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Combinatorial therapies for spinal cord injury repair

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1293-1308页

作者： Carla S.Sousa Andreia Monteiro António J.Salgado Nuno A.Silva Life and Health Sciences research Institute(ICVS) School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal ICVS/3B’s associate Lab PT Government Associated LabCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal

Spinal cord injuries have profound detrimental effects on individuals, regardless of whether they are caused by trauma or non-traumatic events. The compromised regeneration of the spinal cord is primarily attributed to damaged neurons, inhibitory molecules, dysfunctional immune response, and glial scarring. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective treatments available that can fully repair the spinal cord and improve functional outcomes. Nevertheless, numerous pre-clinical approaches have been studied for spinal cord injury recovery, including using biomaterials, cells, drugs, or technological-based strategies. Combinatorial treatments, which target various aspects of spinal cord injury pathophysiology, have been extensively tested in the last decade. These approaches aim to synergistically enhance repair processes by addressing various obstacles faced during spinal cord regeneration. Thus, this review intends to provide scientists and clinicians with an overview of pre-clinical combinatorial approaches that have been developed toward the solution of spinal cord regeneration as well as update the current knowledge about spinal cord injury pathophysiology with an emphasis on the current clinical management.

关键词： electric stimulation neural tissue regeneration neuroprotection polytherapy spinal cord injury

Larvicidal,ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata(Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第1期8卷 29-34页

作者： Appadurai Daniel Reegan Arokia Valan Kinsalin Michael Gabriel Paulraj Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu entomology research Institute Loyola College

Obective:To evaluate the *** and repellent properties of solvent extracts of marine sponge Cliona celala(***)(Grant) against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(***) ***:Marine sponge *** was thoroughly washed with distilled water and shade dried for 48 *** the sponges were homogenized and extracted sequentially with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol,Lanvicidal and ovicidal activities were tested at four different concentrations viz.,62.***.125.0.250.0 and 500.0 *** repellent study extracts were taken in three different concentrations viz..5.***.2.5.1.0 mg/cm ***:Among the three solvent extracts of ***,methanol extract showed thc highest lanvieidal activity at 500 ppm against the fourth inslar larvae of *** LC_(50)and LC_(90) values of *** methanol extract were recorded as 80.61 and 220.81 ppm against *** larvae *** ovieidal activity of 91.2%was recorded al 500 ppm concentration of methanol *** haxane extract was found to be the most effective protectant against the adult female mosquitoes of *** mean protection time recorded in hexane extract was up to 245 min at 5 mg/cm^2 dosage against *** ***:The screening results suggest that the hexane and methanol extracts of *** arc promising in mosquito *** these *** could the probed further to obtain some novel pesticidal molecules.

关键词： Mosquito larvicide Ovicide Repellent Cliona celata Anopheles stephensi

The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpllars:from receptors to glomeruli

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 469-488页

作者： Qi Wang Hans M.Smid Marcel Dicke Alexander Haverkamp Laboratory of entomology Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands

Tolfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal ***,comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these ***,we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae,a significant pest species in Europe and a well-studied species for its chemical *** describe the larval olfactory system in this species,we first analyzed the head transcriptome of third-instar larvae(L3)and identified 16 odorant receptors(ORs)including the OR coreceptor(Orco),13 ionotropic receptors(IRs),and 8 gustatory receptors(GRs).We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages,using qPCR,and found that the majority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages,indicating that the larval olfactory system is not static throughout caterpillar *** an Orco-specific antibody,we identified all olfactory receptor neurons(ORNs)expressing the Orco protein in L3,L4,and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco-positive ORNs,distributed among three sensilla on the *** number of Orco-positive ORNs did not differ among the three larval ***,we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a mean of 15 glomeruli in the larval antennal center(LAC),suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system follows a similar design as the adult olfactory system,although with a lower numerical *** together,our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P brassicae,highlighting both the differences as well as the commonalities with the adult olfactory *** findings contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system in insects and its life-stage-specific adaptations.

关键词： glomeruli larvae Lepidoptera odorant receptor olfactory receptor neurons sensilla

Ecology and management of the black inch worm, Hyposidra talaca Walker (Geometridae： Lepidoptera) infesting Camellia sinensis (Theaceae)： A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第10期16卷 2115-2127页

作者： Somnath Roy Soma Das Gautam Handique Ananda Mukhopadhyay Narayanannair Muraleedharan Department of entomology Tocklai Tea Research Institute Tea Research Association Jorhat 785008 India entomology research Unit Department of Zoology University of North Bengal Siliguri 734014 India

The black inch worm, Hyposidra talaca （Walker）（Geometridae： Lepidoptera） has earned considerable importance as a defoliator during last decade in north east India. Characteristic features of H. talaca, Such as switching from wild plants to Camellia sinensis, and completion of 6-8 generations in a year without winter diapause appear to be the major reasons for persistence of the defoliator on C. sinensis. There are reports on the aggressive infestation of the pest on C. sinensis than on alternate host plants and development of high tolerance^resistance to certain insecticides. Till date, more than one hundred alternate host plants have been recorded for H. talaca, but with very few natural enemies. To manage this pest chemically, synthetic pesticides are widely used. Integrated management is recently being encouraged wherein cultural, mechanical, physical, biological and chemical methods have been contemplated. This review collates the work and literature on the ecology of H. talaca and offers an analysis of the problems encountered in managing the defoliator in tea plantations. Further, future directions for better management of H. talaca are suggested.

关键词： Hyposidra talaca black inch worm tea bionomics resistance integrated pest management (IPM)

MicroRNA miR-2765-3p regulates reproductive diapause by targeting FoxO in Galeruca daurica

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 279-292页

作者： Tian-Feng Duan Ling Li Hai-Chao Wang Bao-Ping Pang research Center for Grassland entomology Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina

The forkhead box O(FoxO),as a conserved transcription factor,plays an indispensable role in regulating insect ***,how FoxO is regulated to control diapause in insects remains *** this study,we discovered functional binding sites for miR-2765-3p in the 3′untranslated region of FoxO in Galeruca *** luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-2765-3p targeted FoxO and suppressed its *** expression profiles of miR-2765-3p and FoxO displayed opposite patterns during the female developmental *** of miR-2765-3p by the injection of the miR-2765-3p agomir into adult females reduced FoxO expression,leading to the suppression of lipid accumulation,promotion of ovarian development,and inhibition of reproductive *** is similar to the phenotype that results from the depletion of FoxO by injecting dsFoxO into adult *** addition,the repression of miR-2765-3p by injecting the miR-2765-3p antagomir increased the FoxO transcript level,leading to the stimulation of lipid accumulation,depression of ovarian development,and induction of reproductive diapause.A hormone injection assay showed that the juvenile hormone(JH)agonist(methoprene)upregulated miR-2765-3p and downregulated ***,injecting methoprene rescued ovarian development defects associated with miR-2765-3p *** findings indicate that the JH/miR-2765-3p/FoxO axis plays a vital role in the regulation of reproductive diapause in ***.

关键词： diapause FoxO Galeruca daurica juvenile hormone microRNA

Ecology and management of Bactericera cockerelli and Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum in New Zealand

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 333-337页

作者： Jessica VEREIJSSEN Applied entomology the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited

The psyllid Bactericera cockerelli was first reported in New Zealand in 2006 and spread quickly throughout all potato growing *** 2009,*** was associated with the plant pathogenic bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum,the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease in *** the psyllid and the bacterium have non-crop host plants which can serve as reservoirs when the crop is not *** apply different management strategies that fit integrated pest management programmes to manage *** and subsequently lower incidence of zebra chip disease in potato *** best management efforts,complete control of *** and zero incidence of zebra chip disease are not achievable at the current time.

关键词： Bactericera cockerelli Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum potato insect vector

Effect of Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) *** extract on preadipocytes viability and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第5期6卷 360-365页

作者： M Saravanan Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu Division of Ethnopharmacology Entomology Research InstituteLoyola CollegeChennaiTamilnadu 600 034India entomology research Institute Loyola CollegeChennaiTamilnadu 600 034India

Objective:To investigate the crude extracts of Ichnacarpus frutescens(***) for antiobesity ***:Leaves of *** were sequentially extracted with hexane,ethyl acetate, and methanol and their effect on viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were *** on this the apoptosis on preadipocytes was confirmed by DMA fragmentation and LDH(Lactate dehydrogenase) leakage ***-adipogenesis was performed by oil red O(ORO) staining and free glycerol release in the medium of differentiated ***:The hexane extract of ***(IFHE) inhibited cell viability in a time- and dose-related *** increased release of *** a marker of membrane integrity,was observed at a dose of 200μg/mL The discontinuous DMA fragments on agarose gel electrophoresis showed the apoptotic effect of the *** observations of cells stained with ORG showed a decrease in cellular lipid content at the concentrations tested compared to the induced control *** the experiment of lipolytic activity,treatment with IFHE enhanced glycerol secretion with the rates of approximately 28%.55%,and 46%at the concentrations of 100,200 and 300μg/mL,***: The observed properties clearly revealed the medicinal property of *** in the treatment of obesity.

关键词： Obesity Adipocytes Apoptosis Adipogenesis

Validation of degree-day models for predict!ng the emergence of two fruit flies (Diptera: lephritidae) in northeast Egypt

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 153-164页

作者： Mohamed HBayoumy J.P.Michaud Faten AABadr Nabil MGhanim Faculty of Agriculture Economic Entomology DepartmentMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt Department of entomology Kansas State UniversityAgricultural Research Center-HaysHaysKansasUSA Agricultural research Center Plant Protection Research InstituteDokkyGizaEgypt

We estimated thermal developmental thresholds(7o)and degree-day(DD)constants for the immature stages of two tephritid pests,Bcictrocera zonata(Saunders)and Ceratitis capitata(Weidenmann).Males of both species were trapped in an Egyptian guava orchard during the fruiting seasons of 2016 and 2017 and trap catches were compared with peak flights predicted by the DD model based on local weather *** capitata had faster development than *** at 20 and 25°C,but their overall developmental rate was similar at 30 and 35°*** thermal threshold of development(7o)of *** was higher than that of ***,indicating greater sensitivity to *** 35°C yielded the fastest development of both species,survival was higher at 30°C,with *** experiencing a slight advantage,suggesting better tropical *** development of *** and *** was estimated to require 338 and 373 d,respectively,and 616 and 424 DD for a complete *** catches over both seasons showed good correspondence to peaks of fly activity predicted by the DD models;deviations from expectation ranged from 0 to 7 d for both fly *** species had four overlapping generations per season,with *** abundance peaking in the first generation in both years,but only in 2016 for *** models predict about eight and 12 generations per year in northeast Egypt for *** and ***,*** models should be useful for timing pest control measures to coincide with periods of peak fly activity in fruit orchards.

关键词： Bactrocera zonata Ceratitis capitata development forecasting thermal threshold

Impact of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Brown Planthopper and Tolerance of Its Host Rice Plants

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Rice science 2016年第3期23卷 119-131页

作者： Md Mamunur RASHID Mahbuba JAHAN Khandakar Shariful ISLAM Plant Physiology Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Department of entomology Bangladesh Agricultural University

The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(St?l),appeared as a devastating pest of rice in Asia. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three nutrients,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K),on BPH and its host rice plants. Biochemical constituents of BPH and rice plants with varying nutrient levels at different growth stages,and changes in relative water content(RWC) of rice plants were determined in the laboratory. Feeding of BPH and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH with different nutrient levels were determined in the nethouse. Concentrations of N and P were found much higher in the BPH body than in its host rice plants,and this elemental mismatch is an inherent constraint on meeting nutritional requirements of BPH. Nitrogen was found as a more limiting element for BPH than other nutrients in rice plants. Application of N fertilizers to the rice plants increased the N concentrations both in rice plants and BPH while application of P and K fertilizers increased their concentrations in plant tissues only but not in BPH. Nitrogen application also increased the level of soluble proteins and decreased silicon content in rice plants,which resulted in increased feeding of BPH with sharp reduction of RWC in rice plants ultimately caused susceptible to the pest. P fertilization increased the concentration of P in rice plant tissues but not changed N,K,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents,which indicated little importance of P to the feeding of BPH and tolerance of plant against BPH. K fertilization increased K content but reduced N,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents in the plant tissues which resulted in the minimum reduction of RWC in rice plants after BPH feeding,thereby contributed to higher tolerance of rice plants to brown planthopper.

关键词： Nilaparvata lugens relative water content host tolerance nitrogen phosphorus potassium rice nutrient subsidy