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A review of research progress on continuous cropping obstacles

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 253-270页

作者： Kunguang WANG Qiaofang LU Zhechao DOU Zhiguang CHI Dongming CUI Jing MA Guowei WANG Jialing KUANG Nanqi WANG Yuanmei ZUO College of Resources and Environmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and ManagementNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Yunnan ICL YTH Phosphate research and technology Co. Ltd.Kunming 650228China

Due to the increasing global population and limited land resources, continuous cropping has become common. However, after a few years of continuous cropping, obstacles often arise that cause soil degeneration, decreased crop yield and quality, and increased disease incidence, resulting in significant economic losses. It is essential to understand the causes and mitigation mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles(CCOs) and then develop appropriate methods to overcome them. This review systematically summarizes the causes and mitigation measures of soil degradation in continuous cropping through a meta-analysis. It was concluded that not all continuous cropping systems are prone to CCOs. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the principles governing the occurrence of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens in different cropping systems, consider plant–soil-organisms interactions as a system, scientifically regulate the physical and chemical properties of soils from a systems perspective, and then regulate the structure of microbial food webs in the soil to achieve a reduction in diseases caused by soilborne pathogens and increase crop yield ultimately. This review provides reference data and guidance for addressing this fundamental problem.

关键词： Continuous cropping obstacles rhizosphere regulation soil microecological environment

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Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)seed on high-fat diet Sprague dawley rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第1期8卷 6-13页

作者： Ng Shy Kai Tee Ai Nee Elaine Lai Chia Ling Tan Chin Ping Long Kamariah Nyam Kar Lin Department of food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI University Department of food technology Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia Malaysian Agricultural research & Development Institute

Objective:To determine? the anlihypercholesterolemic effects of kenaf seed samples and compare with the commercial hypocholesterolemic drug on serum lipids profiles and malondialdehyde(MDA) level in the ***:Kenaf seed oil(KSO),microencapsulated kenaf seed oil(MKSO),kenaf seed extract(KSE) and defatted kenaf seed meal(DKSM) were prepared and phytocHemicals screening on these samples were done prior in viro *** compounds in *** quantified using high performance liquid *** were 40(divided in eight diet groups of 5) male Sprague dawley rats adapted lo normal standard diet or hypercholesterolemic diet(HD) with or without the treatment of these kenaf samples for 32 ***:All the kenaf samples exhibited to contain most of the major *** possessed gallic acid,tannic acid,*** acid,syringic acid,sinapic acid,ferulic acid,naringin acid,and protocatechuic *** significant higher(P<0.05) serum total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol and MDA levels in HD group without treatment than the normal control group suggested the hypercholesterolemia was induced by the Incorporation of cholesterol into *** exhibited higher cholesterol-lowering properties due to the significant lower(P<0.05)in serum triglycerides,total cholesterol and MDA *** showed the highest efficiency of cholesterol-lowering activity,followed by *** and ***:*** and KSE appeared lo have comparable anti-hypercholesterolemic effect with the commercial hypocholesterolemic ***,kenaf seed could be used as an alternative natural source lo replace the synthetic hypocholosterolemic drugs.

关键词： Hibiscus cannabinus Hypercholesterolemia Phytochemical screening Phenolic compounds Sprague dawley Oxidative stress

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Constructing Electron Microscope Labs: Challenges and Solutions

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning research 2024年第3期12卷 53-68页

作者： Limei Cha Markus Walkling-Ribeiro Zhenxi Guo Yaron Kauffman Constance Van Horne Department of Materials Science and Engineering Guangdong-Technion Israel Institute of Technology Shantou China Department of food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark School of Life Science and Cryo EM core facility Beijing University Beijing China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Abu Dhabi School of Management Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

The construction of advanced laboratories for precision instruments, such as electron microscopes, involves unique challenges that are influenced by the specific environmental conditions required for optimal functionality. These include mitigating interference from magnetic fields and vibrations, which are critical for maintaining the precision and accuracy of the instruments used. This study aims to offer enhanced project management strategies and detailed construction solutions that address the environmental and technical needs specific to electron microscopy labs, thereby facilitating effective lab operations and extending the lifecycle of high-end precision instruments. Case studies of existing laboratory constructions, onsite investigations, and comprehensive reviews of the technical and environmental requirements provide the basis for a best practice for constructing sophisticated electron microscopy labs. The approach integrates both pre-construction planning and post-construction adjustments to create optimal operational environments. The findings suggest that successful lab constructions are those that incorporate thorough onsite assessments, strategic location choices, and the use of advanced construction materials and techniques specifically designed to counteract environmental challenges like magnetic and vibration interferences. Actionable guidelines for both planning and executing the construction of electron microscope labs highlighted in this tutorial are intended as an important resource to troubleshoot or upgrade existing lab facilities and to consult in preparation of future lab construction projects.

关键词： Laboratory Construction Development Strategies Management Case Study Electron Microscope Magnetic Shielding Vibration

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八步连续流全合成维生素B_(1)工艺研究

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 226-232页

作者： Meifen Jiang Minjie Liu Weijian Li Yingqi Xia Fen-Er Chen Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Engineering research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433China School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China

Vitamin B_(1) is widely applied in the healthcare and food industry as an antineuritic and antioxidant to maintain the normal functioning of nerve conduction,the heart,and the gastrointestinal *** study reports on an integrated eight-step continuous-flow synthesis of vitamin B_(1) from commercially available *** proposed continuous-flow process is based on advances in chemistry,engineering,and equipment design,and affords improved performance and safety compared with batch-mode *** challenges were precisely investigated and controlled,including mixing,unexpected clogging,solvent switches,an exothermic reaction,and the prevention of side reactions,using various micro-channel flow reactors,mixers,separators,and continuous *** B_(1) was produced with a separated yield of 47.7% and high purity,with a total residence time of about 3.5 *** eight-step continuous-flow protocol enables technology involving up to six of the key principles of green ***,the application of flow technology is of paramount importance for improving security,reducing waste,and,in particular,improving the efficiency of batch operations that require several days for manufacturing.

关键词： Vitamin B_(1) Continuous-flow synthesis Micro-reactor Continuous manufacturing

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Aqueous Components of Tomato Accelerate Alcohol Metabolism by Increasing Pyruvate Level

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food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第10期5卷 870-879页

作者： Yusuke Ushida Shunji Oshima Koichi Aizawa Hiroyuki Suganuma Akihiro Nemoto Hiroko Ishikiriyama Yasushi Kitagawa research & Development Division Kagome Co. Ltd. Tochigi Japan research laboratories for fundamental technology of food Asahi Group Holdings Ltd. Ibaraki Japan

Consumption of food while drinking alcohol has been suggested to play important roles in alleviating the physiological and pharmacological influences of alcohol. Vegetables are believed to provide health benefits, but there is little evidence for their influence on the effects of alcohol consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a common vegetable, tomato, on alcohol metabolism. In a randomized, controlled, crossover study with12 Japanese healthy men aged between 24 and 56 years, drinking tomato juice containing 5% (v/v) alcohol (TJAlc) significantly attenuated the elevation of blood ethanol level and subsequently increased the level of acetate compared with a water-based alcoholic beverage with an equal dose of alcohol (0.4 g/kg body weight). Significantly higher levels of blood pyruvate and lactate were also observed in subjects who had consumed TJAlc compared with those consuming the water-based beverage. Additionally, a biphasic alcohol effects scale method showed that subjective feelings for alcohol-induced stimulant effects were significantly enhanced by drinking TJAlc. Animal experiments using male Sprague Dawleyrats suggested that the effect on blood biomarkers was attributable to the serum fraction of tomato (TS), which largely consisted of aqueous compounds, but not lipophilic compounds such as the carotenoid lycopene. Furthermore, it was suggested the TS possibly included potent compound(s) in addition to alanine, glutamine, and citric acid, all of which have previously been reported to affect alcohol metabolism. Administration of TS clearly increased the activity of NAD (H)-dependent enzymes such as lactate-(LDH), alcohol-, and aldehyde-dehydrogenase in rat liver cytosols. These findings suggest that aqueous compound(s) in tomato promote alcohol metabolism, probably through increasing pyruvate level, enhancing LDH activity, and improving the ratio of NAD to NADH.

关键词： Tomato Blood Ethanol Level Pyruvate Lactate Dehydrogenase Alcohol Metabolism

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Modulating p-type doping of two-dimensional material palladium diselenide

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Nano research 2024年第4期17卷 3232-3244页

作者： Jiali Yang Yu Liu En-Yang Wang Jinbo Pang Shirong Huang Thomas Gemming Jinshun Bi Alicja Bachmatiuk Hao Jia Shu-Xian Hu Chongyun Jiang Hong Liu Gianaurelio Cuniberti Weijia Zhou Mark H Rümmeli Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary research(iAIR) University of JinanJinan 250022China Institute for Materials Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden(IFW Dresden)20 Helmholtz StrasseDresden 01069Germany State Key Lab of Transducer technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Institute of Microelectronics of Tianjin Binhai New Area Tianjin 300451China Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Lukasiewicz research Network PORT Polish Center for Technology DevelopmentStablowicka 147Wroclaw 54-066Poland School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China College of electronic information and optical engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of SciencesM.Curie Sklodowskiej 34Zabrze 41-819Poland Center for Energy and Environmental Technologies VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava17.Listopadu 15Ostrava 70833Czech Republic State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Center of Bio&Micro/Nano Functional MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan 250100China Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01062Germany Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials(GCL DCIM) Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01062Germany Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01069Germany Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01069Germany

The van der Waals heterostructures have evolved as novel materials for complementing the Si-based semiconductor ***-10 noble metal dichalcogenides(e.g.,PtS_(2),PtSe_(2),PdS_(2),and PdSe_(2))have been listed into two-dimensional(2D)materials toolkit to assemble van der Waals *** them,PdSe_(2) demonstrates advantages of high stability in air,high mobility,and wide tunable ***,the regulation of p-type doping of PdSe_(2) remains unsolved problem prior to fabricating p–n junction as a fundamental platform of semiconductor ***,a quantitative method for the controllable doping of PdSe_(2) is yet to be *** this study,the doping level of PdSe_(2) was correlated with the concentration of Lewis acids,for example,SnCl_(4),used for *** the transfer characteristics,the threshold voltage(the gate voltage corresponding to the minimum drain current)increased after SnCl_(4) soaking ***_(2) transistors were soaked in SnCl_(4) solutions with five different *** threshold voltages from the as-obtained transfer curves were extracted for linear fitting to the threshold voltage versus doping concentration correlation *** study provides in-depth insights into the controllable p-type doping of PdSe_(2).It may also push forward the research of the regulation of conductivity behaviors of 2D materials.

关键词： two-dimensional(2D)materials Lewis acid treatment p-type doping field-effect transistors transfer characteristic

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Individual Differences in Blood Alcohol Concentrations after Moderate Drinking Are Mainly Regulated by Gastric Emptying Rate Together with Ethanol Distribution Volume

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food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第6期3卷 732-737页

作者： Shunji Oshima Takeshi Haseba Chiaki Masuda Ema Kakimi Manabu Sami Tomomasa Kanda Youkichi Ohno Department of Legal Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan. research laboratories for fundamental technology of food Asahi Group Holdings Ltd. Ibaraki Japan

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) differs greatly among individuals, even when people of the same sex and age drink alcohol under the same drinking conditions. In this study, we investigated the main factors involved in the internal reg-ulation of individual differences in BAC, focusing on the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) genotype, blood acetal-dehyde concentration (BAcH), amount of habitual alcohol consumption, pharmacokinetic parameters of BAC, distribution volume of ethanol (Vd), and gastric emptying rate (GER) under the same drinking conditions. Twenty healthy Japanese males aged between 40 and 59 years old and having the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype of ALDH 2*1/*2 were recruited for this study. The subjects were given 0.32 g ethanol/kg body weight in the form of commercially available beer (5%, v/v). The results showed that BAC-max differed greatly among individuals with a more than two-fold variation. When the BAC-time curve was compared among ADH1B genotypes (ADH1B*1/*1, *1/*2, and *2/*2), there were no differences in BAC among the genotypes. Although BAcH, monthly alcohol consumption, elimination rate of blood ethanol (β value) and ethanol disappearance rate from the body (EDR) can affect BAC, all of them had no correlations with BAC-max. However, Vd (liter/kg), ΔPlasma glucose concentration (ΔPGC = PGC30 min ? PGC0 min) and the serum concentration of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) did correlate with BAC-max. Model 2 in multiple linear regression analysis showed the optimal model for Vd and GIP with positive correlations with BAC-max. As GIP and ΔPGC are both reflected by gastric emptying rate (GER), we concluded that the individual differences in BAC after moderate drinking are mainly regulated by GER together with Vd. These findings demonstrate that together with body water content, the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in the regulation of individual differences in BAC, involving first pass metabolism of ethanol.

关键词： Individual Differences Blood Ethanol Concentration Moderate Drinking Gastric Emptying Rate Distribution Volume

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Studies on the Specific Degranulation of Mast Cell Sensitized by Several Allergens in vitro

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2009年第2期6卷 149-153页

作者： Yongchao Guo Zhenxing Li Hong Lin Haider Samee Jamil Khalid food safety laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003. Shandong China Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial research laboratories Complex Karachi Pakistan

food allergy is a major health issue worldwide. Mast cells play a very important role in the immediate hypersensitivity for which mast cell degranulation needs to be studied extensively. In this study, an approach was taken to study the characteristics of sensitized mast cell degranulation in vitro, which associated with the study of mast cells and animal models. BALB/c mice were immunized respectively by several food allergens, then blood and peritoneal mast cells were collected at different time points. A dynamic determination was carried out between mast cells and serumal IgE. Comparative analysis on sequential time points showed that there was a close coincidence between mast cell degranulation and IgE antibody titers in sensitized BALB/c mice. Furthermore, it is interesting that sensitized mast cells could implement specific degranulation against the challenges in vitro, but the closely tropomyosins induced mast cell degranulation displayed cross reactions. This is very similar to IgE resisting the allergens in vivo. The study disclosed some characteristics on mast cells, coming from sensitized BALB/c mice, degranulation in vitro.

关键词： food allergy allergen mast cell degranulation

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Hot air treatment activates defense responses and induces resistance against Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2658-2665页

作者： JIN Peng ZHENG Cong HUANG Yu-ping WANG Xiao-li LUO Zi-sheng ZHENG Yong-hua College of food Science and technology Nanjing Agricultural University College of Life Science and food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology College of Biosystems Engineering and food Science Zhejiang University

The effect of hot air（HA, 45°C, 3.5 h） treatment on reducing gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that HA treatment significantly reduced lesion diameter and enhanced activities of chitinase（CHI）, β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase（PAL） in strawberry fruit. Total phenolic contents were also increased by HA treatment. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase（APX） were higher in HA treated strawberry fruit than those in control. Expression of three defense related genes such as CAT, CCR-1 allele and PLA6 was greatly induced in HA treated strawberry fruit with or without inoculation by B. cinerea. In addition, the in vitro experiment showed that HA treatment inhibited spore germination and tube growth of B. cinerea. These results suggested that HA treatment directly activated disease resistance against B. cinerea in strawberry fruit without priming response and directly inhibiting growth of B. cinerea.

关键词： strawberry hot air postharvest disease induced resistance Botrytis cinerea

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用于B5G/6G技术的单板集成毫米波非对称全数字波束成形阵列（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第10期41卷 35-50页

作者： Qingqing Lin Jun Xu Kai Chen Long Wang Wei Li Zhiqiang Yu Guangqi Yang Jianyi Zhou Zhe Chen Jixin Chen Xiaowei Zhu Wei Hong State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast University Purple Mountain laboratories

In this article,a single-board integrated millimeter-wave（mm-Wave） asymmetric full-digital beamforming（AFDBF） array is developed for beyond-fifth-generation（B5G） and sixth-generation（6G） *** proposed integrated array effectively addresses the challenge of arranging a large number of ports in a full-digital array by designing vertical connections in a three-dimensional space and successfully integrating full-digital transmitting（Tx） and receiving（Rx） arrays independently in a single *** the traditional symmetric array,the proposed asymmetric array is composed of an 8 × 8 Tx array arranged in a square shape and an 8+8 Rx array arranged in an L *** center-to-center distance between two adjacent elements is 0.54λ0for both the Tx and Rx arrays,where λ0is the free-space wavelength at 27 *** proposed AFDBF array possesses a more compact structure and lower system hardware cost and power consumption compared with conventional brick-type full-digital *** additio n,the energy efficiency of the proposed AFDBF array outperforms that of a hybrid beamforming *** measurement results indicate that the operating frequency band of the proposed array is 24.25-29.50 *** eight-element linear array within the Tx array can achieve a scanning angle ranging from-47° to+47° in both the azimuth and the elevation planes,and the measured scanning range of each eight-element Rx array is-45° to+45°.The measured maximum effective isotropic radiated power（EIRP） of the eight-element Tx array is 43.2 dBm at 28.0 GHz（considering the saturation point）.Furthermore,the measured error vector magnitude（EVM） is less than 3% when 64-quadrature amplitude modulation（QAM） waveforms are used.

关键词： Full-digital beamforming array Asymmetric structure Single-board integrated Beyond fifth-generation and sixth-generation Millimeter-wave communication Complex modulation Printed circuit board Vertical connection

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