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Effect of soil management on soil erosion on sloping farmland during crop growth stages under a large-scale rainfall simulation experiment

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第6期10卷 921-931页

作者： WANG Linhua WANG Yafeng Keesstra SASKIA Cerdà ARTEMI MA Bo WU Faqi State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of soil and water conservation Northwest A&F University Civil Surveying and Environmental Engineering The University of Newcastle soil Physics and Land Management Group Wageningen University soil Erosion and Degradation research Group Department of Geography University of Valencia College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University

soil erosion on farmland is a critical environmental issue and the main source of sediment in the Yellow River, China. Thus, great efforts have been made to reduce runoff and soil loss by restoring vegetation on abandoned farmland. However, few studies have investigated runoff and soil loss from sloping farmland during crop growth season. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soil management on runoff and soil loss on sloping farmland during crop growth season. We tested different soybean growth stages (i.e., seedling stage (R1), initial blossoming stage (R2), full flowering stage (R3), pod bearing stage (R4), and initial filling stage (R5)) and soil management practice (one plot applied hoeing tillage (HT) before each rainfall event, whereas the other received no treatment (NH)) by applying simulated rainfall at an intensity of 80 mm/h. Results showed that runoff and soil loss both decreased and infiltration amount increased in successive soybean growth stages under both treatments. Compared with NH plot, there was less runoff and higher infiltration amount from HT plot. However, soil loss from HT plot was larger than that from NH plot in R1–R3, but lower in R4 and R5. In the early growth stages, hoeing tillage was effective for reducing runoff and enhancing rainfall infiltration. By contrast, hoeing tillage enhanced soil and water conservation during the late growth stages. The total soil loss from HT plot (509.0 g/m2) was 11.1% higher than that from NH plot (457.9 g/m2) in R1–R5. However, the infiltration amount from HT plot (313.9 mm) was 18.4% higher than that from NH plot (265.0 mm) and the total runoff volume from HT plot was 49.7% less than that from NH plot. These results indicated that crop vegetation can also act as a type of vegetation cover and play an important role on sloping farmland. Thus, adopting rational soil management in crop planting on sloping farmland can effectively reduce runoff and soil loss, as well as maximize ra

关键词： hoeing tillage soil erosion simulated rainfall crop growth stages Loess Plateau

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Building a More Sustainable Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 283-287页

作者： Peiyue Li Xiaomei Kou Yong Wang Le Niu School of water and Environment Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology and water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of the Ministry of water Resources Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited Xi'an 710065China PowerChina Sinohydro Bureau 3 Co. LTD.Xi'an 710024China

The Chinese Loess Plateau,a region of remarkable ecological and economic value,grapples with significant water management challenges due to its distinctive geology and *** perspective offers a short review of the eco-environmental protection measures undertaken in the Loess Plateau,underscoring the transformative impacts of initiatives such as the“Grain for Green”***,it also highlights the enduring challenges,including land degradation,water resources issues,socio-economic inequities,and the implications of climate ***,water management emerges as a pivotal issue with far-reaching repercussions for soil conservation,biodiversity,and human *** paper concludes by proposing future actions,emphasizing the necessity for policy modifications,novel initiatives,and research to tackle these challenges and foster sustainable development in the Loess *** insights gained from this region could offer invaluable lessons for other regions confronted with similar challenges,thereby contributing to global efforts to mitigate desertification and champion sustainable development.

关键词： Loess Plateau eco-environmental protection water management sustainable development climate change

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Magnesium activation affects the properties and phosphate sorption capacity of poultry litter biochar

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 1117-1130页

作者： Joshua T.Padilla Donald W.Watts Jeffrey M.Novak Vasile Cerven James A.Ippolito Ariel A.Szogi Mark G.Johnson United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceCoastal Plains SoilWater and Plant Research CenterFlorenceSC 29501USA School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA center for Public Health and environmental Assessment United States Environmental Protection AgencyCorvallisOR 97331USA

Biochars with a high affinity for phosphorus(P)are promising soil amendments for reducing P in agricultural *** litter(PL)is an abundant biochar ***,PL-derived biochars are typically high in soluble P and therefore require chemical modification to become effective P *** study investigated the effect of magnesium(Mg)activation on extractable P(EP)and P sorption capacities of PL-derived *** was produced at 500-900°C from PL activated with 0-1 M *** differentially aged PL feedstocks were evaluated(1-,3-5-,and 7-9-year-old).Increased Mg activation level and pyrolysis temperature both resulted in EP reductions from the ***,biochars produced at temperatures≥700°C from PL activated with≥0.25 M Mg had negligible EP.X-ray diffractograms indicated that increased Mg loading favored the formation of stable Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) phases while increasing temperature favored the formation of both Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) and Ca_(5)(PO_(4))_(3)*** P sorption capacities(Pmax)of the biochars were estimated by fitting Langmuir isotherms to batch sorption data and ranged from 0.66-10.35 mg g^(−1).Average Pmax values were not affected by PL age or pyrolysis temperature;however,biochars produced from 1 M Mg-activated PL did have significantly higher average Pmax values(penvironmentally sensitive ecosystems.

关键词： sorption activation pyrolysis

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Sediment yield and erosion–deposition distribution characteristics in ephemeral gullies in black soil areas under geocell protection

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第2期15卷 180-190页

作者： WANG Xinyu SU Yu SUN Yiqiu ZHANG Yan GUAN Yinghui WANG Zhirong WU Hailong School of environmental Science and Safety Engineering Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China School of soil and water conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100038China

Investigating the effect of geocells on the erosion and deposition distribution of ephemeral gullies in the black soil area of Northeast China can provide a scientific basis for the allocation of soil and water conservation measures in ephemeral *** this study,an artificial simulated confluence test and stereoscopic photogrammetry were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of erosion and deposition in ephemeral gullies protected by geocells and the effect of different confluence flows on the erosion process of ephemeral *** showed that when the confluence flow was larger,the effect of geocell was more evident,and the protection against ephemeral gully erosion was *** the confluence flow rates were 0.6,1.8,2.4,and 3.0 m^(3)/h,ephemeral gully erosion decreased by 37.84%,26.09%,21.40%,and 35.45%.When the confluence flow rates were 2.4 and 3.0 m^(3)/h,the average sediment yield rate of the ephemeral gully was close to 2.14 kg/(m^(2)•min),and the protective effect of ephemeral gully erosion was *** the flow rate was higher,the surface fracture of the ephemeral gully was more *** an increase in confluence flow rate,the ratio of erosion to deposition increased gradually,the erosion area of ephemeral gullies was expanded,and erosion depth changed *** conclusion,geocell measures changed erosion patterns by altering the rill erosion/deposition ratio,converting erosion from rill erosion to sheet erosion.

关键词： geocell erosion and deposition distribution runoff and sediment production ephemeral gully soil conservation

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Relationship between granitic soil particle-size distribution and shrinkage properties based on multifractal method

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Pedosphere 2020年第6期30卷 853-862页

作者： Yujie WEI Xinliang WU Jinwen XIA Chongfa CAI soil and water conservation research Centre College of Resources and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China National-Regional Joint Engineering research center for soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and ManagementGuangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science&TechnologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

The mechanical properties of granitic residual soils vary with depth due to changes in soil type and heterogeneity caused by *** purpose of this study was to relate the spatial variation of particle-size distribution(PSD)of granitic soils with soil shrinkage parameters using multifractal *** heterogeneity of PSD and pedogenic processes were depicted in detail by multifractal *** PSD generally increased with the increase of profile depth in accordance with the variation of single fractal dimension(D)ranging from 2.45 to *** shrinkage limit was greatly influenced by the multifractal dimension parameters,including information dimension(D1)and capacity dimension(D0)(Adjusted R2=0.998,Psoil shrinkage characteristic curve was fitted by the modified logistic model(R2>0.97,root sum of squareswater variation corresponding to the maximum change rate of linear extensibility was determined by the silt content(R2=0.81,Psoils was primarily influenced by PSD and soil compactness.

关键词： bulk density fractal dimension multifractal characteristics shrinkage characteristics soil compactness

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Explaining the evaporation paradox in Jiangxi Province of China:Spatial distribution and temporal trends in potential evapotranspiration of Jiangxi Province from 1961 to 2013

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International soil and water conservation research 2016年第1期4卷 45-51页

作者： Xianghui Lu Hua Bai Xingmin Mu School of water Resources and Ecological Engineering Nanchang Institute of TechnologyNanchang 330099China soil and water conservation and Eco-environmental research center of Ministry of Education Chinese Academy of SciencesYangling 712100China

Evaporation acts as an important component and a key control factor in land hydrological *** order to analyze the trend of change on potential evapotranspiration from 1961 to 2013 and to discuss the existence of the evaporation paradox in Jiangxi province,China,monthly meteorological data spanning the years 1961–2013 were analyzed in this study,where the data were collected from 15 national meteorological stations in Jiangxi *** Penman–Monteith equation was employed to compute the potential evapotranspiration(ET0).Spatial interpolation and data mining technology were used to analyze the spatial and temporal changes of ET0 and air temperature,with the effort to explain the evaporation *** solving the total differential and the partial derivatives coefficients of the independent variables in Penman–Monteith equation,the cause of the paradox was quantitatively *** results showed that the annual ET0 had been decreasing significantly in Jiangxi Province since 1979,whereas the air temperature had been rising significantly,presenting the evaporation *** decreases in sunshine duration and wind speed reduced ET0 by 0.207 mm and 0.060 mm,respectively,accounting for 92.3%and 26.7%of the total ET0,*** is concluded that sunshine duration and wind speed are the main causes to the decrease in potential evapotranspiration in Jiangxi Province.

关键词： Jiangxi province Evaporation paradox Penman-Monteith model Spatial and temporal variation

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Response of soil respiration to environmental and photosynthetic factors in different subalpine forest-cover types in a loess alpine hilly region

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Journal of Forestry research 2022年第2期33卷 653-665页

作者： Yuanhang Li Sha Lin Qi Chen Xinyao Ma Shuaijun Wang Kangning He School of soil and water conservation Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Beijing Engineering research center of soil and water conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Engineering research center of Forestry Ecological Engineering Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China North China Power Engineering Co. Ltd.of China Power Engineering Consulting GroupChangchun 130021People’s Republic of China Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited Hangzhou 311122People’s Republic of China

soil respiration(Rs)is important for transport-ing or fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,and even diminutive variations can profoundly influence the carbon ***,the R_(s) dynamics in a loess alpine hilly region with representative sensitivity to climate change and fragile ecology remains poorly *** study investigated the correlation and degree of control between R_(s) and its photosynthetic and environmental factors in five subalpine forest cover *** examined the correlations between R_(s) and variables temperature(T_(10)) and soil moisture content at 10 cm depth(W_(10)),net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))and soil properties to establish multiple models,and the variables were measured for diurnal and monthly vari-ations from September 2018 to August *** results showed that soil physical factors are not the main drivers of R_(s) dynamics at the diel scale;however,the trend in the monthly variation in R_(s) was consistent with that of T_(10)and P_(n).Further,R_(s) was significantly affected by pH,providing further evidence that coniferous forest leaves contribute to soil acidification,thus reducing R_(s).Significant exponential and linear correlations were established between R_(s) and T_(10)and W_(10),respectively,and R_(s) was positively correlated with P_(n).Accordingly,we established a two-factor model and a three-factor model,and the correlation coefficients(R_(2))was improved to different degrees compared with models based only on T_(10) and W_(10).Moreover,temperature sensitivity(Q_(10))was the highest in the secondary forest and lowest in the Larix principis-rupprechtii *** findings suggest that the control of R_(s) by the environment(moisture and tempera-ture)and photosynthesis,which are interactive or comple-mentary effects,may influence spatial and temporal homeo-stasis in the region and showed that the models appropriately described the dynamic variation in R_(s) and the carbon cycle in different forest *** add

关键词： Loess alpine hilly region soil respiration environmental factor Photosynthesis factor Q_(10) Two-factor model Three-factor model

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Towards accurate mapping of loess waterworn gully by integrating google earth imagery and DEM using deep learning

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International soil and water conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 13-28页

作者： Rong Chen Yi Zhou Zetao Wang Ying Li Fan Li Feng Yang School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China National Experiment and Teaching Demonstration center for Geography Xi'an710119China SuperMap Software Co. Ltd.Beijing100015China School of environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China

Accurate mapping of loess waterworn gully(LWG)is essential to further study gully erosion and geomorphological evolution for the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP).Due to the vertical joint and collapsibility of loess,LWGs have the characteristics of zigzag and unique slope abruptness under synthetic action of hydraulic force and *** forces existing LWG mapping methods to either focus on the improvement of mapping accuracy or center on the increase of mapping ***,simultaneously achieving accurate and efficient mapping of LWG is still in its infancy under complex topographic ***,we proposed a method that innovatively integrates the loess slope abruptness feature into an improved deep learning semantic segmentation framework for LWG mapping using 0.6 m Google imagery and 5 m DEM *** selected four study areas representing typical loess landforms to test the performance of our *** proposed method can achieve satisfactory mapping results,with the F1 score,mean Intersection-over-Union(mIoU),and overall accuracy of 90.5%,85.3%,and 92.3%,*** addition,the proposed model also showed significant accuracy improvement by inputting additional topographic information(especially the slope of slope).Compared with existing algorithms(Random forests,original DeepLabV3+,and Unet),the proposed approach in this study achieved a better accuracy-efficiency ***,the method can ensure high accuracy and efficiency of the LWG mapping for different loess landform types and can be extended to study various loess gully mapping and water and soil conservation.

关键词： Loess waterworn gully Topographic information Mapping Deep learning soil erosion Loess plateau

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Ecologically based landscape pattern optimization in northwest of Beijing

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2009年第3期19卷 359-372页

作者：岳德鹏王计平刘永兵张晓丽李海龙王洁 School of Forestry Beijing Forestry Univ. Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Cultivation and conservation Ministry of Education research center for Eco-environmental Sciences CAS environmental protection research Institute of Light Industry The Graduate School of Landscape Architecture Peking University

Supported by the technologies of remote sensing(RS) and geographical informa-tion system(GIS),we chose northwest of Beijing as a study area and gave priority to under-standing of the spatial-temporal characteristics of landscape pattern change through visually interpreted Landsat TM images of 1989,1996 and *** is believed that there were a series of landscape ecological problems caused by city expansion:landscape ecological connec-tivity was low;landscape structure was simplified;the fragmentation of green land patch was more obvious on the plain areas,moreover,spatial distribution of green land was *** this reason,this study adopted accumulative cost distance model,combined with eco-system services and spatial interactions of landscape types,analyzed the spatial difference of the ecological function and the compactness of landscape structure in the study area,and further discussed the landscape pattern optimization *** find that it is essential to protect and establish ecological sources,to establish urban ecological corridors,and to es-tablish ecological nodes at the landscape ecological strategic positions so as to intensify spatial relationships among landscape elements and maintain continuity of landscape eco-logical process and pattern in the course of city *** methods and final results from this study are expected to be useful for landscape ecological planning in Beijing region.

关键词： accumulative cost distance model landscape pattern optimization Beijing

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities associated with wild plants in a coastal ecosystem

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Journal of Forestry research 2021年第2期32卷 683-695页

作者： Jinping Wang Shilin Ma G.Geoff Wang Linhao Xu Zhiyuan Fu Juan Song Jinchi Zhang Co-Innovation center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological RestorationNanjing Forestry University159 Longpan RoadNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Department of Forestry and environmental conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)form a near-ubiquitous mutualistic association with roots to help plants withstand harsh environments,and play a key role in the establishment of coastal beach plant *** little is known about the structure and composition of AMF communities on coastal beaches of eastern *** this study,we investigated the occurrence,community composition and diversity of AMF associated with common wild plants on a coastal beach of North Jiangsu,*** all of the local wild species were colonized by AMF except for Chenopodium album ***-seven AMF species were isolated from the rhizosphere belonging to 12 genera in seven *** was the dominant genus and Funneliformis mosseae the dominant *** colonization,spore composition and diversity of AMF were strongly related to edaphic ***(Na^(+))ions in the soil significantly and negatively affected the colonization rate by AMF and both soil Na^(+)levels and pH had a significant negative effect on AMF spore density and ***,there was a significant positive correlation between species richness and total organic *** results provide insights into soil factors affecting native AMF communities in coastal beach habitats which could benefit vegetation recovery and soil reclamation efforts.

关键词： AMF diversity Coastal beach Edaphic factors Mycorrhizal composition Wild hosts

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