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The Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction: Renewing the global Commitment to People’s Resilience, Health,and Well-being

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international Journal of disaster risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 164-176页

作者： Amina Aitsi-Selmi Shinichi Egawa Hiroyuki Sasaki Chadia Wannous Virginia Murray Public Health Strategy Division Public Health England research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London Division of international Cooperation for disaster Medicine International Research Institute of Disaster Science(IRIDeS)Tohoku University The United Nations Office for disaster risk reduction(UNISDR) The United Nations Office for disaster risk reduction(UNISDR)Scientific and Technical Advisory Group

The Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) is the first global policy framework of the United Nations’ post-2015 agenda. It represents a step in the direction of global policy coherence with explicit reference to health, development, and climate change. To develop SFDRR, the United Nations Office for disaster risk reduction(UNISDR) organized and facilitated several global, regional, national, and intergovernmental negotiations and technical meetings in the period preceding the World Conference on disaster risk reduction(WCDRR) 2015 where SFDRR was adopted. UNISDR also worked with representatives of governments, UN agencies, and scientists to develop targets and indicators for SFDRR and proposed them to member states for negotiation and adoption as measures of progress and achievement in protecting lives and livelihoods. The multiple efforts of the health community in the policy development process, including campaigning for safe schools and hospitals, helped to put people’s mental and physicalhealth, resilience, and well-being higher up the disaster risk reduction(DRR) agenda compared with the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015. This article reviews the historical and contemporary policy development process that led to the SFDRR with particular reference to the development of the health theme.

关键词： disaster risk reduction global health Health policy Public health Safe hospitals

Looking Back and Beyond Sendai:25 Years of international Policy Experience on disaster risk reduction

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international Journal of disaster risk Science 2015年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Sálvano Briceo Science Committee Integrated Research on Disaster Risk(IRDR) Program of International Council for Science (ICSU)/International Social Science Council (ISSC)/United NationsInternational Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)

The evolution in knowledge and application of disaster risk reduction in the 25 years of global cooperation on this issue has been uneven. While advances in knowledge have improved our understanding of the full nature of risk—the combination of hazards meeting vulnerability—the application of such knowledge has not been conducive to the development of institutional and technical mechanisms to address the full range of risk elements. Governance of risk(policies, legislation, and organizational arrangements) still focuses largely on preparing to respond to the hazards and planning for recovery. This leaves largely unattended the vulnerability component of risk, which is the only component on which change can be *** arrangements, risk assessments, early warning systems, and other institutional and technical capacities still concentrate on natural hazards and this is the main change that remains to be substantively addressed.

关键词： Climate change adaptation disaster risk reduction risk governance risk management

Challenges with disaster Mortality Data and Measuring Progress Towards the Implementation of the Sendai Framework

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international Journal of disaster risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 449-461页

作者： Helen K.Green Oliver Lysaght Dell D.Saulnier Kevin Blanchard Alistair Humphrey Bapon Fakhruddin Virginia Murray global disaster risk reduction Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet17177 StockholmSweden Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch 8140New Zealand disaster risk reduction and Climate Resilience Tonkin+TaylorAuckland 1141New Zealand

disasters exact a heavy toll ***,the degree to which we can accurately quantify their impact,in particular mortality,remains *** is critical to ensure that disaster data reliably reflects the scale,type,and distribution of disaster impacts given the role of data in:(1)risk assessments;(2)developing disaster risk management programs;(3)determining the resources for response to emergencies;(4)the types of action undertaken in planning for prevention and preparedness;and(5)identifying research *** Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030 s seven global disaster-impact reduction targets represent the first international attempt to systematically measure the effectiveness of disaster-impact reduction as a means of better informing policy with *** A of the Sendai Framework aims to‘‘substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030,aiming to lower the average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015.’’This article provides an overview of the complexities associated with defining,reporting,and interpreting disaster mortality data used for gauging success in meeting Target A,acknowledging different challenges for different types of hazard events and subsequent *** concludes with suggestions of how to address these challenges to inform the public health utility of monitoring through the Sendai Framework.

关键词： Data disaster mortality disaster risk management disaster risk reduction Mass casualty Sendai Framework

Analyzing the Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction

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international Journal of disaster risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 105-106页

作者： Ilan Kelman Michael HGlantz UCL Institute for risk and disaster reduction and UCL Institute for global Health University College London Norwegian Institute of international Affairs (NUPI) Consortium for Capacity Building (CCB) Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) University of Colorado

On 11 March 2011,a massive,shallow earthquake off the east coast of Japan demonstrated the remarkable successes which that country has achieved in earthquake *** collapses tended to be mainly older structures while comparatively few deaths resulted from the shaking(including from landslides),illustrating how decades of initiatives and efforts in disaster risk reduction can reduce vulnerability,ensuring that a hazard does not

关键词： for is work from of in

The 3rd global Summit of research Institutes for disaster risk reduction:Expanding the Platform for Bridging Science and Policy Making

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international Journal of disaster risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 224-230页

作者： Andrew Collins Hirokazu Tatano Wilma James Chadia Wannous Kaoru Takara Virginia Murray Charles Scawthorn Jim Mori Sarah Aziz Khalid M.Mosalam Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler Irasema Alcántara-Ayala Elisabeth Krausmann Wei-Sen Li Ana Maria Cruz Subhajyoti Samaddar Tom De Groeve Yuichi Ono Kelvin Berryman Koji Suzuki Mark Ashley Parry Peter McGowran John G.Rees Department of Geography/disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University disaster Prevention research Institute (DPRI) Kyoto University United Nations Office for disaster risk reduction (UNISDR) Public Health England United Nations Office for disaster reduction (UNISDR) Scientific and Technical Advisory Group and Integrated research on disaster risk (IRDR) Scientific Committee Pacific Earthquake Engineering research Center (PEER) University of CaliforniaBerkeley Centre for Southeast Asia disaster Prevention research Initiative (SEADPRI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pacific Earthquake Engineering CenterUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley international Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) APEC Emergency Preparedness Capacity Building Center (EPCC) international research Institute of disaster Science Tohoku University Natural Hazards Division GNS Science National research Institute for Earth Science and disaster Resilience (NIED) British Geological Survey and research Councils UK

The global Alliance of disaster research Institutes held its 3rd global Summit of research Institutes for disaster risk reduction at the disaster Prevention research Institute,Kyoto University,Japan,19–21 March,*** global Alliance seeks to contribute to enhancing disaster risk reduction(DRR) and disaster resilience through the collaboration of research organizations around the *** summit aim was to expand the platform for bridging science and policy making by evaluating the evidence base needed to meet the expected outcomes and actions of the Sendai Framework for disaster riskreduction 2015–2030 and its Science and Technology *** summit reflected the international nature of collaborative research and action.A pre-conference questionnaire filled out by global Alliance members identified323 research projects that are indicative of current *** were categorized to support seven parallel discussion sessions related to the Sendai Framework priorities for *** discussion sessions focused on research that aims to deepen the understanding of disaster *** cross-cutting sessions focused on research that is aimed at the priorities for action on governance,resilience,and *** summaries were presentedin plenary sessions in support of outcomes for widely enhancing the science and policy of DRR.

关键词： disaster risk reduction research GADRI global summit Policy Science

Critiquing and Joining Intersections of disaster,Conflict,and Peace research

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international Journal of disaster risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 555-567页

作者： Laura E.R.Peters Ilan Kelman College of Earth.Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallis.OR 97331USA Institute for risk and disaster reduction and Institute for Global HealthUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 6BT.UK University of Agder.4630 Kristiansand Norway

disaster research,conflict research,and peace research have rich and deep histories,yet they do not always fully intersect or learn from each other,even when they investigate if and how disasters lead to conflict or *** has tended to focus on investigating causal linkages between disaster(including those associated with climate change)and conflict,and disaster diplomacy emerged as a thread of explanatory research that investigates how and why disaster-related activities do and do not in fluence peace and ***,definitive conclusions on the disaster-conflict-peace nexus have evaded scientific consensus,in part due to conceptual,methodological,and interpretive differences among *** article highlights that this nexus would benefit from a more robust engagement with each field's foundational research that explores beyond binary and crude *** are concepts of destructive and constructive conflict;direct,structural,and cultural violence,and their relationships to vulnerability;negative and positive peace;and the ideals and realities of peacebuilding and conflict *** article demonstrates how integrated scholarship could open up and advance new lines of questioning,with implications for developing cohere nt research,policy,and *** article concludes by offering recommendations for how to better connect disaster,conflict,and peace research.

关键词： Climate change Conflict research disaster diplomacy disaster risk reduction Peace research

A PDEM-based perspective to engineering reliability: From structures to lifeline networks

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 1056-1065页

作者： Jie LI School of Civil Engineering&State Key Laboratory of disaster reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

research of reliability of engineering structures has experienced a developing history for more than 90 ***,the problem of how to resolve the global reliability of structural systems still remains open,especially the problem of the combinatorial explosion and the challenge of correlation between failure *** from the research of probability density evolution theory in recent years,the physics-based system reliability researches open a new way for bypassing this *** present paper introduces the theoretical foundation of probability density evolution method in view of a broad background,whereby a probability density evolution equation for probability dissipative system is *** conjunction of physical equations and structural failure criteria,a general engineering reliability analysis frame is then *** illustrative purposes,several cases are studied which prove the value of the proposed engineering reliability analysis method.

关键词： PDEM reliability structure lifeline networks

Application of 1D/3D finite elements coupling for structural nonlinear analysis

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第3期18卷 889-897页

作者：岳健广 A.Fafitis 钱江雷拓 State Key Laboratory of disaster reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji University Department of Civil Engineering Arizona State University

An element coupling model (ECM) method was proposed to simulate the global behavior and local damage of a *** order to reflect the local damage and improve the computational efficiency,three-dimensional (3D) solid elements and one-dimensional (1D) beam element were coupled by the multi-point constraint equations.A reduced scale 1?8 model test was simulated by the ECM and a full three dimensional model (3DM) *** results show that the global behavior and local damages of ECM agree well with the test and *** is indicated that the proposed method can be used in the structural nonlinear analysis accurately and efficiently.

关键词： elements coupling model global behavior local damage multi-point constraint equations nonlinear analysis

Data,disasters,and Space-Time Entanglements

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international Journal of disaster risk Science 2021年第2期12卷 157-168页

作者： Eija Meriläinen Mirka Koro Institute for risk and disaster reduction and Institute for global Health University College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK Department of Management and Organisation Centre for Corporate ResponsibilityHanken School of Economics00101HelsinkiFinland Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85281USA

disasters connected to natural hazards can at the same time be unfolding events,as well as structural phenomena with unequal disaster risk constructed over an extended ***,in disaster studies,temporality and spatiality are central,yet often implicit,concepts employed to make sense of the disaster *** this article we explicitly focus on temporality and spatiality within qualitative disaster studies,particularly those containing ethnographic *** use Doreen Massey’s idea of space-time trajectories to analyze and illustrate how in qualitative disaster studies the trajectories of the disaster,research participants,and the researcher entangle in diverse *** focus is on how temporality and spatiality are present in the construction of *** article is mainly conceptual,with illustrations drawn from empirical fieldwork on Valparaíso fire of 2014 in *** interrogate how researchers’sensitivity to temporality and spatiality challenges the conventional notions and practices of“data”in qualitative disaster *** focus in this article is on disaster studies,but it also offers methodological insights to other social sciences that strive to conduct research in the era of“Anthropocene,”with all its shifts and changes,the root causes of which have built over a long time.

关键词： Chile Creata Data disaster studies Qualitative disaster research Space-time