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Bioenergy recovery and carbon emissions benefits of short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment on low organic sewage sludge anaerobic digestion:A pilot-scale study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 321-335页

作者： Hui Wang Xiang Fu Haozhe Huang Danni Shen Dongdong Fan Liming Zhu Xiaohu Dai Bin Dong College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering research center China Three Gorges CorporationBeijing 100038China Yangtze River Eco-Environmental Engineering research center Shanghai InvestigationDesign and Research Institute Co.LTDShanghai 200092China China Construction Third Engineering Bureau First Engineering Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430000China

Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion(CAD).Therefore,this paper is on a pilot scale,a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion(BTPAD)for low organic sludge(volatile solids(VS)of 4%)was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 *** VS degradation rate and CH_(4) yield of BTPAD increased by 19.93%and 53.33%,respectively,compared to those of *** analysis of organic compositions in sludge revealed that BTPAD mainly improved the hydrolysis of proteins in *** analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment was enriched in Clostridiales,Coprothermobacter and Gelria,was capable of hydrolyzing acidified proteins,and provided more volatile fatty acid(VFA)for the subsequent *** combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the number of bacteria with high methanogenic capacity in BTPAD was much higher than that in CAD during the medium temperature digestion stage,indicating that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could provide better methanogenic conditions for ***,the greenhouse gas emission footprint analysis showed that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could reduce the carbon emission of sludge anaerobic digestion system by 19.18%.

关键词： Sludge Anaerobic digestion Bio-thermophilic pretreatment Pilot scale Molecular microbiology Carbon emissions

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Factors affecting smallholder farmers' adaptive capacity to climate change:A comparative study of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第2期35卷 359-381页

作者： CHAPAGAIN Prem Sagar BANSKOTA Tibendra Raj SHRESTHA Shobha ZHANG Yili YAN Jianzhong RAI Suresh Chand ISLAM Md Nurul LIU Linshan MANDAL Umesh Kumar PAUDEL Basanta KHANAL Narendra Raj THASINEKU Om Chandra Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research CAS College of Resource and Environment Southwest University Department of Geography Delhi School of Economics University of Delhi Department of Geography & Environment Jahangirnagar University research center for Educational Innovation and Development (CERID) Tribhuvan University

Agriculture, significantly impacted by climate change and climate variability, serves as the primary livelihood for smallholder farmers in South Asia. This study aims to examine and evaluate the factors influencing smallholder farmers' adaptive capacity(AC) in addressing these risks through surveys from 633 households across Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. The findings reveal that AC is influenced by various indicators categorized under eight principal factors. The first three factors, which explain about one-third of the variance in each country,include distinct significant indicators for each nation: in Nepal, these indicators are landholding size, skill-development training, knowledge of improved seed varieties, number of income sources, access to markets, and access to financial institutions; in India, they encompass access to agricultural-input information, knowledge of seed varieties, access to markets, access to crop insurance, changing the sowing/harvesting times of crops, and access to financial services; in Bangladesh, the key factors are access to financial institutions, community cooperation, changing the sowing/harvesting times of crops, knowledge of improved seed varieties,and access to agricultural-input information. Notably, indicators such as trust in weather information, changing sowing/harvesting times of crops, and crop insurance were identified as important determinants of AC, which have been overlooked in previous studies.

关键词： adaptive capacity Bangladesh climate change India Nepal PCA rain-fed agriculture smallholder

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Astragali Radix-Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma medicine pair prevents cardiac remodeling by improving mitochondrial dynamic balance

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2025年第1期23卷 54-63页

作者： Pingping Lin Hong Chen Zekun Cui Boyang Yu Junping Kou Fang Li Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational research Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University

Astragali Radix(AR) and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(NR) are frequently employed in cardiovascular disease treatment. However, the efficacy of the AR-NR medicine pair(AN) in improving cardiac remodeling and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate AN's cardioprotective effect and potential mechanism on cardiac remodeling using transverse aortic constriction(TAC) in mice and angiotensin II(Ang II)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes(NRCMs) and fibroblasts in vitro. High-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) characterized 23 main components of AN. AN significantly improved cardiac function in the TAC-induced mice. Furthermore, AN considerably reduced the serum levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-pro BNP), cardiac troponin T(CTn-T), and interleukin-6(IL-6) and mitigated inflammatory cell infiltration. Post-AN treatment, TAC-induced heart size approached normal. AN decreased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and attenuated the upregulation of cardiac hypertrophy marker genes(ANP, BNP, and MYH7) in vivo and in ***, AN alleviated collagen deposition in TAC-induced mice. AN also reduced the expression of fibrosis-related indicators(COL1A1 and COL3A1) and inhibited the activation of the transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3(Smad3) pathway. Thus, AN improved TAC-induced cardiac remodeling. Moreover, AN downregulated p-dynamin-related protein(Drp1)(Ser616) expression and upregulated mitogen 2(MFN-2) and optic atrophy 1(OPA1) expression in vivo and in vitro, thereby restoring mitochondrial fusion and fission balance. In conclusion, AN improves cardiac remodeling by regulating mitochondrial dynamic balance, providing experimental data for the rational application of Chinese medicine prescriptions with AN as the main component in clinical practice.

关键词： Astragali Radix−Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma medicine pair Cardiac fibrosis Cardiac hypertrophy Mitochondrial dynamics Transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 pathway

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Unwanted disorders and xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease in experimental immunodeficient mice:How to evaluate and how to report

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2025年第1期8卷 20-29页

作者： Seyed Mostafa Monzavi Samad Muhammadnejad Vahid Mansouri Hami Ashraf Naser Ahmadbeigi Gene Therapy research center Digestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran INSERM U981 Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance Chronic Respiratory Diseases research center National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases(NRITLD)Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Human-derived tumor models are essential for preclinical development of new anti-cancer drug *** animal models bearing tumors of human origin,such as patient-derived or cell line-derived xenograft tumors,is dependent on immuno-deficient ***-bearing immunodeficient mice are susceptible to develop-ing unwanted disorders primarily irrelevant to the tumor nature;and if get involved with such disorders,reliability of the study results will be undermined,inevitably con-founding the research in ***,a rigorous health surveillance and clinical monitoring system,along with the establishment of a strictly controlled barrier facility to maintain a pathogen-free state,are *** if all pathogen control and biosafety measures are followed,there are various noninfectious disorders capable of causing tissue and multiorgan damage in immunodeficient ***,the re-searchers should be aware of sentinel signs to carefully monitor and impartially report *** review discusses clinical signs of common unwanted disorders in experi-mental immunodeficient mice,and how to examine and report them.

关键词： animal models graft-versus-host disease health surveillance preclinical drug evaluation xenograft model antitumor assays

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Timing of biomarker changes preceding Alzheimer's disease:for diagnosis,treatment or prevention?

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 575-577页

作者： Meina Quan Innovation center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China National Medical center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical research center for Geriatric Diseases Beijing 100053China center of Alzheimer’s Disease Beijing Institute of Brain DisordersCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing 100053China

The pathophysiological and behavioural features of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have been extensively investigated in transgenic mouse models,including the temporal sequence of each pathophysiological change and behavioural abnormality,a summary of which was recently presented by our team in this Journal(Li et al.,2023).Nevertheless,studying such features and timings directly in human patients before symptoms occur is challenging.

关键词： prevention Alzheimer diagnosis

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Carbon Emission Effects of Land Use Structure Changes and Their Driving Factors:A Case Study of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2025年第1期16卷 132-147页

作者： YIN Chuanbin ZENG Si LIU Dan School of Information Management and mathematics Jiangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanchang 330032China School of Finance and Public Administration Jiangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanchang 330013China

Land use structure is an important factor affecting carbon *** the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(MRYRUA)as an example,this study uses transfer matrix,the carbon emission coefficient method,spatial analyses and geo-detectors to analyze the carbon emission effects of land use changes,as well as their spatial evolutionary characteristics and driving factors,based on the data of 31 cities during *** analysis led to three outcomes.(1)The carbon sinks are insufficient to counterbalance the carbon sources,and net carbon emissions continued to grow from 144.88 million t in 2010 to 160.37 million t in 2020 due to the expansion of construction land.(2)The high-value areas of net carbon emissions shifted from dispersed to concentrated,while low-value areas shifted from concentrated to dispersed and decreased in *** spatial agglomeration pattern is dominated by High-High agglomeration(H-H)and Low-Low agglomeration(L-L)areas.(3)The spatial differentiation of carbon emissions from land use(LUCEs)is primarily influenced by population density,carbon emission intensity,and technological ***,the interactive effects of land use,energy-efficient technologies,population status,industrial structure,and economic development significantly amplify their individual impacts.

关键词： carbon emissions land use structure driving factors MRYRUA

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Improving performance of perovskite solar cells enabled by defects passivation and carrier transport dynamics regulation via organic additive

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 551-556页

作者： Rongjun Zhao Tai Wu Yong Hua Yude Wang Department of Physics Center for Optoelectronics Engineering ResearchYunnan University Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials&Technology International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials and EnergyYunnan University Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies Yunnan University

Defects at the grain boundaries(GBs) of perovskite film highly restrict both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Herein, organic small molecules of butanedioic acid(BA) and acetylenedicarboxylic acid(AA), containing two carbonyl(C=O) groups and different core-units, were incorporated into perovskite as additives for PSCs application. Thanks to the strong coordination interaction between C=O group and under-coordinated Pb2+, the additives can effectively passivate film defects and regulate the perovskite crystallization, yielding high-quality perovskite films with lower defect densities. More importantly, the additives can efficiently regulate the charge transport behaviors in PSCs. Benefiting from the defects passivation and the regulation of charge carrier dynamics, the BA and AA-treaded PSCs show the power conversion efficiencies of 21.52% and 20.50%, which are higher than that of the control device(19.41%). Besides, the optimal devices exhibit a remarkable enhanced long-term stability and moisture tolerance compared to the pristine devices. Furthermore, the transient absorption spectrum reveals the mechanism of enhanced photovoltaic performances, attributing to the improvement of charge transport capability at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interfaces. This work affords a promising strategy to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs through regulating the charge-carrier dynamic process in perovskite film.

关键词： Additives Carrier dynamics Defects passivation Perovskite solar cells Stability

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Secure beamforming and deployment design for rate-splitting multiple access-based UAV communications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 342-356页

作者： Bing WANG Xiaofeng TAO Shujun HAN Huici WU Kai YANG Zhu HAN National Engineering research center of Mobile Network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Peng Cheng Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston

Rate-splitting multiple access(RSMA) has recently gained attention as a potential robust multiple access(MA)scheme for upcoming wireless networks. Given its ability to efficiently utilize wireless resources and design interference management strategies, it can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) networks to provide convenient services for large-scale access ground users. However, due to the line-of-sight(LoS) broadcast nature of UAV transmission, information is susceptible to eavesdropping in RSMA-based UAV networks. Moreover, the superposition of signals at the receiver in such networks becomes complicated. To cope with the challenge, we propose a two-user multi-input single-output(MISO) RSMA-based UAV secure transmission framework in downlink communication networks. In a passive eavesdropping scenario, our goal is to maximize the sum secrecy rate by optimizing the transmit beamforming and deployment location of the UAV-base station(UAV-BS),while considering quality-of-service(QoS) constraints, maximum transmit power, and flight space limitations. To address the non-convexity of the proposed problem, the optimization problem is first decoupled into two subproblems. Then, the successive convex approximation(SCA) method is employed to solve each subproblem using different propositions. In addition, an alternating optimization(AO)-based location RSMA(L-RSMA) beamforming algorithm is developed to implement joint optimization to obtain the suboptimal solution. Numerical results demonstrate that(1) the proposed L-RSMA scheme yields a28.97% higher sum secrecy rate than the baseline L-space division multiple access(SDMA) scheme;(2) the proposed L-RSMA scheme improves the security performance by 42.61% compared to the L-non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) scheme.

关键词： rate-splitting multiple access UAV communication precoding optimization deployment location physical layer security

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Oxygen atmosphere enhances ball milling remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil and reuse as adsorptive/catalytic materials for wastewater treatment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 652-664页

作者： Pingting Gao Simin Song Mingxin Wang Meng Yao Jinjuan Xue School of Environmental Science and Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Engineering research center Changzhou 213164China

Ball milling is an environmentally friendly technology for the remediation of petroleumcontaminated soil(PCS),but the cleanup of organic pollutants requires a long time,and the post-remediation soil needs an economically viable disposal/reuse strategy due to its vast *** present paper develops a ball milling process under oxygen atmosphere to enhance PCS remediation and reuse the obtained carbonized soil(BCS-O)as wastewater treatment *** total petroleum hydrocarbon removal rates by ball milling under vacuum,air,and oxygen atmospheres are 39.83%,55.21%,and 93.84%,*** Langmuir and pseudo second-order models satisfactorily describe the adsorption capacity and behavior of BCS-O for transition *** Cu^(2+),Ni^(2+),and Mn^(2+)adsorbed onto BCS-O were mainly bound to metal carbonates and metal ***,BCS-O can effectively activate persulfate(PDS)oxidation to degrade aniline,while BCS-O loaded with transition metal(BCS-O-Me)shows better activation efficiency and ***-O and BCS-O-Me activated PDS oxidation systems are dominated by^(1)O_(2)oxidation and electron *** main active sites are oxygen-containing functional groups,vacancy defects,and graphitized *** oxygen-containing functional groups and vacancy defects primarily activate PDS to generate^(1)O_(2)and attack *** carbon promotes aniline degradation by accelerating electron *** paper develops an innovative strategy to simultaneously realize efficient remediation of PCS and sequential reuse of the postremediation soil.

关键词： Petroleum-contaminated soil Ball milling Oxygen atmosphere Pyrolysis Resource utilization

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Optimizing electronic structure through point defect engineering for enhanced electrocatalytic energy conversion

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 109-131页

作者： Wei Ma Jiahao Yao Fang Xie Xinqi Wang Hao Wan Xiangjian Shen Lili Zhang Menggai Jiao Zhen Zhou Interdisciplinary research center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering(IRC4SE2) School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityHenan450001China

Point defect engineering endows catalysts with novel physical and chemical properties,elevating their electrocatalytic *** introduction of defects emerges as a promising strategy,effectively modifying the electronic structure of active *** optimization influences the adsorption energy of intermediates,thereby mitigating reaction energy barriers,altering paths,enhancing selectivity,and ultimately improving the catalytic efficiency of *** elucidate the impact of defects on the electrocatalytic process,we comprehensively outline the roles of various point defects,their synthetic methodologies,and characterization ***,we consolidate insights into the relationship between point defects and catalytic activity for hydrogen/oxygen evolution and CO_(2)/O_(2)/N_(2) reduction reactions by integrating mechanisms from diverse *** underscores the pivotal role of point defects in enhancing catalytic *** last,the principal challenges and prospects associated with point defects in current electrocatalysts are proposed,emphasizing their role in advancing the efficiency of electrochemical energy storage and conversion materials.

关键词： Point defect engineering Doping Vacancy Electrocatalysis Electronic structure

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