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Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui Ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen Jiangling Zhu Chengjun Ji Biao Zhu Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang Institute of ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State Key Laboratory of vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

关键词： meta-analysis nitrogen enrichment soil organic carbon carbon accumulation carbon stability

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Variability and limits of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption during foliar senescence

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plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 41-55页

作者： Marc Estiarte Matteo Campioli Maria Mayol Josep Penuelas CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08193 BellaterraCataloniaSpain CREAF 08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain research group of plant and vegetation ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of Antwerp2610 WilrijkBelgium

Foliar nutrient resorption(NuR)plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and plant nutrient *** of this recycling occurs during the senescence of leaves and is actively addressed by ***,we discuss the importance of cell biochemistry,physiology,and subcellular anatomy to condition the outcome of NuR at the cellular level and to explain the existence of limits to *** are transferred from the leaf in simple metabolites that can be loaded into the *** is the main mechanism for mobilization of N,whereas P mobilization requires the involvement of different catabolic pathways,making the dynamics of P in leaves more variable than those of N before,during,and after foliar *** biochemistry and fate of organelles during senescence impose constraints that limit *** efficiency of NuR decreases,especially in evergreen species,as soil fertility increases,which is attributed to the relative costs of nutrient acquisition from soil decreasing with increasing soil nutrient availability,while the energetic costs of NuR from senescing leaves remain *** is genetically determined,with substantial interspecific variability,and is environmentally regulated in space and time,with nutrient availability being a key driver of intraspecific variability in NuR.

关键词： foliar nutrient resorption senescence nitrogen phosphorus efficiency nutrient availability

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Responses of Phytolith in Guinea Grass(Leymus chinensis) Leaves to Simulated Warming,Nitrogen Deposition and Elevated CO_2 Concentration in Songnen Grassland,Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2015年第4期25卷 404-413页

作者： LI Bo FENG Yingying GUO Jixun JIE Dongmei SHI Lianxuan Key Laboratory for vegetation ecology Ministry of Education Grassland Research Institute College of Life Science Northeast Normal University Key Laboratory for Wetland ecology and vegetation Restoration Ministry of Environmental Protection College of Geographical Science Northeast Normal University

Deposited in plant cells and their intercellular space,phytoliths,a special form of silica,could be used to determine information on plant structure and physiology especially their size and *** the hypothesis that phytolith in plant would change under variable climate and environment,the dominant plant species in Songnen grassland,guinea grass(Leymus chinensis),was treated by an open-top chamber(OTC) to elevate CO2 concentration,infrared heaters,and artificial nitrogen(N) addition for three years from 2006–*** were extracted by wet-ashing method and analyzed by variance analysis and so *** found that the responses to elevated CO2 are complicated,and warming is positive while N addition is negative to the deposition of phytoliths in *** ***,warming could reduce the negative impact of N addition on phytolith in *** short cell's taxonomic in graminea is significant because of no disappearance with simulated environmental *** phytolith originated in the long cell and plant intercellular space are more sensitive to elevated CO2 concentration,warming,and N addition,and could become some new indicators for environmental *** conclusion,different phytolith types have various responses to simulated warming,N addition and elevated CO2 concentration.

关键词： phytolith elevated CO2 warming N addition response

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Applications of stable isotopes to study plant-animal relationships in terrestrial ecosystems

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第22期49卷 2339-2347页

作者： WANG Jianzhu1,LIN Guanghui1,2,HUANG Jianhui1 & HAN Xingguo1 1.Key Laboratory of Quantitative vegetation Sciences and research Center for plant ecology and Biodiversity Conservation,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China 2.Department of Global ecology,Carnegie Institution of Washington,Stanford,CA 94305,USA Key Laboratory of Quantitative vegetation Sciences and research Center for plant ecology and Biodiversity Conservation Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Global ecology Carnegie Institution of Washington Stanford USA

As natural tracers, stable isotopes have been extensively used in plant physiological, ecological and envi- ronmental research. Recently, animal physiological ecologists have also applied stable isotope techniques to study plant- animal relationships. The isotopic compositions of animal body generally reflect and integrate their diets over a time period ranging from hours to years to the lifetime of an indi- vidual. When animal living habitat changes or animals move to a new environment, the animal isotopic compositions will shift accordingly. Thus, stable isotope signatures of an ani- mal can truly reflect its food sources, habitat, distribution and movement patterns during a given time period. More- over, by analyzing animal-tissue isotopic compositions at different temporal scales, we can improve our understanding of animal adaptation to environmental changes. Stable iso- tope technique also provides an ideal tool to study animal foodweb relationship and community structure because of isotopic fractionation during the processes of nutrient as- similation by animals. Stable isotope technique can continu- ously measure animal trophic position in a foodweb, which can eventually reveal the predator-prey relationship and its role in determining matter balance and energy flow in the entire ecosystem. Stable isotope technique has been one of the most important and efficient tools in studying plant-animal relationship. In this paper, we first review recent advances in the application of stable isotope techniques to plant-animal relationship research then evaluate their advantages and disadvantages, and finally discuss some future directions associated with stable isotope applications to plant-animal relationship research.

关键词：稳定同位素植物-动物关联性食物来源营养水平动物迁移

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Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 217-221页

作者： XU Qiu-jin NIAN Yue-gang JIN Xiang-can YAN Chang-zhou LIU Jin Jiang Gao-ming Lake research Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Quantitative vegetation ecology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, HydriUa verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. verticillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand （COD）. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD （980 rag/L） and decreased with low COD （63 mg/L）, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant ceils from the control experiment （untreated with chitosan） were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.

关键词： antioxdiant enaymes chitosan Hydrilla verticiUata malondialdehyde superoxide dismutase ultrastructure

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Can root trait diversity explain complementarity effects in a grassland biodiversity experiment?

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Journal of plant ecology 2018年第1期11卷 73-84页

作者： Lisette M.Bakker Liesje Mommer Jasper van Ruijven plant ecology and Nature Conservation group Wageningen University&ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 3a6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands

Aims The positive relationship between plant biodiversity and com-munity productivity is well ***,our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying these positive biodiversity effects is still *** of the main hypotheses is that com-plementarity in resource uptake is responsible for the positive biodiversity effects:plant species differ in resource uptake strat-egy,which results in a more complete exploitation of the avail-able resources in space and time when plant species are growing *** studies suggest that functional diversity of the community,*** diversity in functional characteristics(‘traits’)among species,rather than species richness per se,is important for positive biodiversity ***,experimental evidence for specific trait combinations underlying resource complemen-tarity is *** the root system is responsible for the uptake of nutrients and water,we hypothesize that diversity in root traits may underlie complementary resource use and contribute to the biodiversity *** In a common garden experiment,16 grassland species were grown in monoculture,4-species mixtures differing in root trait diversity and 16-species *** 4-species mixtures were designed to cover a gradient in average rooting ***-ground biomass was cut after one growing season and used as a proxy for plant productivity to calculate biodiversity *** Findings Overall,plant mixtures showed a significant increase in biomass and complementarity effects,but this varied greatly between ***,diversity in root traits(measured in a separate greenhouse experiment and based on literature)could not explain this variation in complementarity ***,complementa-rity effects were strongly affected by the presence and competitive interactions of two particular *** large variation in comple-mentarity effects and significant effect of two species emphasizes the importance of community composi

关键词： biodiversity effects resource complementarity trait diversity roots functional diversity grassland

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Genetic Improvement of Willow for Bioenergy and Biofuels

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2011年第2期53卷 151-165页

作者： Angela Karp Steve J.Hanley Sviatlana O.Trybush William Macalpine Ian Shield Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change Plant and Invertebrate Ecology DepartmentRothamsted Research

Willows （Salix spp.） are a very diverse group of catkin-bearing trees and shrubs that are widely distributed across temperate regions of the globe. Some species respond well to being grown in short rotation coppice （SRC） cycles, which are much shorter than conventional forestry. Cop- picing reinvigorates growth and the biomass rapidly accumulated can be used as a source of renewable carbon for bioenergy and biofuels. As SRC willows re-distribute nutrients during the perennial cycle they require only minimal nitrogen fertilizer for growth. This results in fuel chains with potentially high greenhouse gas reductions. To exploit their potential for renewable energy, willows need to be kept free of pests and diseases and yields need to be improved without significantly increasing the requirements for fertilizers and water. The biomass composition needs to be optimized for different end-uses. Yields also need to be sustainable on land less productive for food crops to reduce conflicts over land use. Advances in understanding the physiology and growth of willow, and in the identification of genes underlying key traits, are now at the stage where they can start to be used in breeding programs to help achieve these goals.

关键词： Genetic Improvement of Willow for Bioenergy and Biofuels QTLs SRC

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Effects of resource availability on the trade-off between seed and vegetative reproduction

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Journal of plant ecology 2010年第4期3卷 251-258页

作者： Lanke Fu Shichang Wang Zhenguo Liu Ivan Nijs Keping Ma Zhenqing Li State Key Laboratory of vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Graduate University of Chinese of Academy Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China research group of plant and vegetation ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpCampus Drie EikenUniversiteitsplein 1B-2610 WilrijkBelgium

Aims To explore whether the trade-off between seed and vegetative reproductive modes is flexible in environments with different amounts of available resources to maintain optimal *** A transition matrix model was established to determine the optimal trade-off between seed and vegetative reproduction in resources–variable *** Findings The model predicts that plants allocate more resources to seed reproduction when available resources are *** increasing resources,more vegetative propagules are ***,if resources keep increasing to a harmful level,plants would switch to seeds again.

关键词： sexual reproduction vegetative reproduction trade-off resource

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Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： Yangyang JIA Marcel G.A.VAN DER HEIJDEN Alain Y.VALZANO-HELD Markus JOCHER Florian WALDER Postdoctoral Mobile Station of ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China research group plant-Soil Interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland research group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of plant and Microbial Biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland research group Soil Quality and Soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

Nitrogen(N)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems,whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned *** change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in N cycling under global change is still ***,we simulated N enrichment by fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously monitored different N pathways over nine *** found that high N enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF,based on aboveground *** presence of AMF always maintained plant N:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil N availability *** in plant N:P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AMF altering plant community ***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in N cycling,highlighting that AMF reduced N losses primarily by mitigating N leaching,while N_(2)O emissions played a marginal *** mycorrhizal fungi reduced N_(2)O emissions directly through the promotion of N_(2)O-consuming *** underlying mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial *** results indicate that synergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cycling and that the integral role of AMF in N cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： N cycling N enrichment N uptake N:P ratio plant community structure symbiotic soil fungi

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Phenotypic Plasticity of Life History Characteristics: Quantitative Analysis of Delayed Reproduction of Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) in the Songnen Plain of China

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2008年第6期50卷 641-647页

作者： Hai-Yan Li Yun-Fei Yang Institute of Grassland Science Northeast Normal University Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Changchun 130024 China

Green foxtail （Setaria viridis L.） is a common weed species in temperate regions. research on the effect of delayed reproduction on the phenotypic plasticity and regularity of the vegetative and reproductive growth is of vital significance for understanding population regulation and control of the weed in the growing season. Green foxtail seeds were sown every 10 days from 25 June to 24 August of 2004. The growth and production metrics were measured via harvesting tufts and statistical analysis was carried out. The results showed that the reproductive tillers, seed number, seed biomass and one thousand-seed weight of plants at the first sowing （25 June） approximately increased 28.8, 7 827.0, 1 104,0 and 12.3 times compared with that at the last sowing （24 August）, respectively. Total tillers, reproductive tillers and height increased linearly as the reproductive period delayed, however, biomass increased exponentially. Quadratic equations best explained the relationships between the delayed reproductive period and seed number, inflorescence length, one thousand-seed weight, seed biomass. Based on the quantity and quality of seed production, weeding young seedlings emerging before July can be the most effective weed-control strategy in the Songnen Plain.

关键词： delayed reproduction life history phenotypic plasticity quantitative characteristics Setaria viridis weed control

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