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Mechanism and kinetics of 2-chlorophenol degradation in drinking water by photo-electrochemical synergic effect

science China Chemistry 2003年第3期46卷 259-270页

作者： SONG Qiang (宋强) QU Jiuhui (曲久辉) State Key Laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The synergic effect mechanism of photo-electrochemical oxidation is investigated in detail through reaction products and kinetics analysis in a photo-electric integral reactor with 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) as the model pollutant. A kinetics model is constructed for the combinatorial photo-electrochemical (CPE) degradation. A remarkable synergetic effect, which can significantly enhance the mineralization rate of the CPE process, is verified by the comparison of apparent kinetic constants. In the CPE process, complemental effects with multi-level and multi-pathway for pollutants degradation under our experimental conditions are speculated. It is proved that the degradation pathways are not only the simple summation of that of photolysis and electrolysis, but the formation of synergic effect through combination of several new acting approaches. The degradation efficiency is enhanced considerably by three factors, control of electrode poisoning by the UV irradiation, control of excitation and reaction trend of pollutants molecules by the UV irradiation, and control of activation effect and transfer trend by the oriented direct current (DC) electric field. An advanced oxidation system is set up through manifold of free radicals chain reactions in the CPE reactions, so that the aqueous organics can be mineralized fast and completely. It is proven by the kinetics analysis that the mineralization of organic pollutants is mainly attributed to the generation of very active hydroxyl radicals (OH@) in bulk solution from the CPE synergetic effect.

关键词： 2-chlorophenol, photo-electrochemical synergic effect, kinetics model, drinking water, microelectrolysis, UV.

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Role of the Greenland Sea ice anomaly in the late-spring drought over Northwest China

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Atmospheric and Oceanic science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 1-5页

作者： Yang Liu Huopo Chen Nansen-Zhu International research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Collaborative Innovation center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University for Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

Drought across Northwest China in late spring has exerted a vital effect on the local climate and agricultural production,and has been alleviated during the past *** study explored the influence of the preceding Arctic sea ice on the May drought in Northwest China caused by the precipitation *** analysis indicated that when the Greenland Sea ice concentration is abnormally high during February to April,the dry conditions in Northwest China tend to be *** increase of sea ice in the Greenland Sea can excite a meridional circulation,which causes sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies in the North Atlantic via the sea-air interaction,manifested as significant warm SST anomalies over the south of Greenland and the subtropical North Atlantic,but negative SST anomalies over the west of the *** abnormal SST pattern maintains to May and triggers a zonal wave train from the North Atlantic through Scandinavia and Central Asia to Northwest China,leading to abnormal cyclones in Northwest ***,Northwest China experiences a more humid climate than usual.

关键词： Arctic sea ice Greenland Sea North Atlantic SST Drought Northwest China

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Synthesis of β-(1→6)-Branched (1→3)-Glucononaoside with Alternate β-and α-Bonds in the Backbone

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2003年第12期21卷 1655-1660页

作者：吴自成宁君孔繁祚 research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Lauryl glycoside of β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-]α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-]α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-]β-D-Glcp was synthesized through 3+3+3 strategy. 3-O-Allyl-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-] 1,2 -O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose was used as the key intermediate which was converted to the corresponding trisaccharide donor and acceptor readily.

关键词： oligosaccharide synthesis glucose

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Degradation of kanamycin from production wastewater with high-concentration organic matrices by hydrothermal treatment

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Journal of environmental sciences 2020年第11期32卷 11-18页

作者： Mei Tang Fan Li Min Yang Yu Zhang State Key Laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100085China National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

It is known that many kinds of fermentative antibiotics can be removed by temperatureenhanced hydrolysis from production wastewater based on their easy-to-hydrolyze ***,a few aminoglycosides are hard to hydrolyze below 100℃ because of their stability expressed by high molecular energy gap(E).Herein,removal of hard-to-hydrolyze kanamycin residue from production wastewater by hydrothermal treatment at subcritical temperatures was *** results showed the reaction temperature had a significant impact on kanamycin *** degradation half-life(t1/2)was shortened by 87.17-fold when the hydrothermal treatment temperature was increased from 100℃ to 180℃.The t1/2 of kanamycin in the N2 process was extended by 1.08-1.34-fold compared to that of the corresponding air process at reaction temperatures of 140-180℃,indicating that the reactions during hydrothermal treatment process mainly include oxidation and ***,the contribution of hydrolysis was calculated as 75%-98%,which showed hydrolysis played a major role during the process,providing possibilities for the removal of kanamycin from production wastewaters with high-concentration organic *** transformation products with lower antibacterial activity than kanamycin were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS *** importantly,hydrothermal treatment could remove 97.9%of antibacterial activity(kanamycin EQ,1,109 mg/L)from actual production wastewater with CODCr around 100,000 mg/***,the methane production yield in anaerobic inhibition tests could be increased about 2.3 times by adopting the hydrothermal ***,it is concluded that hydrothermal treatment as a pretreatment technology is an efficient method for removing high-concentration hard-to-hydrolyze antibiotic residues from wastewater with high-concentration organic matrices.

关键词： Pharmaceutical wastewater Hydrothermal process Antibiotic antibacterial activity Hydrolysis Refractory organic wastewater

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Acute and chronic effects of tributyltin on the Chinese rare minnow(Gobiocypris rarus)

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science China Chemistry 2003年第3期46卷 243-251页

作者：周群芳江桂斌刘稷燕 research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

The acute (12 h) and chronic (7 or 14 d) effects of tributyltin chloride (TBT) on a new type of test fish, the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), have been studied. High accumula-tion of the pollutant in the fish muscle and obvious changes in hepatosomatic index and gonad somatic index were observed after exposure. The ultrastructural findings show a series of patho-logical changes existing in the exposed gill cells and hepatocytes, which demonstrates the toxicity effects of tributyltin compounds on aquatic organisms. The results clearly show that the Chinese rare minnow is a new sensitive test fish material, whose exposure system is suitable for the exten-sive organometallic toxicity studies.

关键词： tributyltin Chinese rare minnow toxicology

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Effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems and their rehabilitation strategies in China

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Journal of environmental sciences 2002年第2期14卷 227-233页

作者： FENG Zong\|wei, MIAO Hong, ZHANG Fu\|zhu, HUANG Yi\|zong (research center for eco\|environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China. E\|mail: FZW@***) research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 北京 100085

South China has become the third largest region associated with acid deposition following Europe and North America, the area subject to damage by acid deposition increased from 1.75 million km 2 in 1985 to 2.8 million km 2 in 1993. Acid deposition has caused serious damage to ecosystem. Combined pollution of acid rain and SO 2 showed the obvious multiple effects on crops. Vegetable was more sensitive to acid deposition than foodstuff crops. Annual economic loss of crops due to acid deposition damage in eleven provinces of south China was 4.26 billion RMB Yuan. Acid deposition caused serious damage to forest. Annual economic loss of wood volume was about 1.8 billion RMB Yuan and forest ecological benefit loss 16.2 billion in eleven provinces of south China. Acid deposition in south China was typical “sulfuric acid type”. According to the thoughts of sustainable development, some strategies were brought forward as follows: (1) enhancing environmental management, specifying acid\|controlling region, controlling and abating the total emission amount of SO 2; (2) selecting practical energy technologies of clean coal, for example, cleansing and selecting coal, sulfur\|fixed\|type industrial briqutting, abating sulfur from waste gas and so on; (3) developing other energy sources to replace coal, including water electricity, atomic energy and the new energy such as solar energy, wind energy and so on; (4) in acid deposition region of south China, selecting acid\|resistant type of crop and tree to decrease agricultural losses, planting more green fertilizer crops, using organic fertilizers and liming, in order to improve buffer capacities of soil.

关键词： acid rain agriculture forestry economic loss rehabilitation strategies

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Hydrological eco-service of rubber plantations in Hainan Island and its effect on local economic development

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Journal of environmental sciences 2003年第5期15卷 701-709页

作者： JIANG Ju sheng , WANG Ru song (research center for eco environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China. research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 北京 100085

The impacts of economic forest on global environmental change(GEC) are one of the hot issues in environmental study. Based on the 3 year observation data and 40 year climate data, GEC and analysis of the hydrological dynamic characteristics of rubber plantations and estimate of the water balance in the rubber plantations in Hainan Island were made. The results showed that the rainfall intercepted by the canopy of the plantations accounted for 11 45% of the annual rainfall, the total runoff for 23 71%, the total evaporation and transpiration for 63 24%, the soil moisture storage for 1 6%. Analysis of the 40 year rainfall data in the 19 counties of Hainan Island during 1951—1990 showed that the large scale substitution of the natural vegetation with the rubber plantations had no significant effect on the local rainfall in Hainan Island. The main reasons are (1) 80% of the rainfall in Hainan is brought by typhoons; (2) the proportion of 11 6% rubber plantations in total forest coverage in Hainan is not enough to influence the local rainfall in Hainan Island; and (3) although the rubber plantation is artificial vegetation, it has the similar function to the tropical rain forest. Analysis of the total water resource and total GDP of Hainan in 1997 showed that the economic benefit resulted from the water resource was 1 0 RMB Yuan/m 3 The value of hydrological of the rubber plantation in Hainan was 113 9 million RMB Yuan/a when compared with the tropical rain forest. The paper reaches conclusion that the hydrological eco service function of rubber plantation has been enhanced after transformed from natural vegetation, which includes the natural service and powerful social service.

关键词： eco service rubber plantation hydrological function Hainan Island

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Biodegradation of acetanilide herbicides acetochlor and butachlor in soil

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Journal of environmental sciences 2002年第4期14卷 524-529页

作者： YE Chang ming, WANG Xing jun, ZHENG He hui (research center for eco environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China. research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 北京 100085

The biodegradation of two acetanilide herbicides, acetochlor and butachlor in soil after other environmental organic matters addition were measured during 35 days laboratory incubations. The herbicides were applied to soil alone, soil SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) mixtures and soil HA (humic acid) mixtures. Herbicide biodegradation kinetics were compared in the different treatment. Biodegradation products of herbicides in soil alone samples were identified by GC/MS at the end of incubation. Addition of SDBS and HA to soil decreased acetochlor biodegradation, but increased butachlor biodegradation. The biodegradation half life of acetochlor and butachlor in soil alone, soil SDBS mixtures and soil HA mixtures were 4.6d, 6.1d and 5.4d and 5.3d, 4.9d and 5.3d respectively. The biodegradation products were hydroxyacetochlor and 2 methyl 6 ethylaniline for acetochlor, and hydroxybutachlor and 2,6 diethylaniline for butachlor.

关键词： acetochlor butachlor soil biodegradation kinetics degradation products

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Investigation of Mixed Chiral Selectors of Different Metal Ion-L-Alanine Complex and β-Cyclodextrin on the Chiral Separation of Dansyl Amino Acids with Capillary Electrophoresis

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2003年第11期21卷 1478-1484页

作者：郑志侠屈锋林金明 research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Chiral separation of dansyl amino acids by capillary electrophoresis using mixed selectors of Mn(II)- L -alanine complex and β -cyclodextrin ( β -CD) was studied. Resolution was considerably superior to that obtained by using either Mn(II)- L -alanine complex or β -CD alone. The effects of separation parameters,such as pH value of buffer solution,capillary temperature,the concentration of Mn(II)- L -alanine complex,the types of CD and ligand on the migration times and resolutions were investigated. Six different transition metal complexes, Cu(II), Zn(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Hg(II) and Cd(II)- L -alanine complexes have been employed and compared with Mn(II) complex. Differences in retention and selectivity were found. The substitution of Cu(II),Zn(II),Co(II) and Ni(II) for Mn(II) resulted in a better chiral resolution while Hg(II) and Cd(II) showed poorer resolution abilities. The chiral separation mechanism was also discussed briefly.

关键词： chiral separation ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis dansyl amino acids β-cyclodextrin

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Adsorption-desorption behavior of acetochlor to soils in the presence of some environmental substances

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Journal of environmental sciences 2002年第2期14卷 269-276页

作者： YE Chang ming, LEI Zhi fang (research center for eco environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China. research center for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 北京 100085

The behavior of herbicide acetochlor adsorption desorption to soil in the presence of humic acid (HA), anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDAB) and NH 4NO 3 as a chemical fertilizer was studied. Observed acetochlor adsorption isotherm were well described using Freundlich isotherm equation, from which the desorption isotherm equation has been deduced. The deduced equation can more directly describe acetochlor desorption process. The results showed that the enhance of acetochlor adsorption capacity by solid HA was greater than by soluble HA. The presence of NH 4NO 3 can slightly enhance acetochlor adsorption to soil by comparison with that measured in NH 4NO 3 free solution. In soil water system, surfactant acetochlor interaction is very complex, and the surfactant adsorptions as well as acetochlor adsorption need to be considered. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained lower concentration SDBS or HDAB (40 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was decreased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution. When acetochlor soil suspensions contained higher concentration SDBS or HDAB (corresponding 1400 mg/L or 200 mg/L), K f for acetochlor adsorption was increased in comparison to that measured in SDBS or HDAB free solution.

关键词： adsorption desorption acetochlor humic acid surfactants ammonium nitrate soil

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