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Ferroptosis:copper-iron connection in cuprizone-induced demyelination

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Neural Regeneration research 2022年第1期17卷 89-90页

作者： Priya Jhelum Samuel David centre for research in Neuroscience and Brain Program The Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada

Redox active metals such as iron,copper,zinc,and manganese play important roles in promoting a variety of biochemical reactions essential for cellular function.This is made possible by the ability of these metals to accept and donate electrons.Iron in the form of iron-sulfur clusters and heme plays a key role in adenosine triphosphate generation in mitochondria as well as numerous other enzymatic reactions.On the other hand.

关键词： function. copper metals

A deep learning approach for spatial error correction of numerical seasonal weather prediction simulation data

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Big Earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 231-250页

作者： Stelios Karozis Iraklis A.Klampanos Athanasios Sfetsos Diamando Vlachogiannis Environmental research Laboratory(EREL) INRaSTESNational Centre for Scientific Research“Demokritos”AthensGreece Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications National Centre for Scientific Research“Demokritos”AthensGreece

Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP)simulations produce meteorological data in various spatial and temporal scales,depending on the application requirements.In the current study,a deep learning approach,based on convolutional autoencoders,is explored to effectively correct the error of the NWP simulation.An undercomplete convolutional autoencoder(CAE)is applied as part of the dynamic error correction of NWP data.This work is an attempt to improve the seasonal forecast(3-6 months ahead)data accuracy for Greece using a global reanalysis dataset(that incorporates observations,satellite imaging,etc.)of higher spatial resolution.More specifically,the publically available Meteo France Seasonal(Copernicus platform)and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)Final Analysis(FNL)(NOAA)datasets are utilized.In addition,external information is used as evidence transfer,concerning the time conditions(month,day,and season)and the simulation characteristics(initialization of simulation).It is found that convolutional autoencoders help to improve the resolution of the seasonal data and successfully reduce the error of the NWP data for 6-months ahead forecasting.Interestingly,the month evidence yields the best agreement indicating a seasonal dependence of the performance.

关键词： Seasonal weather prediction neural networks convolutional autoencoder evidence transfer

One Health: navigating plague in Madagascar amidst COVID-19

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 67-72页

作者： Ritik Agrawal Jogesh Murmu Sweta Pattnaik Srikanta Kanungo Sanghamitra Pati ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre BhubaneswarOdishaIndia

Background Africa sees the surge of plague cases in recent decades,with hotspots in the Democratic Republic of Congo,Madagascar,and Peru.A rodent-borne scourge,the bacterial infection known as plague is transmitted to humans via the sneaky bites of fleas,caused by Yersinia pestis.Bubonic plague has a case fatality rate of 20.8%with treatment,but in places such as Madagascar the mortality rate can increase to 40–70%without treatment.Main text Tragedy strikes in the Ambohidratrimo district as three lives are claimed by the plague outbreak and three more fight for survival in the hospitals,including one man in critical condition,from the Ambohimiadana,Antsaharasty,and Ampanotokana communes,bringing the total plague victims in the area to a grim to five.Presently,the biggest concern is the potential plague spread among humans during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Effective disease control can be achieved through training and empowering local leaders and healthcare providers in rural areas,implementing strategies to reduce human–rodent interactions,promoting water,sanitation and hygiene practices(WASH)practices,and carrying out robust vector,reservoir and pest control,diversified animal surveillance along with human surveillance should be done to more extensively to fill the lacunae of knowledge regarding the animal to human transmission.The lack of diagnostic laboratories equipped represents a major hurdle in the early detection of plague in rural areas.To effectively combat plague,these tests must be made more widely available.Additionally,raising awareness among the general population through various means such as campaigns,posters and social media about the signs,symptoms,prevention,and infection control during funerals would greatly decrease the number of cases.Furthermore,healthcare professionals should be trained on the latest methods of identifying cases,controlling infections and protecting themselves from the disease.Conclusions Despite being endemic to Madagascar,the outbreak’s pace is unparalleled,and it ma

关键词： Plague Madagascar WASH Surveillance Animal surveillance One Health Yersinia pestis Early warning

基于迁移光子雪崩效应的单束低功率激光三维多色超分辨显微成像技术

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 458-465页

作者：朱志旻梁宇森赵琪吴蕙潘彬雄乔书倩王保举詹求强 centre for Optical and Electromagnetic research Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information PerceptionSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

The development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is very essential for understanding the physical and biological fundamentals at nanometer scale.However,to date most super-resolution modalities require either complicated/costly purpose-built systems such as multiple-beam architectures or complex post-processing procedures with intrinsic artifacts.Achieving three-dimensional(3D)or multi-channel sub-diffraction microscopic imaging using a simple method remains a challenging and struggling task.Herein,we proposed 3D highly-nonlinear super-resolution microscopy using a singlebeam excitation strategy,and the microscopy principle was modelled and studied based on the ultrahigh nonlinearity enabled by photon avalanches.According to the simulation,the point spread function of highly nonlinear microscopy is switchable among different modes and can shrink three-dimensionally to sub-diffraction scale at the photon avalanche mode.Experimentally,we demonstrated 3D optical nanoscopy assisted with huge optical nonlinearities in a simple laser scanning configuration,achieving a lateral resolution down to 58 nm(λ/14)and an axial resolution down to 185 nm(λ/5)with one single beam of low-power,continuous-wave,near-infrared laser.We further extended the photon avalanche effect to many other emitters to develop multi-color photon avalanching nanoprobes based on migrating photon avalanche mechanism,which enables us to implement single-beam dual-color sub-diffraction super-resolution microscopic imaging.

关键词： Super-resolution microscopy Nonlinear optics Upconversion nanoparticles Photon avalanches

Long-term changes in a small mammal community in a temperate zone meadow subject to seasonal floods and habitat transformation

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 443-455页

作者： Linas BALCIAUSKAS Laima BALCIAUSKIENE Laboratory of Mammalian Ecology Nature Research CentreVilniusLithuania

We tested small mammal(SM)community response to the influence of seasonal floods and habitat transformation in a temporal zone meadow(west Lithuania).The habitat transitioned from a natural flooded meadow in 2008–2012 to a mowed and pastured area in 2020.SM were trapped in late summer to autumn using lines of 25 traps(145 in total),the number of trapping sessions being one or several per year.We tested the hypotheses that:(1)any reaction to the multiple disturbances is species-specific,that is,the relative abundance of SM species and their proportion in the community differs with respect to the flood magnitude and habitat transformation,and(2)at the guild level,disturbances favor habitat generalists,thereby changing the characteristics of SM community.The average relative density of SM was 20.25 individuals per 100 trap nights(range 7.56–40.67),with 4-year-long cyclical changes of density observed.In separate years,we recorded from 4 to 9 species;Shannon’s diversity index varied from 0.46 to 2.19,with expressed change of the dominant species.Habitat generalist species were favored,while habitat specialists were disadvantaged.As the meadow transformation progressed,unfavored states in the SM community prevailed,with excessive numbers of granivore and herbivore species present.Our study suggests that multiple disturbances may lead to an increase in relative abundance,species richness,and diversity within the SM assemblages.

关键词： agricultural transformation diversity floods small mammals species richness

Antidiarrheal and protein conservative activities of Psidium guajava in diarrheal rats

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第1期17卷 57-65页

作者： Khaled M.M.Koriem Mahmoud S.Arbidb Hend N.Saleh Department of Medical Physiology National Research Centre Department of Pharmacology National Research Centre Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

Objective: Psidium guajava occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used to treat inflammation, diabetes, fever, hypertension and ulcers. However, its antidiarrheal and protein conservative activities still need to be investigated.Methods: Fifty-four male rats were divided into normal and diarrheal rats. The normal rats were divided into 4 groups: control, low-dose P. guajava leaf extract(50 mg/kg), high-dose P. guajava leaf extract(100 mg/kg) and gallic acid. Treatments were administrated orally in 1 mL saline for a 1-month period.The diarrheal rats were divided into 5 groups: desmopressin(0.2 mg/kg) drug, low-dose P. guajava leaf extract(50 mg/kg), high-dose P. guajava leaf extract(100 mg/kg), gallic acid and an untreated control.Doses were given daily for a 1-month period while the untreated control received no treatment.Results: Diarrhea was responsible for an observed decline in kidney weight and serum sodium, potassium and chloride. Further, diarrhea was positively correlated with a significant increase in urine volume, and excretion of electrolytes, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid in the urine. In contrast, there was a proportional increase in the lipid peroxidation value in diarrhea and a significant decline was observed in serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione levels in diarrhea. Also, diarrhea inhibited blood proteins. The oral intake of P. guajava leaf extract by diarrheal rats restored all of these parameters to near normal levels. High-dose P. guajava leaf extract was more effective than the same compound at a low dose.Conclusion: P. guajava leaf extract elicited antidiarrheal and protein conservative effects.

关键词： Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Diarrhea Proteins Antioxidant

Experimental investigation on concrete overlaid with textile reinforced mortar:Influences of mix,temperature,and chemical exposure

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 271-283页

作者： Smitha GOPINATH Ramesh GOPAL Hemalatha THIYAGARAJAN CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre Chennai 600113India

Textile reinforced mortar is widely used as an overlay for the repair,rehabilitation,and retrofitting of concrete structures.Recently,textile reinforced concrete has been identified as a suitable lining material for improving the durability of existing concrete structures.In this study,we developed a textile-reinforced mortar mix using river sand and evaluated the different characteristics of the textile-reinforced mortar under various exposure conditions.Studies were carried out in two phases.In the first phase,the pullout strength,temperature resistance,water absorption,and compressive and bending strength values of three different textile-reinforced mortar mixes with a single type of textile reinforcement were investigated.In the second phase,the chemical resistance of the mix that showed the best performance in the abovementioned tests was examined for use as an overlay for a concrete substrate.Investigations were performed on three different thicknesses of the textile reinforced mortar overlaid on concrete specimens that were subjected to acidic and alkaline environments.The flexural responses and degradations of the textile reinforced mortar overlaid specimens were examined by performing bending tests.The experimental findings indicated the feasibility of using textile reinforced mortar as an overlay for durable concrete construction practices.

关键词： textile reinforced mortar bending tests acid and alkaline environment concrete overlay

Comprehensive semen examination in patients with pancreatic-sufficient and pancreatic-insufficient cystic fibrosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第5期25卷 591-597页

作者： Anna O Sedova Maria I Shtaut Elizaveta E Bragina Tatyana M Sorokina Galina V Shmarina Marina V Andreeva Lyubov E Kurilo Stanislav A Krasovskiy Aleksander V Polyakov Vyacheslav B Chernykh Research Centre for Medical Genetics Moskvorechie Street 1 Moscow 115522

We examined a cohort of 93 cystic fibrosis(CF)male patients who were pancreatic-sufficient(PS-CF;n=40)or pancreatic-insufficient(PI-CF;n=53).Complex semen examination was performed,including standard semen analysis,quantitative karyological analysis(QKA)of immature germ cells(IGCs),transmission electronic microscopy(TEM),biochemical analysis,and sperm DNA fragmentation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labeling(TUNEL)assay.Azoospermia was diagnosed in 83(89.2%)patients.The other 10(10.8%)patients were found to be nonazoospermic and showed various spermatological diagnoses(asthenozoospermia,n=2;asthenoteratozoospermia,n=3;oligoasthenozoospermia,n=1;oligoasthenoteratozoospermia,n=3;and normozoospermia,n=1)with no specific morphological abnormalities.Oligospermia was detected in 89.2%azoospermic and 30.0%nonazoospermic patients.Low seminal pH(30%)of spermatozoa with noncondensed(“immature”)chromatin was revealed in 2 of 6 nonazoospermic semen samples analyzed by TEM.

关键词： congenital bilateral agenesia/aplasia of vas deferens cystic fibrosis cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene semen spermatozoa

Which are the most favourable conditions for reducing soil CO_(2)emissions with no-tillage?Results from a meta-analysis

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2022年第3期10卷 497-506页

作者： Simone Bregaglio Gabriele Mongiano Rossana M.Ferrara Fabrizio Ginaldi Alessandra Lagomarsino Gianfranco Rana CREA-Council for Agricultural research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentI-40128BolognaItaly CREA-Council for Agricultural research and Economics Research Centre for Plant Protection and CertificationSS 11 km 2500I-13100VercelliItaly CREA-Council for Agricultural research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentI-70125BariItaly CREA-Council for Agricultural research and Economics Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentI-50125FirenzeItaly

No-tillage practices have a recognised beneficial impact on soil and water conservation while reducing erosion processes and enhancing soil organic matter content.However,scientists continue to debate the effectiveness of no-tillage in reducing soil carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from farming.Following the same line of inquiry pursued by the authors who reviewed the impact of conservative practices on direct CO_(2)emissions,we applied meta-analytic and machine learning techniques to unravel the effect of no-tillage under contrasting pedo-environmental conditions and agricultural management.We analysed fifty-six experimental studies investigating direct soil CO_(2)emissions from no-tillage and conventional tillage practices(102 paired observations),considering pedological(soil texture,soil organic carbon content),environmental(climate type),and management(crop rotation,experiment duration)factors.We estimated the effect of different practices on the daily amount of soil CO_(2)emissions,and the impact of tillage in the period immediately following the event.The main insights of this study are:(i)the conditions leading to the highest reduction of CO_(2)emissions due to no-tillage were long-term experiments(standardised mean differenceβ=0.64)conducted in arid environments(β=0.76)and clay soils(β=0.81),with low organic carbon content(β=0.79)where crop rotations(β=0.65)were performed;(ii)the same conditions were associated with the lowest absolute CO_(2)emissions,irrespective of soil management;(iii)the highest contribution to the variability of absolute soil CO_(2)emissions was associated with soil texture(mean decrease in accuracy of Random Forest models,MDA=4.57),rotation(MDA=3.07),experiment duration(MDA=2.93)and soil organic carbon content(MDA=2.24),rather than to tillage practices;(iv)soil CO_(2)emissions almost doubled in the first day after a tillage event,consistently across studies(p=0.001).This meta-analysis offers quantitative figures on the impact of tillage practices on soil CO_(2)emissions and releases

关键词： Agricultural soils Greenhouse gases Global warming Net-zero agriculture