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Gradient maturation experiment on hairs implies taphonomic changes in fossil hairs

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 62-73页

作者： Xin LI Yibo ZHOU Tao ZHAO Xingjian HE Yanhong PAN State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits research Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Institute of palaeontology Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science Yunnan Key Laboratory for PalaeobiologyYunnan University

Mammalian hair, as a key feature related to endothermy, physical protection, and camouflage, has a long geohistorical record that dates back even to the Mesozoic. However, the limited information on the taphonomy of hair hinders the understanding of its evolutionary significance in deep time. To address this, we conducted taphonomic experiments to simulate the transformation process of black hair. The changes in the morphological structure, microscopic characteristics, and chemical composition of hair during the simulated fossilization process were documented by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results revealed that damage to the morphology of hair began at a mild temperature(150–175°C), and hair transformed into a fluid-like mass at a relatively high temperature(200°C). In addition, the morphological structure of melanosomes had relatively greater preservation potential than keratins did, and the microscopic features of melanosomes were persistently stable. The Raman and FTIR spectra indicated that the characteristic melanin and keratin peaks changed as the temperature increased. Although the chemical signals were not lost completely, the variations in the characteristic amide bands in the FTIR spectra indicate that the keratins severely degraded at high temperatures(>200°C), whereas the characteristic melanin bands in the Raman spectra suggested that melanin signals were still recognizable, even at high temperatures(>200°C). These results were confirmed by principal component analysis(PCA) and principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis(PCA–LDA). In addition, the Raman signals of all the samples in the simulated experiments were distinguished from the signals of common geological carbonaceous materials(humic acid), which suggested that Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect melanin in fossils.

关键词： Mammalian hair Melanin Keratin Fossilization Experimental taphonomy

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Emerging trends in the selective production of value-added aromatics

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 15-20页

作者： Yuchao Wu Houliang Dai Weisheng Yang Yaxing Li Lichen Liu Petrochemical research Institute Company Limited China National Petroleum Corporation Engineering research center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University

1 Introduction Aromatics (mainly benzene, toluene, and xylenes, BTX) are essential intermediates in the chemical industry. They are employed in the synthesis of a broad spectrum of chemicals and materials, e.g., various polymers, plastics, resins, solvents, dyes, pharmaceuticals [1]. The manufacturing pathway of BTX mainly includes petroleum reforming of naphtha, coal-to-aromatics, methanol-to-aromatics [2].

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Prediction and optimization of flue pressure in sintering process based on SHAP

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 346-359页

作者： Mingyu Wang Jue Tang Mansheng Chu Quan Shi Zhen Zhang School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Liaoning Low-Carbon Steelmaking Technology Engineering research center Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Engineering research center of Frontier Technologies for Low-Carbon Steelmaking(Ministry of Education) Shenyang 110819China

Sinter is the core raw material for blast *** pressure,which is an important state parameter,affects sinter *** this paper,flue pressure prediction and optimization were studied based on the shapley additive explanation(SHAP)to predict the flue pressure and take targeted adjustment ***,the sintering process data were collected and processed.A flue pressure prediction model was then constructed after comparing different feature selection methods and model algorithms using SHAP+extremely random-ized trees(ET).The prediction accuracy of the model within the error range of±0.25 kPa was 92.63%.SHAP analysis was employed to improve the interpretability of the prediction *** effects of various sintering operation parameters on flue pressure,the relation-ship between the numerical range of key operation parameters and flue pressure,the effect of operation parameter combinations on flue pressure,and the prediction process of the flue pressure prediction model on a single sample were analyzed.A flue pressure optimization module was also constructed and analyzed when the prediction satisfied the judgment *** operating parameter combination was then *** flue pressure was increased by 5.87%during the verification process,achieving a good optimization effect.

关键词： sintering process flue pressure shapley additive explanation prediction optimization

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ImSpiRE: image feature-aided spatial resolution enhancement method

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 272-283页

作者： Yuwei Hua Yizhi Zhang Zhenming Guo Shan Bian Yong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Medical Innovation center Institute for Regenerative MedicineDepartment of NeurosurgeryShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University

The resolution of most spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies usually cannot attain the single-cell level, limiting their applications in biological discoveries. Here, we introduce ImSpiRE, an image feature-aided spatial resolution enhancement method for in situ capturing spatial transcriptome. Taking the information stored in histological images, ImSpiRE solves an optimal transport problem to redistribute the expression profiles of spots to construct new transcriptional profiles with enhanced resolution, together with extending the gene expression profiles into unmeasured regions. Applications to multiple datasets confirm that ImSpiRE can enhance spatial resolution to the subspot level while contributing to the discovery of tissue domains, signaling communication patterns, and spatiotemporal characterization.

关键词： spatial transcriptome histological images spatial resolution enhancement

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Co-production of hydrogen, oxygen, and electricity via an integrated solar-driven system with decoupled water electrolyzer and Na-Zn ion battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 621-627页

作者： Fei Lv Longjie Liu Jiazhe Wu Pengfei Wang Lixia Pan Dengwei Jing Yubin Chen International research center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

Combining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co-production of hydrogen （H2） and ***,the design and development of such systems is still in its ***,an integrated hydrogen-oxygen （O2）-electricity co-production system featuring a bipolar membrane-assisted decoupled electrolyzer and a Na-Zn ion battery was established with sodium nickelhexacyanoferrate （NaNiHCF） and Zn2+/Zn as dual redox *** decoupled electrolyzer enables to produce H2and O2in different time and space with almost 100%Faradaic efficiency at 100 mA ***,the charged NaNiHCF and Zn electrodes after the electrolysis processes formed a Na-Zn ion battery,which can generate electricity with an average cell voltage of 1.75 V at 10 m A *** connecting Si photovoltaics with the modular electrochemical device,a well-matched solar driven system was built to convert the intermittent solar energy into hydrogen and electric energy with a solar to hydrogen-electricity efficiency of 16.7%,demonstrating the flexible storage and conversion of renewables.

关键词： Hydrogen Electricity Decoupled water electrolyzer Na-Zn ion battery Solar energy

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The emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to ameliorate hippocampal NLRP3 inflammation induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescence

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1153-1163页

作者： Susana Mellado María JoséMorillo-Bargues Carla Perpiñá-Clérigues Francisco García-García Victoria Moreno-Manzano Consuelo Guerri María Pascual Department of Physiology School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit Príncipe Felipe Research CenterValenciaSpain Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory Príncipe Felipe Research CenterValenciaSpain

Our previous studies have reported that activation of the NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)-inflammasome complex in ethanol-treated astrocytes and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associated with neuroinflammation and brain *** stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(MSC-EVs)have been shown to restore the neuroinflammatory response,along with myelin and synaptic structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex,and alleviate cognitive and memory dysfunctions induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent *** the therapeutic role of the molecules contained in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,the present study analyzed whether the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose tissue,which inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,was capable of reducing hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent mice treated with binge *** demonstrated that the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated the activation of the hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome complex and other NLRs inflammasomes(e.g.,pyrin domain-containing 1,caspase recruitment domain-containing 4,and absent in melanoma 2,as well as the alterations in inflammatory genes(interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,inducible nitric oxide synthase,nuclear factor-kappa B,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and C–X3–C motif chemokine ligand 1)and miRNAs(miR-21a-5p,miR-146a-5p,and miR-141-5p)induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent *** analysis further revealed the involvement of miR-21a-5p and miR-146a-5p with inflammatory target genes and NOD-like receptor signaling *** together,these findings provide novel evidence of the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs to ameliorate the hippocampal neuroinflammatory response associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by binge drinking in adolescence.

关键词： adolescence binge-like ethanol treatment extracellular vesicles hippocampus mesenchymal stem cells neuroinflammation NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)

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Engineering nanoparticle structure at synergistic Ru-Na interface for integrated CO2 capture and hydrogenation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 779-791页

作者： Hanzi Liu Ling Cen Xinlin Xie Lei Liu Zhao Sun Zhiqiang Sun Hunan Engineering research center of Clean and Low-Carbon Energy Technology School of Energy Science and Engineering Central South University

The development of dual functional material for cyclic CO2capture and hydrogenation is of great significance for converting diluted CO2into valuable fuels,but suffers from kinetic limitation and deactivation of adsorbent and ***,we engineered a series of RuNa/γ-Al2O3materials,varying the size of ruthenium from single atoms to clusters/*** coordination environment and structure sensitivity of ruthenium were quantitatively investigated at atomic *** findings reveal that the reduced Ru nanoparticles,approximately 7.1 nm in diameter with a Ru-Ru coordination number of 5.9,exhibit high methane formation activity and selectivity at 340°*** Ru-Na interfacial sites facilitate CO2migration through a deoxygenation pathway,involving carbonate dissociation,carbonyl formation,and ***-situ experiments and theoretical calculations show that stable carbonyl intermediates on metallic Ru nanoparticles facilitate heterolytic C–O scission and C–H bonding,significantly lowering the energy barrier for activating stored CO2.

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

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Numerical Study of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Shell-and-Tube Molten Salt Electric Heater with Circularly Perforated Baffles

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 24-33页

作者： LIN Yongjie ZHANG Cancan WU Yuting ZHANG Yi LU Yuanwei Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion National User-Side Energy Storage Innovation Research and Development CenterBeijing University of Technology

Numerical simulations of the flow and heat transfer characteristics of four shell-and-tube molten salt electric heaters with different perforation rates was ***-and-tube electric heaters have the same geometry and tube arrangement,and all of them use single segmental baffles,but there exist four different baffle openings（φ）,i.e.,0%,2.52%,4.06%,and 6.31%.The results indicated that the reasonable baffle opening could significantly reduce the shell-side pressure drop,effectively decreasing the shell-side flow dead zone *** can eliminate the local high-temperature phenomenon on the surface of electric heating tubes,but the heat transfer coefficient is slightly *** perforated schemes significantly reduce shell-side pressure drop compared to the baseline solution without open *** particular,the φ=6.31% scheme exhibits the optimal performance among all the schemes,with a maximum reduction of up to 50.50% in shell-side pressure drop relative to the unopened holes *** heat transfer coefficient is the highest for φ=0%,exhibiting a range of5.26% to 5.73%,5.14% to 5.99%,and 7.31% to 8.54% higher than φ=2.52%,4.06%,and 6.31%,respectively,within the calculated *** composite index h/（Δp）1/3was higher for all open-hole solutions than that for the unopened-hole *** best overall performance was for φ=6.31%,which improved the composite index by15.29% to 17.18% over the unopened-hole solution.

关键词： molten salt electric heater perforated baffles heat transfer

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Constructing Pr-doped CoOOH catalytic sites for efficient electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 234-244页

作者： Botao Fan Hao Zhang Bang Gu Feng Qiu Qiue Cao Wenhao Fang School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University National center for International research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials School of Materials and Energy Yunnan University

Electrocatalytic conversion of renewable biomass is emerging as a promising route for sustainable chemical production;hence it urgently calls for developing efficient electrocatalysts with low potentials and high current ***,a Pr-doped Co（OH）2hexagonal sheet （Pr/Co=1/9,in mole） is synthesized by electrodeposition as highly performant catalyst for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural （HMF） oxidation reaction（HMFOR） to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid （FDCA）.This novel and low-cost catalyst possesses a rather low onset potential of 1.05 V （***） and requires only 1.10 V （***） to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2for HMFOR,significantly outperforming Co（OH）2benchmark (i.e.,210 mV higher to reach10 m A cm-2).The origin of Pr promotion effect as well as the evolution of CoOOH catalytic sites and HMFOR process has been deeply elucidated by physical characterizations,kinetic experiments,in situ electrochemical techniques,and theoretical *** unique Pr-ameliorated CoOOH active centers enable 100%conversion of HMF,99.6%selectivity of FDCA,and 99.7%Faraday efficiency,with a superior cycling durability toward *** can be one of the most outstanding results for Co-based HMFOR catalysts to date in the *** this work can help open up new horizons for constructing novel and efficient Co-based electrocatalysts by the utilization of lanthanide elements.

关键词： Bioconversion

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Exosomes:the next-generation therapeutic platform for ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1221-1235页

作者： Wenjing Yin Hongyin Ma Yang Qu Jiaxin Ren Yingying Sun Zhen-Ni Guo Yi Yang Stroke center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Neuroscience research center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional ***,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this *** are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological *** have low immunogenicity,good stability,high delivery efficiency,and the ability to cross the blood–brain *** physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic *** rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes,which can effectively improve targeting ability,enhance therapeutic efficacy,and minimize the dosages *** in technology have also driven clinical translational research on *** this review,we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke,including their antiinflammation,anti-apoptosis,autophagy-regulation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and glial scar formation reduction ***,it is worth noting that,despite their significant therapeutic potential,there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified *** optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic ***,our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.

关键词： blood–brain barrier electroacupuncture engineering exercise exosomes ischemic stroke mesenchymal stem cells microglia neuroprotection stents

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