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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 892-897页

作者： Yoshiaki Tsuzuki Masato Fujii Yasuo Mochihara Kouki Matsuda Minoru Yoneda research center for coastal lagoon environments Shimane University Ministry of Land InfrastructureTransportation and Tourism Environmental Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto University

The first social experiment program in Japan to reduce domestic wastewater pollutant discharge by ＂soft interventions＂ in households has been conducted in the Yamato-gawa River drainage area since 2005. The Yamato-gawa River has been listed as one of the worst water quality rivers in Japan because of the larger annual average BOD. ＂Hard interventions＂ including deployment of wastewater treatment facilities and artificial installation of natural purification facilities in the river has been conducted in these years to improve river water quality. At the first Yamato-gawa River social experiment program （YR-SEP） in March 2005, BOD at the monitoring point near the river mouth decreased about 6% during the Program. Natural purification effect along the river was evaluated in this article with one-dimensional water quality model for the six river sections. Larger biological oxygen consumption rate, kb, was estimated in the sections with artificially installed natural purification facilities. The effect of ＂soft interventions＂ in households in the YR-SEP was estimated as 25% BOD decrease in the nearest monitoring point to the river mouth, when all the households participate in the Program and BOD discharge reduction rate with ＂soft interventions＂ in households was 40%.

关键词： Yamato-gawa River "soft interventions" in households one-dimensional water quality model

Estimation of Growth Area of Aquatic Macrophytes Expanding Spontaneously in Lake Shinji Using ASTER Data

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第6期4卷 1-5页

作者： Yuji Sakuno Hidenobu Kunii Graduate School of Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan research center for coastal lagoon environments Shimane University Shimane Japan

In this study, we estimated the growth area of aquatic macrophytes that have expanded spontaneously in Lake Shinji, located in eastern Shimane Prefecture, Japan, using Terra satellite Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data. Visible and near infrared ASTER data from April, August, and September 2012 were used. The water depth at which ASTER can detect submersed aquatic macrophytes using in situ spectral reflectance of aquatic macrophytes and a bio-optical model was also examined. As a result, when the threshold value of a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was set to 0, only aquatic macrophytes up to a depth of approximately 10 cm could be detected. The growth area of aquatic macrophytes detected by NDVI from ASTER data was in relatively good agreement with the growth area as observed by aerial photography.

关键词： ASTER NDVI Aquatic Macrophytes Bio-Optical Algorithm Lake Shinji

Wave-Tide-Surge Coupled Simulation for Typhoon Maemi

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China Ocean Engineering 2013年第2期27卷 141-158页

作者： Byung Ho Choi Byung Il Min Kyeong Ok Kim Jin Hee Yuk Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Marine environments & Conservation research Division Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology Supercomputing center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information

The main task of this study focuses on studying the effect of wave-current interaction on currents, storm surge and wind wave as well as effects of current induced wave refraction and current on waves by using numerical models which consider the bottom boundary layer and sea surface roughness parameter for shallow and smooth bed area around Korean Peninsula. The coupled system （unstructured-mesh SWAN wave and ADCIRC） run on the same unstructured mesh. This identical and homogeneous mesh allows the physics of wave-circulation interactions to be correctly resolved in both models. The unstructured mesh can be applied to a large domain allowing all energy from deep to shallow waters to be seamlessly followed. There is no nesting or overlapping of structured wave meshes, and no interpolation is required. In response to typhoon Maemi （2003）, all model components were validated independently, and shown to provide a faithful representation of the system＇s response to this storm. The waves and storm surge were allowed to develop on the continental shelf and interact with the complex nearshore environment. The resulting modeling system can be used extensively for prediction of the typhoon surge. The result show that it is important to incorporate the wave-current interaction effect into coastal area in the wave-tide-surge coupled model. At the same time, it should consider effects of depth-induced wave breaking, wind field, currents and sea surface elevation in prediction of waves. Specially, we found that：（1） wave radiation stress enhanced the current and surge elevation otherwise wave enhanced nonlinear bottom boundary layer decreased that, （2） wind wave was significantly controlled by sea surface roughness thus we cautiously took the experimental expression. The resulting modeling system can be used for hindcasting （prediction） the wave-tide-surge coupled environments at complex coastline, shallow water and fine sediment area like areas around Korean Peninsula.

关键词： typhoon Maemi finite element model tide-surge-wave coupling

Mitochondrial DNA Markers for PCR-Based Phylogenetic Analysis of Ark Shells

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2013年第4期3卷 182-189页

作者： Tomomi Tanaka Futoshi Aranishi United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University Tottori Japan coastal lagoon research center Shimane University Matsue Japan

Arcidae species are commercially important bivalves in Japan and are commonly referred to as bloody ark due to their red blood. They have thick shells with distinct radiating ribs, and the numbers of these ribs are important morphological features for species discrimination. However, some Arcidae species are morphologically indistinguishable, with a similar number of the ribs in adults and deficient rib formation, particularly among juveniles. Thus, we developed a reliable molecular marker to genetically discriminate between 7 Arcidae species belonging to Scapharca, Anadara, and Tegillarca based on species-specific polymorphic segments of mitochondrial DNA. PCR amplification of partial COI, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, and Cyt b genes was performed on 7 species using 8 primer sets. Only the set of Scapharca-specific forward primer and universal reverse primer for the partial COI gene successfully yielded single PCR products from all 7 species examined. Thus, nucleotide sequences of 481 bp portion of these PCR products were determined, and the degrees of nucleotide substitutions ranged from 0.4% between S. broughtonii and T. granosa to 20.2% between S. satowi and A. antiquata. In addition, a phylogenetic tree showed significant differences between 7 species, with higher bootstrap support than 69.

关键词： Ark Shell Arcidae Mitochondrial DNA COI Gene Phylogenetic Analysis

Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Ark Shell in Japan

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2014年第1期4卷 8-17页

作者： Tomomi Tanaka Futoshi Aranishi United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University Tottori Japan coastal lagoon research center Shimane University Matsue Japan

Ark shell Scapharca kagoshimensis is one of the commercially important bivalve resources in East Asia. In Japan, the mass production method for its natural seedlings was developed in the 1880s, and they had been transplanted to an array of the major fishing areas. It has been therefore concerned with its genetic disturbance among not only current but also former fishing areas in Japan. This study was undertaken to ascertain its genetic diversity and population structure in East Asia by means of nucleotide sequence analysis of a 555-bp portion of the mitochondrial DNA COI gene. Of 225 individuals collected from 8 populations and 1 population in Japan and Korea, respectively, a total of 59 haplotypes, including 14 common haplotypes, were found, and Japan and Korea shared 3 common haplotypes. In Japan, the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.65 to 0.93 and from 0.22% to 0.59%, respectively, reflecting relatively high levels of genetic diversity. The values in Korea were determined to be 0.45% and 0.19%, respectively, indicating significantly lower genetic diversity compared with that in Japan. Mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests showed a recent history of multiple types of reproduction and signals of demographic change in each population. These results suggest that S. kagoshimensis has experienced rapid population growth or reduction in population size such as a bottleneck in a short period.

关键词： Ark Shell Genetic Structure Genetic Diversity Mitochondrial DNA COI Gene Scapharca kagoshimensis

Derivation and validation of soil total and extractable cadmium criteria for safe vegetable production

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第12期22卷 3792-3803页

作者： LI Li-jun LI Kun JIANG Bao LI Ju-mei MA Yi-bing Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sichuan 610081P.R.China National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering research center Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037P.R.China National Observation and research Station of coastal Ecological environments in Macao/Macao Environmental research Institute Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078P.R.China

Determining the appropriate soil cadmium(Cd)criteria for vegetable production is important for ensuring that the Cd concentrations of the vegetables meet food safety *** soil extractable Cd criteria for vegetable production are also essential for both food safety and environmental management,especially in areas with a high natural background *** the present study,soil total and extractable Cd criteria were derived using the approach of species sensitivity distribution integrated with soil aging and bioavailability as affected by soil properties.A dataset of 90 vegetable species planted in different soils was compiled by screening the published in literature in five bibliographic databases using designated search *** empirical soil-plant transfer model was applied to normalize the bioaccumulation *** normalization,the intra-species variability was reduced by 18.3 to 84.4%.The soil Cd concentration that would protect 95%(HC_(5))of the species was estimated by species sensitivity distribution curves that were fitted by the Burr III *** soil Cd criteria derived from the added approach for risk assessment were proposed as continuous criteria based on a combination of organic carbon and pH in the *** for total Cd and EDTA-extractable Cd in the soil ranged from 0.23 to 0.61 mg kg^(-1)and from 0.09 to 0.25 mg kg^(-1),*** experimental data were used to validate the applicability and validity of these *** of the predicted HC5 values in the field experimental sites were below the 1:1 *** results provide a scientific basis for soil Cd criteria for vegetable production that will ensure food safety.

关键词： Cd vegetables soil criteria species sensitivity distribution soil extractable Cd criteria

Hydrothermal carbonization of livestock mortality for the reduction of pathogens and microbially-derived DNA

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 107-114页

作者： Thomas F. Ducey Jessica C. Collins Kyoung S. Ro Bryan L. Woodbury D. Dee Griffin coastal Plains Soil Water and Plant Research Center Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Florence SC 29501 USA South Carolina Governor's School for Science and Mathematics Hartsville SC 29550 USA U.S. Meat Animal research center Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Clay Center NE 68933 USA University of Nebraska-Lincoln Great Plains Veterinary Education Center Lincoln NE 68588 USA

Hydrothermal carbonization （HTC）, utilizing high temperature and pressure, has the potential to treat agricultural waste via inactivating pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes （ARG）, and contaminants of emerging concern （CEC） in a environmental and economical manner. Livestock mortality is one facet of agricultural waste that can pose a threat to the surrounding environment. While several methods are utilized to treat livestock mortality, there remains a paucity of data on the elimination of microbially- derived DNA in these treatment practices. This DNA, most notably ARGs, if it survives treatment can be reintroduced in agricultural environments where it could potentially be passed to pathogens, posing a risk to animal and human populations. HTC treatments have been successfully utilized for the treatment of CECs, however very little is understood on how ARGs survive HTC treatment. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the survivability ofmicrobially-derived DNA in the HTC treatment of livestock mortality. We examined three treatment temperatures （100℃, 150℃, and 200℃） at autogenic pressures at three treatment times （30, 60, and 240 min）. We examined the amplification of a plasmid-bome reporter gene carried by Escherichia coli DH 10B introduced to both beef bone and tissue. Results indicate that while all three temperatures, at all treatment times, were suitable for complete pathogen kill, only temperatures of 150℃ and 200℃ were sufficient for eliminating microbial DNA. These results serve as the basis for future potential HTC treatment recommendations for livestock mortality when considering the elimination of pathogens and ARGs.

关键词： High-temperature carbonization Microbial DNA Livestock mortality

Classifying the sedimentary environments of the Xincun lagoon,Hainan Island,by system cluster and principal component analyses

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第4期36卷 64-71页

作者： YANG Yang GAO Shu ZHOU Liang WANG Yunwei LI Gaocong WANG Yaping HAN Zhuochen JIA Peihong State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and coastal research East China Normal University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development Nanjing University College of Harbour Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai University

An understanding of the sedimentary environment in relation to its controlling factors is of great importance in coastal geomorphology,ecology,tourism and aquaculture *** attempt to deal with this issue,using a case study from the Xincun lagoon,Hainan Island in southern *** the study,surficial sediment samples were collected,together with hydrodynamic and bathymetric surveys,during August *** simulation was carried out to obtain high-spatial resolution tidal current *** sediment samples were analyzed to derive mean grain size,sorting coefficient,skewness and kurtosis,together with the sand,silt and clay *** modern sedimentary environments were classified using system cluster and principal component *** size analysis reveals that the sediments are characterized by extremely slightly sandy silty mud（ESSSM） and slightly silty sand（SSS）,which are distributed in the central lagoon and near-shore shallow water areas,*** grain size varies from 0 to 8.0Ф,with an average of 4.6Ф.The silt content is the highest,i.e.,52% on average,with the average contents of sand and clay being 43% and 5%,*** exists a significant correlation between mean size and water depth,suggesting that the surficial sediments become finer with increasing water *** analyses reveals two groups of *** first group is characterized by mean grain size of more than 5.5Ф,whilst the second group has mean grain size of below 3.5Ф.Further,these groups also have different correlations between mean grain size and the other grain size *** terms of the tidal current,the average values of the root mean square velocity（RMSV） are 7.5 cm/s and 6.9 cm/s on springs and neaps,*** the RMSVs that are higher than 4 cm/s,a significant positive correlation is found between the content of the 63–125 μm fraction and the RMSV,suggesting that the RMSV determines the variability of the very fine sand *** on

关键词： surficial sediment grain size lagoon sedimentary environment statistical analysis numerical simulation Hainan Island

Dielectric barrier discharge-based defect engineering method to assist flash sintering

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第5期12卷 1046-1057页

作者： Xinhao Zhao Nianping Yan Yueji Li Zikui Shen Rongxia Huang Chen Xu Xuetong Zhao Xilin Wang Ruobing Zhang Zhidong Jia Guangdong Engineering Technology research center of Power Equipment Reliability in Complicated coastal environments Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power research Institute Nanchang 330096China School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China School of Electromechanical Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Institute of Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621907China fSchool of Electrical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Oxygen vacancy OV plays an important role in a flash sintering (FS) process. In defect engineering, the methods of creating oxygen vacancy defects include doping, heating, and etching, and all of them often have complex processes or equipment. In this study, we used dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) as a new defect engineering technology to increase oxygen vacancy concentrations of green billets with different ceramics (ZnO, TiO_(2), and 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ)). With an alternating current (AC) power supply of 10 kHz, low-temperature plasma was generated, and a specimen could be treated in different atmospheres. The effect of the DBD treatment was influenced by atmosphere, treatment time, and voltage amplitude of the power supply. After the DBD treatment, the oxygen vacancy defect concentration in ZnO samples increased significantly, and a resistance test showed that conductivity of the samples increased by 2–3 orders of magnitude. Moreover, the onset electric field (E) of ZnO FS decreased from 5.17 to 0.86 kV/cm at room temperature (RT);while in the whole FS, the max power dissipation decreased from 563.17 to 27.94 W. The defect concentration and conductivity of the green billets for TiO_(2) and 3YSZ were also changed by the DBD, and then the FS process was modified. It is a new technology to treat the green billet of ceramics in very short time, applicable to other ceramics, and beneficial to regulate the FS process.

关键词： flash sintering(FS) ZnO dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) oxygen vacancy OV defect engineering

Recognition of Fluvial Bank Erosion Along the Main Stream of the Yangtze River

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Engineering 2022年第12期19卷 50-61页

作者： Ge Yan Heqin Cheng Zeyu Jiang Lizhi Teng Ming Tang Tian Shi Yuehua Jiang Guoqiang Yang Quanping Zhou State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and coastal research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200000China Nanjing center China Geological SurveyNanjing 210000China Institute of Eco-Chongming Shanghai 200000China

Recognizing the risk of fluvial bank erosion is an important challenge to ensure the early warning and prevention or control of bank collapse in river catchments,including in the Yangtze *** study introduces a geomorphons-based algorithm to extract river bank erosion information by adjusting the flatness from multibeam echo-sounding *** algorithm maps ten subaqueous morphological elements,including the slope,footslope,flat,ridge,peak,valley,pit,spur,hollow,and *** flatness values were used to build an interpretation strategy for the subaqueous features of riverbank *** results show that the bank scarp,which is the erosion carrier,is covered by slope cells when the flatness is 10°.The scour pits and bank scars are indicated by pit cells near the bank and hollow cells in the bank slope at a flatness of 0°.Fluvial subaqueous dunes are considered an important factor accelerating bank erosion,particularly those near the bank toe;the critical flatness of the dunes was evaluated as 3°.The distribution of subaqueous morphological elements was analyzed and used to map the bank erosion *** analysis results revealed that the near-bank zone,with a relatively large water depth,is prone to form large scour pits and a long bank *** collapse tends to occur at the long bank scarp to shorten its *** varied assignment of flatness values among terrestrial,marine,and fluvial environments is discussed,concluding that diversified flatness values significantly enable fluvial subaqueous morphology ***,this study provides a reference for the flatness-based recognition of fluvial morphological elements and enhances the targeting of subaqueous signs and risks of bank failure with a range of multibeam bathymetric data.

关键词： Multibeam echo-sounding data Morphological elements Bank erosion Bank scarp Scour pits Bank collapse