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Improve Anthocyanin and Zinc Concentration in Purple Rice by Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilizer Application

Rice science 2022年第5期29卷 435-450页

作者： Suchila UTASEE Sansanee JAMJOD Sittisavet LORDKAEW Chanakan PROM-U-THAI Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture/Center of Agricultural Resource SystemsFaculty of Agriculture/Lanna Rice Research CenterChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Zinc(Zn)is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development,and anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite compound generally produced under stress conditions;both have benefits to human health.Rice is a staple food crop for most of the world’s population,and purple rice is well known as a natural source of Zn and anthocyanins,but their stability depends upon many factors.This review focuses on the opportunity to increase Zn and anthocyanin compounds in purple rice grains via Zn and nitrogen(N)management during cultivation.Variation in grain Zn concentration and anthocyanin compounds is found among purple rice varieties,thus presenting a challenge for breeding programs aiming at high grain Zn and anthocyanin contents.Genetic engineering has successfully achieved a high-efficiency vector system comprising two regulatory genes and six structural anthocyanin-related genes driven by endosperm-specific promoters to engineer purple endosperm rice that can provide new high-anthocyanin varieties.Grain Zn and anthocyanin concentrations in rice can also be affected by environmental factors during cultivation,e.g.,light,temperature,soil salinity and nutrient(fertilizer)management.Applying N and Zn fertilizer is found to influence the physiological mechanisms of Zn absorption,uptake,transport and remobilization to promote grain Zn accumulation in rice,while N application can improve anthocyanin synthesis by promoting its biosynthesis pathway via the use of phenylalanine as a precursor.In summary,there is an opportunity to improve both grain Zn and anthocyanin in purple rice by appropriate management of Zn and N fertilizers during cultivation for specific varieties.

关键词： purple rice anthocyanin secondary metabolite zinc deficiency fertilizer

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Growth promotion of interspecific hybrid embryos between Cucumis anguria and Melon(C. melo) by fruit heating

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第2期8卷 215-220页

作者： Yuichi Matsumoto Mako Tsunamoto Center for Education and research in Agricultural Innovation Faculty of AgricultureSaga UniversitySaga 8470021Japan

Wild species of the genus Cucumis, such as C. anguria, are resistant to various melon(C. melo) diseases such as Fusarium wilt race 1.2 and are anticipated as genetic resources of melon. However, in the interspecific crosses between C. anguria and melon, the abortion of the embryos was observed in the early growth stage and could not be regenerated even when cultured. Therefore, for embryo rescue, it is necessary to promote embryo growth during abortion occurrence. This study investigated the effects of fruit heating on embryo growth in interspecific hybrids of C. anguria and melon. In the heating device, the minimum night temperature around the fruit was maintained above 21.5 °C. The ovule grain area of C. anguria × MR-1 with fruit heating was significantly enlarged compared to that without fruit-heating. It was also significantly enlarged compared with the ovule grain area of C. anguria self-pollination. Although, in C. anguria × MR-1 without fruit-heating, no embryo was observed until 10 days after pollination(DAP), and pre-embryos were observed at 13 DAP. Conversely, in C. anguria × MR-1 with fruit-heating, pre-embryos were even observed at 10 DAP. These results suggest that the possibility of embryo or ovule culture regeneration has increased due to embryo growth promotion.

关键词： Cucumis anguria L. Interspecific cross Melon Night temperature Ovule area

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Applying organic amendment enriches nutrient status of municipal solid waste compost and its application enhances tuber yield and nutrient concentrations of potato

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第4期5卷 439-450页

作者： Marufa Sultana M.Jahiruddin Mohammad Golam Kibria Md Hosenuzzaman Md.Anwarul Abedin Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Bangladesh Agricultural research Institute JoydebpurBangladesh

Elevated price of chemical fertilizers and poor nutrient content in conventional organic sources such as municipal solid waste(MSW)compost necessitate the production of nutrient enriched compost which could serve as a potential alternative organic fertilizer option.We studied three types of amended compost that were prepared by mixing 20%mustard oil cake(MOC)and 30%poultry manure(PM)or cow dung or sugarcane press mud(SPM)with 50%MSW compost.Trichoderma viride was inoculated into every type of compost.The rate of amended or unamended MSW compost application was 10 t ha^(−1).The use of different amendments improved the nutrient level of MSW compost,of which the N increment was remarkable,ranging from 1.14%N(unamended compost)to 2.9%–3.22%N depending on the types of amendment.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate performances of the amended MSW composts on the yield and nutrient content of potato(variety BARI Alu25).All compost treatments except the sole MSW compost treatment produced significantly higher tuber yields than the sole fertilizer treatment.The press mud based MSW compost+fertilizer treatment produced the highest tuber yield of 31.6 t ha^(−1)(65%increase over 100%fertilizers and 57%increase over 100%compost treatment).The tuber N concentration varied from 0.128%to 0.594%,P from 0.018%to 0.035%,K from 0.213%to 0.313%and S from 0.020%to 0.053%,with the highest result recorded with press mud+fertilizer treatment.The use of amended composts had residual effects on soil N,P,K and S contents.Thus,the treatment containing 50%fertilizer+50%compost mixture(MSW:MOC:SPM in a ratio of 5:2:3)performed the best followed by PM amended compost.It is concluded that integrated use of 10 t ha^(−1) organic amended MSW compost with chemical fertilizers can ensure higher crop yield,nutrient content and sustained soil fertility in nutrient-deficient sub-tropical soil.

关键词： Mustard oil cake MSW compost Potato Poultry manure Sugarcane press mud

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Improved inclination correction method applied to the guidance system of agricultural vehicles

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第6期13卷 183-194页

作者： Ricardo Ospina Noboru Noguchi Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589 HokkaidoJapan

This research introduces a new inclination correction method with increased accuracy applied to the guidance system of an agricultural vehicle.The method considers the geometry of a robot tractor and uses an Inertial Measurement Unit(IMU)to correct the lateral error of the RTK-GPS antenna measurements raised by the tractor's inclinations.A parameters optimization experiment and an automatic guidance experiment under real working conditions were used to compare the accuracy of a traditional correction method with the new correction method,by calculating the RMSE of the lateral error and the error reduction percentage.An additional tuned correction method was found by using a simple analytical method to find the optimal variables that reduced the lateral error to a minimum.The results indicate that the new correction method and the tuned correction method display a significant error reduction percentage compared to the traditional correction method.The methods could correct the GPS lateral error caused by the roll inclinations in real-time.The resulting lateral deviation caused by the tractor's inclinations could be reduced up to 23%for typical travelling speeds.

关键词： inclination correction method guidance system agricultural vehicles robot tractor IMU RTK-GPS precision farming

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Involvement of Quebracho tannins in diet alters productive and reproductive efficiency of postpartum buffalo cows

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 80-86页

作者： Sobhy M.A.Sallam Marwa F.A.Attia Adel N.M.Nour El-Din Samir Z.El-Zarkouny Adel M.Saber Hani M.El-Zaiat Moustafa M.Zeitoun Department of Animal and Fish Production Faculty of AgricultureAlexandria University Animal Production research Institute Agricultural Research CenterDokki

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 10 weeks supplementation of Quebracho tannins(QT; 0 [control], 100 [QT100] or 200 g/[cow$d] [QT_(200)]) to 30 multiparous postpartum buffalo cows(10 cows per group) on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites and reproductive performance.Supplementation of QT100 had no significant effect on milk yield, whereas QT_(200) decreased(P < 0.05) this trait. Compared with the control group, both QT levels decreased(P < 0.05) fat-corrected milk(FCM)yield, but no significant effects were found on percentages of milk fat and protein. Contrariwise, yields of milk fat, lactose and milk protein were decreased(P < 0.05) when QT_(200) was supplemented. The solids nonfat(SNF) percentage and yield were decreased(P < 0.05) with QT100 supplementation. Moreover, QT tended to numerically reduce total number of ovarian follicles, number of small follicles, peripheral progesterone concentration and conception rate. Supplementation of QT_(200) numerically increased number of large follicles, mean diameter of large follicle, number and diameters of corpora lutea. The inclusion of QT_(200) shortened days open(DO) and decreased number of services per conception.Contrariwise, QT did not show significant effects on serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose,cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. Supplementation of QT100 caused an increase(P < 0.05) of serum urea compared with that in control and QT_(200) groups. Generally, QT decreased(P < 0.05) serum creatinine concentration. Therefore, the supplementation of a commercial QT to early lactating Egyptian buffalo cows displayed negative consequences on their productive and reproductive performances.

关键词： Buffalo Tannins Milk traits Blood metabolites Ovarian follicles Conception rate

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The identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum causing acacia seedling wilt disease

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Journal of Forestry research 2022年第2期33卷 711-719页

作者： Soleha Soleha Ahmad Muslim Suwandi Suwandi Sabaruddin Kadir Rahmat Pratama Program of agriculture Sciences Faculty of AgricultureUniversitas SriwijayaJl.Padang Selasa No.524Bukit BesarPalembangSouth Sumatra 30139Indonesia Department of Plant Protection Faculty of AgricultureUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya 30662Indonesia Department of Soil Sciences Faculty of AgricultureUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya 30662Indonesia

Wilt disease with unknown etiology causes mass mortality in commercial Acacia mangium nurseries in South Sumatra.This pathogen induces symptoms of chlorosis in the lower leaves and develops into the shoots;subsequently,the plants wither and die.This research identifies the path-ogenic species causing this wilt disease and to assess its pathogenicity or virulence.Fifteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum with varying colony sizes and color pigments were recovered from symptomatic A.mangium seedlings.The pathogenicity test showed that all isolates could infect plants with wilt severity reaching 80%,and the pathogen was verified as causing vascular disease.Koch’s postulate was verified by re-isolating the F.oxysporum isolates.The pathogen was confirmed by observing the morphological characters and elongation factor 1-α(tef1-α)gene sequences as F.oxysporum.

关键词： Acacia mangium Fusarium oxysporum Seedling wilt Pathogenicity

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Estimation of Urban Green Cover Changes in Colombo Municipal Area over Ten Years Using Remote Sensing Techniques

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2022年第4期10卷 95-108页

作者： Karunarathna Atapattu Mudiyanselage Ruwanmali Priyanwada ATAPATTU E.A.Nadeeka M.EDIRISINGHE Sarath P.NISSANKA T.Tamasha FERNANDO Ajith Rohana GUNAWARDENA Postgraduate Institute of agriculture Old Galaha Road University of Peradeniya Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya research and Development Central Environmental Authority

Colombo is the commercial capital of Sri Lanka, with a high population, buildings, and vehicles.Therefore, it is vital to observe the spatial distribution of vegetation types and changes in the green cover of Colombo city to identify priority areas to improve green cover. This study was carried out to estimate the changes in green cover in Colombo Municipal Area(CMA) and its postal zones over 10 years using remote sensing techniques. The green cover was categorized into trees, shrubs, Play-grounds(PG)/Grasslands, wetlands, rooftops, and Ipomoea cover. Accordingly, total green cover increased up to 26.17% from 22.36% during the period of 2012–2022. During the past decade,except for the PG/Grasslands, all other vegetation types have been reduced. Five of the 15 postal zones in the CMA’s green cover have decreased during the past 10 years, including Colombo 04, 05,06, 09, and 13. The highest green cover was recorded in Colombo 07, while the lowest green cover was present in Colombo 11. The outcome of the study emphasizes that CMA is moving towards greening and sustainability even with the expansion of built-up areas and urban populations.

关键词： Urban areas Colombo Municipal Area postal zone green cover remote sensing

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High temperature enhances anthocyanin coloration in Asiatic hybrid lily flowers via upregulation of the MYB12 positive regulator

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第6期8卷 769-776页

作者： Masumi Yamagishi Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversityN9W9Kita-kuSapporo 060-8589Japan

Although high atmospheric temperatures suppress anthocyanin accumulation in most plant species,we show that high temperatures accelerate anthocyanin pigmentation in flower tepals of Asiatic hybrid lilies(Lilium spp.).After incubation at high temperatures(35℃)for two days,anthocyanin color became deeper in the most of tepal parts of two Asiatic hybrid lily cultivars,although the basal parts of’Montreux’tepals and top parts of’Toronto’outer tepals were whitened.Environmental stimuli often affect the expression of R2R3-MYB positive regulators that control anthocyanin biosynthesis.Although their expression is often suppressed by hot temperatures in other species,the expression of lily MYB12 in tepals was upregulated by high temperatures.MicroRNA828(miR828),which suppresses the action of MYB12 post-transcriptionally,exhibited reduced accumulation levels under high temperature,indicating that miR828 regulation is involved in MYB12 upregulation.In addition,transcription levels of MYB12,estimated by unspliced MYB12 transcript accumulation,were also activated by high temperatures.Thus,both suppressed miR828 accumulation and increased MYB12 transcription are likely to be involved in MYB12 activation at high temperatures.In the whitened basal parts of’Montreux’tepals at 35℃,expression of bHLH2 was severely suppressed while that of MYB12 was not affected.The present results demonstrate that plants display diverse responses to hot climatic conditions and shed new light on anthocyanin regulation under various environmental conditions.

关键词： Lilium spp Anthocyanin biosynthesis bHLH2 Global atmospheric warming microRNA828 R2R3-MYB

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Outlook:Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第1期4卷 17-30页

作者： Peter H.Selle Amy F.Moss Ha H.Truong Ali Khoddami David J.Cadogan Ian D.Godwin Sonia Y.Liu Poultry research Foundation The University of Sydney Sydney Institute of agriculture Faculty of ScienceThe University of Sydney Feedworks School of agriculture and Food Sciences The University of Queensland

This review is an outlook for sorghum as a feed grain for broiler chickens based on a survey of relevant stake-holders and recent research outcomes.Australian grain sorghum production will probably continue to generate a harvest in the order of 2.5×10~6t of which some 7.9×10~5t will be used as a feed grain for poultry and pigs.Feed grains are included primarily to provide energy from starch,but energy utilisation by broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets is relatively inferior,because of incomplete starch digestion.Kafirin,the dominant protein fraction,‘non-tannin’phenolic compounds and phytate are 3‘starch extrinsic’factors in sorghum that compromise starch digestibility and energy utilisation in broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets.Kafirin concentrations in 6 sorghum varieties were negatively correlated with metabolizable energy to gross energy(ME:GE)ratios(r=0.891;P<0.02)or the efficiency of energy utilisation in broiler chickens.Importantly,kafirin proportions of sorghum protein may be increasing with time in Australia.If so,this represents a fundamental challenge to sorghum breeders which presumably could be met by the development of sorghum varieties with different characteristics,especially in relation to the g-and b-kafirin fractions.White sorghum varieties contain lower polyphenol concentrations which should be advantageous as concentrations of total phenolic compounds were negatively correlated to ME:GE ratios(r=0.838;P<0.04)in 6 sorghum varieties.It would be desirable if more white varieties were to become available.It is suggested that responses to exogenous phytase in birds offered sorghum-based diets would be more robust if sorghum were to contain lower concentrations of kafirin and phenolic compounds.Paradoxically,while better sorghum varieties almost certainly could be developed,it may not necessarily follow that they will command a price premium from poultry and pig producers.

关键词： Kafirin Phenolic compounds Phytate Poultry Sorghum Starch

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Phytonutrient pellet supplementation enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency and milk production of lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 119-126页

作者： Maharach Matra Metha Wanapat Tropical Feed Resources research and Development Center(TROFREC) Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen 40002Thailand

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of inclusion of dragon fruit peel pellet(DFPP) and dietary non-protein nitrogen (NPN) on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency,plasma antioxidant activity, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield and composition in lactatingHolstein-Friesian crossbred cows. Four animals were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments accordingto a 2 ×2 factorial arrangement in 4 ×4 Latin square design. The treatments were as follows: 300 g DMof DFPP t100 g of urea (T1), 300 g DM of DFPP t 200 g of urea (T2), 400 g DM of DFPP t 100 g of urea(T3), and 400 g DM of DFPP t 200 g of urea (T4), respectively. The results showed that intake of ricestraw was increased (P 0.05) theNDF and ADF digestibilities, but increased the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, andcrude protein (P 0.05) withthe addition of DFPP. The DFPP improved (P < 0.01) microbial protein synthesis. The supplementation ofDFPP and urea increased (P < 0.05) milk fat, whereas milk yield and 3.5% fat corrected milk were onlyincreased (P < 0.05) by the DFPP supplementation. Based on these results, addition of DFPP at 400 g/animal per day with urea at 100 g/animal per day improved rumen fermentation, plasma antioxidantactivity, milk yield and milk fat percentage.

关键词： Tropical fruit peel Food waste Plasma antioxidant capacity Livestock

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