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A Wind Tunnel Experimental Study on the Wake Characteristics of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Journal of thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 145-158页

作者： GUO Xingduo LI Yinran LI Rennian MA Yulong WEI Kui College of Energy and Power engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Key Laboratory of fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050China Gansu Provincial Technology centre for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050China

The characteristics of wind turbine wakes are influenced by multiple factors,including the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL)wind and wind turbine operating conditions(e.g.,tip speed ratio and yaw angle).In this study,two types of ABL winds with different velocity gradients and turbulence intensities are generated in a wind tunnel through configurations of spires,baffles,and various numbers of roughness elements.A wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 0.8 m and a hub height of 0.6 m is tested under varying tip speed ratios,yaw angles,and ABL wind *** results indicate that the streamwise velocity deficit in the near-wake region becomes more pronounced with an increase in the tip speed ratio,while the far-wake velocity deficit remains largely unaffected by changes in the tip speed *** the yaw angle increases,the wake deflection becomes more prominent and the wake narrows;the offset of the wake center at various downstream positions grows linearly,reaching a maximum value of approximately half the rotor ***,the turbulence level and influence range in the wake region are reduced when the turbine is *** ABL wind conditions,high turbulence intensity in the incoming flow accelerates wake recovery,and the Reynolds stress at different lateral positions tends to become consistent with increasing longitudinal ***,turbulence has a significant impact on the meandering characteristics of the wind turbine wake,with greater fluctuations in the wake center observed under higher turbulence ***,this study provides insights that could inform the optimal operation of wind farms.

关键词： horizontal axis wind turbine wind tunnel experiment wind turbine wake turbulence

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Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic Efficiency:A Computational fluid Dynamics Analysis

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Energy engineering 2025年第1期122卷 153-166页

作者： Rahool Rai Fareed Hussain Mangi Kashif Ahmed Sudhakar Kumaramsay Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia Faculty of engineering Science&Technology Hamdard UniversityKarachi74600Pakistan Electrical engineering Department SUKKUR IBA UniversitySukkur65200Pakistan Berlin School of Business and Innovation BSBI Faculty of Computer Science and InformaticsBerlin12043Germany Automotive engineering centre University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia centre for research in Advanced fluid&Processes(fluid centre) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)Paya BesarKuantan26300PahangMalaysia

The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable *** energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant ***,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight *** study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat *** CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of *** specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction *** finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar *** cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.

关键词： PV module efficiency water film thickness reynolds number CFD analysis PV/T renewable energy

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Innovative dispersion techniques of graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)through mechanical stirring and ultrasonication:Impact on morphological,mechanical,and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第1期43卷 13-25页

作者： Vasi Uddin Siddiqui S.M.Sapuan Mohd Roshdi Hassan Advanced engineering Materials and Composites research centre(AEMC) Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaUPM SerdangSelangor 43400Malaysia Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing engineering Universiti Putra MalaysiaUPM SerdangSelangor 43400Malaysia

Graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)have attracted tremendous interest due to their unique properties and bonding *** study focuses on the effect of GNP dispersion on the mechanical,thermal,and morphological behavior of GNP/epoxy *** study aims to understand how the dispersion of GNPs affects the properties of epoxy nanocomposite and to identify the best dispersion approach for improving mechanical performance.A solvent mixing technique that includes mechanical stirring and ultrasonication was used for producing the *** transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between GNPs and the epoxy *** measurements of density and moisture content were used to confirm that GNPs were successfully incorporated into the *** findings showed that GNPs are successfully dispersed in the epoxy matrix by combining mechanical stirring and ultrasonication in a single step,producing well-dispersed nanocomposites with improved mechanical ***,the nanocomposites at a low GNP loading of 0.1 wt%,demonstrate superior mechanical strength,as shown by increased tensile properties,including improved Young's modulus(1.86 GPa),strength(57.31 MPa),and elongation at break(4.98).The nanocomposite with 0.25 wt%GNP loading performs better,according to the viscoelastic analysis and flexural properties(113.18 MPa).Except for the nanocomposite with a 0.5 wt%GNP loading,which has a higher thermal breakdown temperature,the thermal characteristics do not significantly *** effective dispersion of GNPs in the epoxy matrix and low agglomeration is confirmed by the morphological *** findings help with filler selection and identifying the best dispersion approach,which improves mechanical *** effective integration of GNPs and their interaction with the epoxy matrix provides the doorway for additional investigation and the development of sophisticated *** fiel

关键词： Graphene nanoplatelets Epoxy Nanocomposites Mechanical properties thermal properties Mechanical stirrer Sonication

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Acrylamide drives amidase-mediated gut dysbiosis to aggravate colitis

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Science Bulletin 2025年第2期70卷 157-161页

作者： Daotong Li Yinghua Luo Huimin Fan Li Dong Xiaoying Zhang Yu Feng Meiling Tian Shuqing Zhang Wenjing Chen Lujia Zhang Jianwei Gao Xiangning Ma Xiaofei Wang Chen Ma Ruimao Zheng Xiaosong Hu Jinfeng Wang Fang Chen College of Food Science and Nutritional engineering National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingKey Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables ProcessingMinistry of AgricultureEngineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables ProcessingMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China College of Food Science and Nutritional engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)are chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders that have emerged as a global public health challenge[1].Increased availability and consumption of processed foods is considered as a crucial environmental factor underlying the worldwide prevalence of IBD[2].Nevertheless,how specific components in processed foods contribute to increased risk of IBD has not been ***(AA)is a ubiquitous food-related contaminant formed during thermal processing[3,4].

关键词： diseases prevalence clarified

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Nano-Enhanced Dairy Scum Biodiesel Blends:Unleashing the Power of Aluminium Oxide for Sustainable and Efficient Engine Performance

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Journal of thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 283-302页

作者： Veeranna MODI Prasad B.RAMPURE Sunil Kumar SHETTY Madeva NAGARAL Channa Keshava NAIK N Johar MGM Muhammad Irsyad ABDULLAH Abdullah I.AL-MANSOUR Shamshad ALAM KLE College of engineering and Technology ChikodiVisvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagavi 590018KarnatakaIndia Nitte(Deemed to be University) NMAM Institute of Technology(NMAMIT)Department of Mechanical EngineeringNitte 574110India Aircraft research and Design centre HALBangalore 560037KarnatakaIndia Department of Mechanical engineering BGS College of Engineering and TechnologyBengaluruAffiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagaviIndia Management and Science University Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Department of Civil engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh-11421Saudi Arabia

This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel *** dispersion of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles in B20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of *** number of blends were prepared for the *** Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest(RF)and CatBoost)was used for the *** results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with *** these Fuel blends have higher calorific *** blends exhibited reduced Brake Specific Fuel Consumption(BSFC)of 2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl Ester Biodiesel 20%+Neat Diesel 80%(in volume),DSMEB20),57.14%less CO,40.8% less hydrocarbon,and increased NO_(x)emissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with *** B20NP30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission *** study concludes with findings on enhanced Brake thermal Efficiency(BTE)of 26.29% in 3×10^(-5)(in volume)Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticle-blended DSME B20 and other DSME B20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle *** correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures(BTE,BSFC),and emissions(CO,CO_(2),NO_(x),Smoke)are connected in complex *** results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics ***'s diagram for BTE and BSFC shows that CatBoost-based BTE models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing *** results were obtained for CO and CO_(2)emission results.

关键词： Dairy Scum Methyl Ester Biodiesel CI engine Al_(2)O_(3)concentration

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Automatic and Rapid Throughflow-Based Optimal Design Method for Multi-Stage Axial-Flow Compressors

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Journal of thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 77-91页

作者： LEI Fan ZHANG Xiawen JU Yaping ZHANG Chuhua Department of fluid Machinery and engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Production and Environmental Department China Huaneng Group.Co.Ltd.Beijing 100031China

Throughflow design has the advantages of less time consumption and large optimization space,and thus is the corner stone of advanced design system of multi-stage axial-flow *** majority of relevant studies were limited to the throughflow inverse designs,and quite few works have been till now devoted to the throughflow optimal *** this work,an automatic and rapid throughflow-based optimal design method is proposed for axial-flow compressors in which a throughflow inverse design solver is embedded in optimal genetic algorithm to improve the design efficiency of axial-flow *** types of design parameters in the throughflow inverse design of axial-flow compressors,i.e.,swirl and shroud curve,are simultaneously used to optimize both the blade shape and flow *** proposed method is validated by the redesign optimization of the benchmark axial-flow compressor NASA Stage 35,and the CFD predictions show that the throughflow-based optimization leads to 1.18% efficiency benefit at design *** proposed method is then utilized to the two-dimensional throughflow optimal design of a large-scale 6.5-stage axial-flow industrial *** optimal design results are confirmed by CFD predictions,indicating that the proposed method can effectively improve the design adiabatic efficiency of the compressors by 1.09% within a few minutes on desk-top *** throughflow design implications are also obtained for advanced axial-flow industrial *** work could enhance the capability of throughflow design method and has engineering application value to explore the throughflow optimization space of multi-stage axial-flow compressors.

关键词： multi-stage axial-flow compressor throughflow design empirical correlations genetic algorithm aerodynamic optimization

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Gradient maturation experiment on hairs implies taphonomic changes in fossil hairs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 62-73页

作者： Xin LI Yibo ZHOU Tao ZHAO Xingjian HE Yanhong PAN State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits research Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingCentre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers ScienceSchool of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System ScienceYunnan Key Laboratory for PalaeobiologyYunnan UniversityKunming650500China

Mammalian hair,as a key feature related to endothermy,physical protection,and camouflage,has a long geohistorical record that dates back even to the ***,the limited information on the taphonomy of hair hinders the understanding of its evolutionary significance in deep *** address this,we conducted taphonomic experiments to simulate the transformation process of black *** changes in the morphological structure,microscopic characteristics,and chemical composition of hair during the simulated fossilization process were documented by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,and Raman *** results revealed that damage to the morphology of hair began at a mild temperature(150–175℃),and hair transformed into a fluid-like mass at a relatively high temperature(200℃).In addition,the morphological structure of melanosomes had relatively greater preservation potential than keratins did,and the microscopic features of melanosomes were persistently *** Raman and FTIR spectra indicated that the characteristic melanin and keratin peaks changed as the temperature *** the chemical signals were not lost completely,the variations in the characteristic amide bands in the FTIR spectra indicate that the keratins severely degraded at high temperatures(>200℃),whereas the characteristic melanin bands in the Raman spectra suggested that melanin signals were still recognizable,even at high temperatures(>200℃).These results were confirmed by principal component analysis(PCA)and principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis(PCA–LDA).In addition,the Raman signals of all the samples in the simulated experiments were distinguished from the signals of common geological carbonaceous materials(humic acid),which suggested that Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect melanin in fossils.

关键词： Mammalian hair Melanin Keratin Fossilization Experimental taphonomy

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Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Staged Combustion and NO_x Release Characteristics in Precalciner

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Journal of thermal Science 2019年第5期28卷 1024-1034页

作者： WANG Weishu LIAO Yihan LIU Jun HUANG Zhihao TIAN Miao thermal engineering research centre North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power

In order to study the combustion characteristics in a precalciner, the temperature and composition field in a typical Trinal-sprayed calciner were numerically analysed. The results obtained by simulation were compared to actual measurements and the simulated results were in good agreement with the measured ones. The results indicated that the aerodynamic flow field in the precalciner is satisfactory, and a symmetrical reflux occurs in the shrinkage zone of the precalciner because of air staging, which can increase the residence time of the solid particles. The temperature distribution in the furnace is uniform, and the average temperature is greater than 1200 K, which can satisfy the conditions for the pulverised coal combustion and raw material decomposition. The mass fraction distribution of oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in the precalciner is closely related to the temperature distribution. The concentration of nitrogen oxides(NO_x) exhibits a trend of increasing, decreasing and then increasing, and finally tending to a stable level. Within a certain velocity range, the average temperature in the precalciner and the decomposition efficiency of the raw material increase as the flue gas velocity increases. When the flue gas velocity is 24 m/s, the overall performance of the precalciner is optimal.

关键词： TTF precalciner staged combustion NOx emission characteristics optimization

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Experimental Study on a Hybrid Battery thermal Management System Combining Oscillating Heat Pipe and Liquid Cooling

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年第1期23卷 299-324页

作者： Hongkun Lu M.M.Noor K.Kadirgama School of Automotive engineering Jiangxi Polytechnic UniversityJiujiang332000China Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdul-lahPekan26600Malaysia centre for research in Advanced fluid&Processes Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdul-lahPekan26600Malaysia Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy(ISuRE) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak(UNIMAS)Kota Samarahan94300Malaysia

To improve the thermal performance and temperature uniformity of battery pack,this paper presents a novel battery thermal management system(BTMS)that integrates oscillating heat pipe(OHP)technology with liquid *** primary innovation of the new hybrid BTMS lies in the use of an OHP with vertically arranged evaporator and condenser,enabling dual heat transfer pathways through liquid cooling plate and *** study experimentally investigates the performance characteristics of the⊥-shaped OHP and hybrid *** show that lower filling ratios significantly enhance the OHP’s startup performance but reduce operational stability,with optimal performance achieved at a 26.1%filling ***,as a single working fluid,exhibited superior heat transfer performance under low-load conditions compared to mixed fluids,while the acetone/ethanol mixture,forming a non-azeotropic solution,minimized temperature *** 100 W,the⊥-shaped OHP with a horizontally arranged evaporator demonstrated better heat transfer performance than 2D-OHP *** to a liquid BTMS using water coolant at 280 W,the hybrid BTMS reduced the equivalent thermal resistance(RBTMS)and maximum temperature difference(ΔTmax)by 8.06%and 19.1%,*** graphene nanofluid was used as the coolant in hybrid BTMS,the battery pack’s average temperature(Tb)dropped from 52.2℃ to 47.9℃,with RBTMS andΔTmax decreasing by 20.1%and 32.7%,*** findings underscore the hybrid BTMS’s suitability for high heat load applications,offering a promising solution for electric vehicle thermal management.

关键词： Battery thermal management system oscillating heat pipe liquid cooling hybrid BTMS graphene nanofluid

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Comparative Evaluation and Performance Analysis of Heat Exchangers Featured with Peened Surface

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Journal of thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 50-61页

作者： DINESHBABU Chinnadurai SHIVA SANKARAN Nallasamy VENKATESH RAJAKrishnan VENKATESH Rathinavelu Department of Mechanical engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and TechnologyTamil Nadu-621215India Department of Mechanical engineering Selvam College of TechnologyNamakkalTamil Nadu-637003India Department of Mechanical engineering Sona College of TechnologySalemTamil Nadu-636005India Department of Mechanical engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennai 602105TamilnaduIndia

Heat exchangers have the potential for various engineering applications,and their performance is enriched by surface *** proposed system enriches the heat exchanger's performance by adapting a peened stainless steel(SS)surface blasted with copper,grinding,sand,and *** influences peened SS surface modified with a copper blast,grinding,sandblast,and iron blast on the surface morphology of shell and tube heat exchanger surface(STHE)is analyzed via tungsten heated cathode electron gun featured scanning electron microscope and observed coarse grain *** SS surface featured STHE performance is experimentally evaluated by different flow rates(30,60,90,and 120 L/min)underwater fluid medium functioned by the temperature ranges of 25-75℃ and its results are compared with computational fluid dynamic(CFD)/heat transfer research(HTRI)analyzed *** 60 L/min flow rate was spotted as an optimum value for both shell and tube side *** STHE is operated with a 60 L/min flow rate under the different peened surfaces and evaluated its Stanton number,Nusselt number,logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMTD),overall heat transfer coefficient,number of transfer units(NTU),effectiveness,and exergy *** iron blasted SS peened surface was observed to have better SHTE performance like Stanton number(0.0012),Nusselt number(2180),reduced LMTD of 31℃,improved overall heat transfer co-efficient of 2400 W/(m^(2)·K),better NTU of 0.5532,good effectiveness value of 0.45162,and hiked exergy efficiency of 10% respectively.

关键词： penned surface performance analysis stainless steel shell and tube heat exchanger

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