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Prey-mediated effects of mCry51Aa2-producing cotton on the predatory nontarget bug Orius majusculus(Reuter)

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Insect Science 2023年第4期30卷 1191-1206页

作者： Anja Boss Jorg Romeis Michael Meissle research division agroecology and environment AgroscopeZurichSwitzerland Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernBernSwitzerland

Genetically engineered(GE)cotton,MON 88702,is protected against cer-tain sucking pests,such as plant bugs and thrips,by producing mCry51Aa2,a mod-ified protein from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt).Predatory pirate bugs(Orius spp.),natural enemies contributing to biological pest control,are also sensitive to the insecti-cidal protein when exposed continuously to high *** evaluated effects of MON 88702 on Orius majusculus when fed prey types with different mCry51Aa2 *** neonates were provided exclusively Tetranychus urticae spider mites reared on MON 88702(high mCry51Aa2 content),adverse effects on predator survival and de-velopment were confirmed,compared with specimens fed prey from near-isogenic non-Bt *** fed a mixture of *** and Ephestia kuehniella eggs(mCry51Aa2-free),predator life table parameters were similar to the treatment where eggs were fed *** mCry51Aa2-containing spider mites were provided for a limited time at the beginning or the end of juvenile development,effects were less *** pirate bug nymphs showed similar consumption rates for prey from Bt and non-Bt cotton,choice experiments revealed a preference for *** eggs over spider *** larvae(Spodoptera littoralis,high mCry51Aa2 content)or cotton aphids(Aphis gossypii,mCry51Aa2-free)reared on MON 88702 as alternative prey did not result in adverse ef-fects on *** study suggests limited risk of mCry51Aa2-producing cotton for ***,because its sensitivity for the Bt protein is relatively low and its natural food consists of diverse prey species with varying concentrations of Bt protein.

关键词： ecosystem services environmental risk assessment enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay(ELISA) genetically modified crops Heteroptera Anthocoridae tritrophic interactions

Effect of Root-Induced Chemical Changes on Dynamics and Plant Uptake of Heavy Metals in Rhizosphere Soils

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Pedosphere 2010年第4期20卷 494-504页

作者： K.R.KIM G.OWENS R.NAIDU Climate Change & agroecology division Department of Agricultural EnvironmentNational Academy of Agricultural Science Centre for environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia Cooperative research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the environment

It is increasingly recognized that metal bioavailability is a better indicator of the potential for phytoremediation than the total metal concentration in soils; therefore, an understanding of the influence of phytoremediation plants on metal dynamics at the soil-root interface is increasingly vital for the successful implementation of this remediation technique. In this study, we investigated the heavy metal and soil solution chemical changes at field moisture, after growth of either Indian mustard （Brassica juncea） or sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.）, in long-term contaminated soils and the subsequent metal uptake by the selected plants. In addition, the fractions of free metal ions in soil solution were determined using the Donnan membrane technique. After plant growth soil solution pH increased by 0.2-1.4 units and dissolved organic carbon （DOC） increased by 1-99 mg L^-1 in all soils examined. Soluble Cd and Zn decreased after Indian mustard growth in all soils examined, and this was attributed to increases in soil solution pH （by 0.9 units） after plant growth. Concentrations of soluble Cu and Pb decreased in acidic soils but increased in alkaline soils. This discrepancy was likely due to a competitive effect between plant-induced pH and DOC changes on the magnitude of metal solubility. The fractions of free Cd and Zn ranged from 7.2% to 32% and 6.4% to 73%, respectively, and they generally decreased as pH and DOC increased after plant growth. Metal uptake by plants was dependant on the soil solution metal concentration, which was governed by changes in pH and DOC induced by plant exudates, rather than on the total metal concentrations. Although plant uptake also varied with metal and soil types, overall soluble metal concentrations in the rhizosphere were mainly influenced by root-induced changes in pH and DOC which subsequently affected the metal uptake by plants.

关键词： bioavailability phytoremediation speciation

Chemodynamics of heavy metals in long-term contaminated soils:Metal speciation in soil solution

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1532-1540页

作者： Kwon-Rae Kim Gary Owens Centre for environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia Climate Change & agroecology division Department of Agricultural Environment National Academy of Agricultural Science

The concentration and speciation of heavy metals in soil solution isolated from long-term contaminated soils were investigated. The soil solution was extracted at 70% maximum water holding capacity （MWHC） after equilibration for 24 h. The free metal concentrations （Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋, and Zn^2＋） in soil solution were determined using the Donnan membrane technique （DMT）. Initially the DMT was validated using artificial solutions where the percentage of free metal ions were significantly correlated with the percentages predicted using MINTEQA2. However, there was a significant difference between the absolute free ion concentrations predicted by MINTEQA2 and the values determined by the DMT. This was due to the significant metal adsorption onto the cation exchange membrane used in the DMT with 20%, 28%, 44%, and 8% mass loss of the initial total concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in solution, respectively. This could result in a significant error in the determination of free metal ions when using DMT if no allowance for membrane cation adsorption was made. Relative to the total soluble metal concentrations the amounts of free Cd^2＋（3%-52%） and Zn^2＋（11%-72%） in soil solutions were generally higher than those of Cu^2＋（0.2%-30%） and Pb^2＋（0.6%-10%）. Among the key soil solution properties, dissolved heavy metal concentrations were the most significant factor governing free metal ion concentrations. Soil solution pH showed only a weak relationship with free metal ion partitioning coefficients （Kp） and dissolved organic carbon did not show any significant influence on Kp.

关键词： Donnan membrane technique free metal ion heavy metals partitioning coefficient solubility speciation

Influence of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) on rhizosphere soil solution chemistry in long-term contaminated soils:A rhizobox study

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第1期22卷 98-105页

作者： Kwon-Rae Kim Gary Owens Soon-lK Kwon Climate Change & agroecology division Department of Agricultural EnvironmentNational Academy of Agricultural ScienceRDARepublic of Korea Centre for environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia

This study investigated the influence of Indian mustard （Brassicajuncea） root exudation on soil solution properties （pH, dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, metal solubility） in the rhizosphere using a rhizobox. Measurement was conducted following the cultivation of Indian mustard in the rhizobox filled four different types of heavy metal contaminated soils （two alkaline soils and two acidic soils）. The growth of Indian mustard resulted in a significant increase （by 0.6 pH units） in rhizosphere soil solution pH of acidic soils and only a slight increase （〈 0.1 pH units） in alkaline soils. Furthermore, the DOC concentration increased by 17-156 mg/L in the rhizosphere regardless of soil type and the extent of contamination, demonstrating the exudation of DOC from root. Ion chromatographic determination showed a marked increase in the total dissolved organic acids （OAs） in rhizosphere. While root exudates were observed in all soils, the amount of DOC and OAs in soil solution varied considerably amongst different soils, resulting in significant changes to soil solution metals in the rhizosphere. For example, the soil solution Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations increased in the rhizosphere of alkaline soils compared to bulk soil following plant cultivation. In contrast, the soluble concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in acidic soils decreased in rhizosphere soil when compared to bulk soils. Besides the influence of pH and DOC on metal solubility, the increase of heavy metal concentration having high stability constant such as Cu and Pb resulted in a release of Cd and Zn from solid phase to liquid phase.

关键词： dissolved organic carbon heavy metals root exudates solubility rhizosphere chemistry

Linking changes in the soil microbial community to C and N dynamics during crop residue decomposition

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第11期20卷 3039-3059页

作者： Cyrine REZGUI Isabelle TRINSOUTROT-GATTIN Marie BENOIT Karine LAVAL Wassila RIAH-ANGLET AGHYLE research Unit UniLaSalleRouen-TeamMont-Saint Aignan 76134France agroecology and environment research Unit IsaraAgroSchool for LifeLyon 69007France

Crop residues are among the main inputs that allow the organic carbon(C)and nutrients to be maintained in agricultural *** is an important management strategy that can improve soil fertility and enhance agricultural *** work aims to evaluate the extent of the changes that may occur in the soil heterotrophic microbial communities involved in organic matter decomposition and C and nitrogen(N)mineralization after the addition of crop *** microcosm experiments were performed at 28℃ for 90 days with the addition of three crop residues with contrasting biochemical qualities:pea(Pisum sativum L.),rapeseed(Brassica napus L.),and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).Enzyme activities,C and N mineralization,and bacterial and fungal biomasses were monitored,along with the bacterial and fungal community composition,by the highthroughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA and ITS *** addition of crop residues caused decreases in β-glucosidase and arylamidase activities and simultaneous enhancement of the C mineralization and net N immobilization,which were linked to changes in the soil microbial *** addition of crop residues decreased the bacterial and fungal biomasses 90 days after treatment and there were shifts in bacterial and fungal diversity at the phyla,order,and genera *** specific orders and genera were dependent on crop residue *** example,Chloroflexales,Inquilinus,Rubricoccus,Clitocybe,and Verticillium were identified in soils with pea residues;whereas Thermoanaerobacterales,Thermacetogenum,and Hypoxylon were enriched in soils with rapeseed residues,and Halanaerobiales,Rubrobacter,and Volutella were only present in soils with wheat *** findings of this study suggest that soil C and N dynamics in the presence of the crop residues were driven by the selection of specific bacterial and fungal decomposers linked to the biochemical qualities of the crop *** crop residue decomposition processes showed specific bacteria

关键词： crop residues C and N mineralization enzyme activities bacterial and fungal diversity

Treatment of tunnel wash waters-experiments with organic sorbent materials. PartⅡ: Removal of toxic metals

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2008年第8期20卷 1042-1045页

作者： PARUCH Adam M ROSETH Roger Bioforsk-the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and environmental research Soil and Environment Division

In the first part of the article, the column and the bag experiments concerning removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nonpolar oil (NPO) from tunnel wash waters using organic sorbent materials have been described. This part presents the results of removal of toxic metals. The metals of concern (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mo, Ni, and Zn) were selected based on the priority toxicant pollutants defined in surface water quality criteria. Concentrations of these metals in the collected effluent...

关键词： electrostatic filters reduction level sorbents tunnel toxic metals treatment efficiency wash water

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Regional Characteristics and Causes of Haze Events in Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第5期28卷 836-850页

作者： CHEN Weiwei ZHANG Shichun TONG Quansong ZHANG Xuelei ZHAO Hongmei MA Siqi XIU Aijun HE Yuexin Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Northeast China experiences severe atmospheric pollution, with an increasing occurrence of heavy haze episodes. However, the underlying forces driving haze formation during different seasons are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics and causes of haze events in Northeast China by combining a range of data sources(i.e., ground monitoring, satellite-based products, and meteorological products). It was found that the ‘Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin(SCH)'city belt was the most polluted area in the region on an annual scale. The spatial distribution of air quality index(AQI) values had a clear seasonality, with the worst pollution occurring in winter, an approximately oval-shaped polluted area around western Jilin Province in spring, and the best air quality occurring in summer and most of the autumn. The three periods that typically experienced intense haze events were Period I from mid-October to mid-November(i.e., late autumn and early winter), Period II from late-December to February(i.e., the coldest time in winter), and Period III from April to mid-May(i.e., spring). During Period I, strong PM_(2.5) emissions from seasonal crop residue burning and coal burning for winter heating were the dominant reasons for the occurrence of extreme haze events(AQI > 300). Period II had frequent heavy haze events(200 < AQI < 300) in the coldest months of January and February, which were due to high PM_(2.5) emissions from coal burning and vehicle fuel consumption, a lower atmospheric boundary layer, and stagnant atmospheric conditions. Haze events in Period III, with high PM_(10) concentrations, were primarily caused by the regional transportation of windblown dust from degraded grassland in central Inner Mongolia and bare soil in western Jilin Province. Local agricultural tilling could also release PM_(10) and enhance the levels of windblown dust from tilled soil. Better control of coal burning, fuel consumption, and crop residue burning in

关键词： air quality PM10 PM2.5 dust agricultural activity coal burning fuel consumption

Effects of Reclamation on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Coastal Wetlands of Liaohe River Delta,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第3期28卷 443-455页

作者： WAN Siang MOU Xiaojie LIU Xingtu Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences

To evaluate the influence of wetland reclamation on vertical distribution of carbon and nitrogen in coastal wetland soils, we measured the soil organic carbon(SOC), soil total nitrogen(STN) and selected soil properties at five sampling plots(reed marsh, paddy field, corn field, forest land and oil-polluted wetland) in the Liaohe River estuary in September 2013. The results showed that reclamation significantly changed the contents of SOC and STN in the Liaohe River estuary(P corn field > paddy field > forest land > reed marsh, with mean values of 52.17, 13.14, 11.46, 6.44 and 6.16 g/kg, respectively. STN followed a similar order as SOC, with mean values of 1351.14, 741.04, 632.32, 496.17 and 390.90 mg/kg, respectively. Interaction of reclamation types and soil depth had significant effects on SOC and STN, while soil depth had significant effects on SOC, but not on STN. The contents of SOC and STN were negatively correlated with pH and redox potential(Eh) in reed marsh and corn field, while the SOC and STN in paddy field had positive correlations with electrical conductivity(EC). Dissolved organic carbon(DOC), ammonium nitrogen(NH_4^+-N) and nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~–-N) were also significantly changed by human activities. NH_4^+-N and NO_3~–-N increased to different degrees, and forest land had the highest NO_3~–-N concentration and lowest DOC concentration, which could have been caused by differences in soil aeration and fertilization. Overall, the results indicate that reed harvest increased soil carbon and nitrogen release in the Liaohe River Estuary, while oil pollution significantly increased the SOC and STN; however, these cannot be used as indicators of soil fertility and quality because of the serious oil pollution.

关键词： coastal wetlands reclamation soil carbon soil nitrogen Liaohe River Delta

Kinetics of Al Evaporation from Liquid U-Al Alloys in Vacuum Induction Melting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第4期31卷 423-426页

作者： Y.J.Duan B.Chen Y.C.Ma K.Liu Materials for Special environment division Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

A research on kinetics of Al evaporation from liquid U—Al alloys was made in a vacuum induction melting（VIM） furnace at 1673—1843 *** evaporation rate of Al was found to be first order with respect to Al content in the *** overall mass transfer coefficient of Al was determined and it was found that the evaporation rate of Al increased with increasing *** apparent activation energy of Al evaporation at 1673-1843 K was 171.5 kJ *** value of mass transfer coefficient of Al in the liquid phase was estimated to be 3.77 × 10-6,7.41×10-6,and 9.40 × 10-6m s-1at 1673,1753,and 1843 K,***,rate determining steps were discussed and it was concluded that the evaporation rate of Al is mainly controlled by liquid phase mass transfer.

关键词： Al evaporation Kinetics Liquid U-Al alloys Mass tr