201502China Agresearch(Grasslands research Centre) Palmerston North4410New Zealand

Dietary nutrient manipulation(*** fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism ***-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary *** control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7%on a dry matter ***,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10%reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%,25.9%,and 29.4%of CP,*** results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(Pproduction at the *** significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(***,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N *** summary,a 10%reduction in CP,coupled with an

关键词： Soluble protein Low-protein diet Nitrogen metabolism Reactive nitrogen Fecal microbiota and metabolome Energy and nitrogen utilization efficiency

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Gut microbiota intervention attenuates thermogenesis in broilers exposed to high temperature through modulation of the hypothalamic 5‑HT pathway

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 679-698页

作者： Sheng Li Xiaoqing Li Kai Wang Yansen Li Kentaro Nagaoka Chunmei Li research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart production College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology Department of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo 183‑8509Japan

Background Broilers have a robust metabolism and high body temperature,which make them less tolerant to hightemperature(HT)environments and more susceptible to challenges from elevated *** microbes,functioning as symbionts within the host,possess the capacity to significantly regulate the physiological functions and environmental adaptability of the *** study aims to investigate the effects of gut microbial intervention on the body temperature and thermogenesis of broilers at different ambient temperatures,as well as the underlying mechanism involving the"gut-brain"*** Broilers were subjected to gut microbiota interference with or without antibiotics(control or ABX)starting at 1 day of *** 21 day of age,they were divided into 4 groups and exposed to different environments for 7 d:The control and ABX groups at room temperature(RT,24±1℃,60%relative humidity(RH),24 h/d)and the control-HT and ABX-HT groups at high temperature(HT,32±1℃,60%RH,24 h/d).Results The results demonstrated that the antibiotic-induced gut microbiota intervention increased body weight and improved feed conversion in broiler chickens(P<0.05).Under HT conditions,the microbiota intervention reduced the rectal temperature of broiler chickens(P<0.05),inhibited the expression of avUCP and thermogenesisrelated genes in breast muscle and liver(P<0.05),and thus decreased thermogenesis ***,the gut microbiota intervention blunted the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activation induced by HT *** analyzing the cecal microbiota composition of control and ABX chickens maintained under HT conditions,we found that Alistipes was enriched in control *** contrast,antibioticinduced gut microbiota intervention resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes(P<0.05).Moreover,this difference was accompanied by increased hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content and TPH2 expression(P<0.05).Conclus

关键词： 5-HT Broiler chickens Gut microbiota Thermogenesis Thermoregulation

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Biotic and abiotic stresses on honeybee health

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 442-457页

作者： Zheguang LIN Siyi SHEN Kang WANG Ting JI Apicultural research Institute College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina

Honeybees are the most critical pollinators providing key ecosystem services that underpin crop production and sustainable *** a backdrop of rapid global change,this eusocial insect encounters a succession of stressors during nesting,foraging,and *** mites,together with vectored viruses,have been recognized as central biotic threats to honeybee health,while the spread of invasive giant hornets and small hive beetles also increasingly threatens colonies *** of agrochemicals,including acaricides used for mite treatment,and other pollutants of the environment have been widely documented to affect bee health in various ***,expanding urbanization,climate change,and agricultural intensification often result in the destruction or fragmentation of flower-rich bee *** anthropogenic pressures exerted by beekeeping management practices affect the natural selection and evolution of honeybees,and colony translocations facilitate alien species invasion and disease *** this review,the multiple biotic and abiotic threats and their interactions that potentially undermine bee colony health are discussed,while taking into consideration the sensitivity,large foraging area,dense network among related nestmates,and social behaviors of honeybees.

关键词： abiotic stressor Apis biotic stressor colony losses interaction effect pollinator decline

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Aflatoxin B1 decreased flesh flavor and inhibited muscle development in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 27-38页

作者： Xiang Ning He Zhen Zhen Zeng Wei Dan Jiang Pei Wu Yang Liu Sheng Yao Kuang Ling Tang Shu Wei Li Lin Feng Xiao Qiu Zhou animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Fish Nutrition and Safety production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Key Laboratory for animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Ministry of EducationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu 611130China animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Academy of Animal ScienceChengdu 610066China

In nature,aflatoxins,especially aflatoxin B1(AFB1),are the common mycotoxins,which cause serious health problems for humans and *** paper aimed to study the effects of AFB1 on flesh flavor and muscle development of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)and its *** were 1440 individual fish in total,with 6 treatments and each treatment replicated 3 *** 6 treatments were fed a control diet with different doses of AFB1(0.04,29.48,58.66,85.94,110.43 and 146.92μg/kg diet)for 60 ***1 increased myofiber diameter,as well as decreased myofiber density of grass carp muscle(P<0.05).The contents of free amino acid decreased gradually(P<0.05)as dietary AFB1 increased in the muscle of grass *** levels of reactive oxygen species,malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl(PC)were increased(P<0.05)with the dietary AFB1 *** levels of antioxidant enzyme(glutathione peroxidase,glutathione,glutathione reductase,total antioxidant capacity,anti-superoxide anion,and anti-hydroxyl radical)were decreased(P<0.05)with the dietary AFB1 *** addition,dietary AFB1 decreased the content of collagen,and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smads signaling pathway in grass carp muscle(P<0.05).The mRNA and protein levels of myogenic regulatory factors were downregulated in grass carp muscle(P<0.05).Furthermore,the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)were increased(P<0.05),and the protein levels of phosphorylate-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-p38MAPK),phosphorylate-c-Jun N-terminal kinase,urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA),MMP-2 and MMP-9 were upregulated(P<0.05),but collagenⅠ,lamininβ1 and fibronectin were downregulated(P<0.05)with the dietary AFB1 increased in the muscle of grass *** on the results of this study,we can draw the following conclusion:dietary AFB1 might damage flesh flavor and inhibit the muscle development through MAPK/uPA/MMP/extrac

关键词： Aflatoxin B1 Flesh flavor Muscle development Grass carp

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Dietary copper improves intestinal structural integrity in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)probably related to its increased intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junction complex

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 96-106页

作者： Rui Ma Lin Feng Pei Wu Yang Liu Hong Mei Ren Xiao Wan Jin Shu Wei Li Ling Tang Xiao Qiu Zhou Wei Dan Jiang animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Fish Nutrition and Safety production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Key Laboratory of animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Ministry of EducationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu611130China animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Academy of Animal ScienceSichuan Animtech Feed Co.Ltd.Chengdu610066China

This research evaluated the effects of copper(Cu)on intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junctional complex(AJC)in juvenile grass carp.A total of 1080 healthy juvenile grass carp(11.16±0.01 g)were fed six diets including different dosages of Cu,namely 0,2,4,6,8 mg/kg(Cu citrate[CuCit]as Cu source)and 3 mg/kg(CuSO4·5H2O as Cu source).The trial lasted for 9 *** findings revealed that dietary optimal Cu supplementation(2.2 to 4.1 mg/kg)promoted intestinal growth,including intestinal length,intestinal length index,intestinal weight,and intestinal somatic index(P 0.05).On the other hand,optimal Cu increased intestinal tight junction(TJ)proteins(except for claudin 15b)and adherens junction(AJ)proteins(E-cadherin,α-catenin,β-catenin,nectin and afadin)mRNA levels(P<0.05),which could be connected to the signaling pathway formed by the Ras homolog gene family,member A(RhoA),Rho-associated kinase(ROCK),and myosin light chain kinase(MLCK).Finally,based on serum indicator D-lactate and intestinal oxidative damage index(ROS),Cu requirement(CuCit as Cu source)for juvenile grass carp from initial weight to final weight(from 11 to 173 g)was determined to be 4.14 and 4.12 mg/kg diet,*** work may provide a theoretical foundation for identifying putative Cu regulation pathways on fish intestinal health.

关键词： Copper Ctenopharyngodon idella Structural integrity Intestine

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AP-1 and SP1 trans-activate the expression of hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 in the bioactivation of AFB1 in chicken

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1468-1478页

作者： Jiang Deng Jia-Cheng Yang Yue Feng Ze-Jing Xu Kamil Kuča Meng Liu Lv-Hui Sun State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryFrontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable ProductionCollege of Animal Sciences and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Hradec KraloveHradec Kralove 50003Czech Republic

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1(AFB1)is harmful to the health and performance of domestic *** hepatic cytochrome P450s(CYPs),CYP1A1 and CYP2A6,are the primary enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1to the highly toxic exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide(AFBO)in ***,the transcriptional regulation mechanism of these CYP genes in the liver of chicks in AFB1metabolism remains ***-luciferase reporter assay,bioinformatics and site-directed mutation results indicated that specificity protein 1(SP1)and activator protein-1(AP-1)motifs were located in the core region-1,063/-948,-606/-541 of the CYP1A1 promoter as well as-636/-595,-503/-462,-147/-1 of the CYP2A6 ***,overexpression and decoy oligodeoxynucleotide technologies demonstrated that SP1 and AP-1 were pivotal transcriptional activators regulating the promoter activity of CYP1A1 and ***,bioactivation of AFB1to AFBO could be increased by upregulation of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 expression,which was trans-activated owing to the upregulation of AP-1,rather than SP1,stimulated by AFB1-induced reactive oxygen ***,nano-selenium could reduce ROS,downregulate AP-1 expression and then decrease the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6,thus alleviating the toxicity of *** conclusion,AP-1 and SP1 played important roles in the transactivation of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 expression and further bioactivated AFB1to AFBO in chicken liver,which could provide novel targets for the remediation of aflatoxicosis in chicks.

关键词： aflatoxin B1 CYP1A1 CYP2A6 SP1 AP-1 transcriptional activation

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Effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization, the portal amino acid profile, and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in piglets

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2106-2121页

作者： Zexi Li Yunfei Li Yufei Zhao Guifu Wang Rujie Liu Yue Li Qamar Aftab Zewei Sun Qingzhen Zhong Jilin Province Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feed Science College of Animal Science and TechnologyKey Lab of Animal ProductionProduct Quality and SecurityMinistry of EducationJilin Agricultural University2888 Xincheng StreetChangchun CityJilin ProvincePeople’s Republic of China Dongfeng County Sika Deer Industry Development Service Center Dongfeng CountyLiaoyuan CityJilin ProvinceChina

Background Promoting the synchronization of glucose and amino acid release in the digestive tract of pigs could effectively improve dietary nitrogen *** rational allocation of dietary starch sources and the exploration of appropriate dietary glucose release kinetics may promote the dynamic balance of dietary glucose and amino acid ***,research on the effects of diets with different glucose release kinetic profiles on amino acid absorption and portal amino acid appearance in piglets is *** study aimed to investigate the effects of the kinetic pattern of dietary glucose release on nitrogen utilization,the portal amino acid profile,and nutrient transporter expression in intestinal enterocytes in *** Sixty-four barrows(15.00±1.12 kg)were randomly allotted to 4 groups and fed diets formulated with starch from corn,corn/barley,corn/sorghum,or corn/cassava combinations(diets were coded A,B,C,or D respectively).Protein retention,the concentrations of portal amino acid and glucose,and the relative expression of amino acid and glucose transporter m RNAs were *** vitro digestion was used to compare the dietary glucose release *** Four piglet diets with different glucose release kinetics were constructed by adjusting starch *** in vivo appearance dynamics of portal glucose were consistent with those of in vitro dietary glucose release *** nitrogen excretion was reduced in the piglets in group B,while apparent nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen retention increased(P<0.05).Regardless of the time(2 h or 4 h after morning feeding),the portal total free amino acids content and contents of some individual amino acids(Thr,Glu,Gly,Ala,and Ile)of the piglets in group B were significantly higher than those in groups A,C,and D(P<0.05).Cluster analysis showed that different glucose release kinetic patterns resulted in different portal amino acid patterns in piglets,which decreased gradually with the

关键词： Glucose release kinetics Nitrogen utilization Nutrient transporter Piglet

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